阿维菌素对土壤微生物的活性影响

对阿维菌素在6种不同浓度下对土壤微生物种群数量及土壤中细菌，放线菌，真菌生长速率进行了研究，结果表明，阿维菌素只有在浓度为125mg.kg^-1以上时对土壤中微生物种微数量及土壤中细菌，放线菌，真菌生长速率有明显的抑制作用。     

凋落叶分解对土壤微生物数量和组成的影响

研究了8个树种凋落叶分解对土壤微生物数量和组成的影响.结果表明:凋落叶分解影响下的土壤中真菌数量比例明显高于对照土壤中的,说明真菌是凋落叶的重要分解者;凋落叶在分解前期,细菌所占比例最高,真菌和放线菌所占比例较低,而分解后期,细菌比例下降,真菌和放线菌比例上升;南洋楹、大叶相思、马占相思和荷木等树种凋落叶分解影响下的土壤微生物量较大,种类比较丰富,细菌所占比例较高,有较好的土壤微生物效应,而湿地松和马尾松凋落叶的土壤微生物效应则较差.     

福美双对土壤微生物群落和呼吸强度的影响

研究了不同浓度福美双对土壤微生物种群变化以及土壤呼吸强度的影响。结果表明:施用福美双改变了土壤微生物的种群数量、群落结构及其多样性指数;低浓度福美双对细菌表现为激活作用,而高浓度福美双则有抑制作用;福美双对放线菌生长有抑制作用,对真菌表现为激活作用。低浓度福美双对土壤呼吸强度有一定激活作用,高浓度则产生抑制作用。     

甲拌磷残留对加工番茄根际与非根际微生物活性的影响

为明确甲拌磷在农田环境中的生态效应,通过盆栽模拟试验研究了0、2、8、20、50mg/kg 5个甲拌磷浓度对加工番茄根际与非根际土壤可培养细菌、真菌、放线菌以及土壤脲酶和碱性磷酸酶活性的影响。结果表明:施入甲拌磷对土壤中的真菌、放线菌有抑制作用,但很快恢复到正常水平,对细菌有明显的抑制作用,4个浓度处理对根际土壤细菌的平均抑制率分别为10.4%、12.7%、19.5%、16.9%,对非根际土壤细菌的平均抑制率分别为11.6%、18.4%、26.2%、27.5%。根际土壤细菌数量大于非根际土壤,细菌根际效应R/B为1.51~2.59,真菌、放线菌根际效应不明显。2mg/kg和8mg/kg甲拌磷处理对番茄非根际土壤脲酶有抑制作用,而20mg/kg和50mg/kg甲拌磷对番茄非根际土壤脲酶有刺激作用。甲拌磷对番茄根际与非根际土壤碱性磷酸酶均有一定刺激作用。     

猪粪与生活垃圾混合堆肥的微生物数量变化研究

研究了猪粪与生活垃圾混合堆肥过程中的微生物如细菌、真菌、放线菌、大肠菌群等数量的变化.结果发现:所有微生物的数量都发生了变化,细菌、放线菌、真菌呈现高、低、稍高的变化,但已达不到堆肥开始时微生物的数量.大肠菌群数呈现高、低的变化,在堆肥后期没有检测到.     

污水生态处理系统中微生物生态学研究

采用平板计数、液体稀释法计数,对石家庄某军事学院污水生态处理系统的微生物生态学进行了初步研究.结果表明,污水生态处理系统内,水体中的微生物种群以细菌、真菌、放线菌为主,总数在107 CFU/L以上;土壤中的微生物种群以细菌数量最多,达到108CFU/L以上.从生物滤池进水到人工湿地出水,水体中原生动物数量先增后减,但种类增加,细菌、真菌和放线菌数量也依次减少,说明水体污染程度次第降低;季节变化及进水CODα的含量对污水生态处理系统中的微生物数量有一定影响,9月份进水中的CODα浓度低,导致真菌、放线菌的总数增多,分别达到8.0×107 CFU/L和9.6×105 CFU/L,造成出水浊度高、CODα的去除效果差;人工湿地系统中表层土壤微生物和深层土壤微生物数量与污水中污染物(CODα)去除率之间的相关性结果表明,污水中CODα的去除主要依靠的是表层土中的细菌和真菌,其相关系数可达到0.69、0.84以上;人工湿地土壤样的微生物中,不同区域土壤样中的细菌、真菌和放线菌总数都随着季节的改变会有变化,但随着季节变化的规律不很明显.土壤样中硝化菌的数量与温度呈正相关,反硝化菌的数量与温度呈负相关.     

