Light transmission. II. Instruments for making in-vivo light transmission measurements

Summary 2 instruments for making in vivo light transmission measurements are described. A special device makes it possible to measure the thickness of the tissue as well.Acknowledgments. The author would like to thank Dr Leonard Salzarulo, chairman of the Physics Department of the New Jersey Institute of Technology for the critical reading of the paper. Special thanks are extended to Mr Simon H. Gregory of the Valtec Corp. for supplying the fibreoptics and for his helpful suggestions in how to handle them. Appreciations are also extended to Prof. Giuseppe Battendieri of the Liceo Scientifico Enrico Fermi in Cosenza, Italy, for the schematic reproduction of the instruments.     

A method for the measurement of transmitted and reflected light from the same biological sample

Summary An apparatus is described for the measurement of transmission and reflection of visible light through biological materials. The accuracy of the apparatus is independent of any fluctuations of intensity in the light source.     

An immunofluorescent method for identification of isolated thyrotropic cells.

A sensitive and specific immunofluorescent method for identification of thyrotropic cells was developed. The TSH-producing cells were found to be heterogenic in their morphology and intensity of staining.     

Photosynthesis and respiration I. Effect of light quality on the photorespiration in attached shoots of spruce

Zusammenfassung In isolierten Sprossen der FichtePicea glauca Moench/Voss ergab Belichtung mit blauem Licht ähnliche CO₂-Assimilationsgeschwindigkeit wie mit weissem oder rotem Licht. Die Geschwindigkeit der Photorespiration hingegen war bei blauem Licht ca. 3–4mal so gross wie bei weissem oder rotem Licht.

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The financial support for this work came from the Committee on Extra-Mural Research Projects, Department of Forestry, Ottawa, Ont.     

Electroretinographic responses to polarized light in the wolf-spiderArctosa variana C. L. Kock

Zusammenfassung Registrierung der Elektroretinogramme jedes Auges der WolfspinneArctosa variana C.L.K. nach Reizung mit polarisiertem Licht. Bei Reizung der vorderen und hinteren Mittelaugen erhält man während der Polarizatordrehung Minima und Maxima. Der Effekt unterbleibt an den vorderen und hinteren Seitenaugen.

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This research has been sponsored jointly by the Office of Scientific Research, EOAR, through the European Office, Aerospace Research, United States Air Force, under Contract No. AF 61 (052)-107, and by the Rockefeller Foundation.     

Amino acid conjugates in blood and urine. I. A simple method for n-substituted amino acid determination

Zusammenfassung Eine neue, vereinfachte, elektrophoretische Trennungstechnik zur quantitativen Bestimmung von Aminosäuren in Körperflüssigkeiten in konjugierter Form oder als ninhydrin-negative Polypeptide wird beschrieben.     

An astrolabe attributed to Gerard Mercator,c. 1