西南典型岩溶区土壤微生物数量研究

分别选取桂林、重庆、贵州三地的林地、耕地等几种不同土地利用方式下20、40、60 cm深3个土层土壤样品,采用稀释平板法对土壤中细菌、放线菌、真菌三大微生物类群进行计数,结果显示:(1)与非岩溶区相比,岩溶区土壤细菌和放线菌数量明显高于非岩溶区,真菌数量反之,且岩溶区微生物总量大于非岩溶区。(2)岩溶区土壤中细菌数量占绝对优势,夏季所占比例最高达到94.7%,秋季达93.8%;放线菌最高夏季为33.1%,秋季为55.4%;真菌夏季最高达55.9%,秋季为4.4%。(3)微生物数量变化存在时间和空间差异性,但总体而言,夏季各微生物数量明显高于秋季,细菌数量变化趋势在不同地区存在一致性,真菌和放线菌则不明显。造成这种区别的因素包括土壤理化性质、微生物生理特性等。     

上海市沿海防护林土壤微生物三大类群变化特征

通过对上海市区6种林型沿海防护林的土壤养分和三大类群土壤微生物(细菌、真菌、放线菌)数量的动态特征进行研究,结果表明:(1)不同土壤层次三大类群微生物数量变化均较大,土壤表层(0~10 cm)的细菌数量是底层(40~60 cm)的2.33~3.67倍;土壤表层(0~10 cm)的真菌数量是底层(40~60 cm)的2.21~3.75倍;土壤表层(0~10 cm)的放线菌数量是底层(40~60 cm)的1.29~2.26倍;(2)不同林型下土壤三大类群微生物数量的季节变化各有其自身特点,变化趋势不一致;(3)三大类群微生物数量从多到少的顺序为:细菌、真菌、放线菌,细菌在土壤微生物中占有绝对优势;(4)不同林型的表层土壤(0~10 cm)中微生物总量差异较大,年内总量从大到小表现为:杨树、杨树+麻栎、榆树+榉树、水杉+杨树、东方杉、水杉、滩地。     

内蒙古库布齐沙带东段油篙（Artemisia ordosica）根际土壤微生物类群数量的研究

内蒙古库布齐沙带东段油蒿根际土壤微生物类群数量的研究结果：１）微生物三大类群总数量排列依次为细菌＞放线菌＞真菌；２）芽孢细菌占无芽孢细菌数量比值随春、夏和秋的季节变化依次递减；３）在０．５～１０ｃｍ土层中的芽孢细菌和放线菌数量多于其它各层；４）土壤微生物总数量根际大于根外，存在明显的根际效应．     

集中施入有机肥后土壤微生物数量的空间动态变化

为了探明集中施肥(穴施、条施)下土壤微生物(细菌、真菌、放线菌)的数量在空间上的动态变化,采用土柱模拟方法,研究鸡粪在2种集中施肥方式(穴施、条施)及两种对照施肥方式(不施肥、均匀施肥)处理下土壤微生物数量的空间动态变化。结果表明:(1)与均匀施肥和不施肥相比较,集中施肥更有利于促进土壤细菌、真菌和放线菌的繁殖;(2)土壤细菌和放线菌数量随着处理时间的变化先升高后降低,而真菌则是逐渐降低的趋势;(3)垂直10和20 cm位置的土壤细菌、真菌和放线菌数量高于垂直35 cm位置,且在垂直10和20 cm位置集中施肥对土壤微生物数量的影响显著并高于均匀施肥和不施肥处理,而在远离肥料的垂直35 cm位置的差异不显著;(4)水平方向上,集中施肥处理在处理后5和10 d对水平2和5 cm位置的土壤微生物数量影响较大,处理后30 d其影响与均匀施肥处理的差异不显著。本研究表明集中施入有机肥对土壤微生物数量的影响会因为距离的远近而产生差异,在2-10 cm距离,离肥料越近土壤微生物数量越高,且其影响显著的时间为施肥后10 d左右。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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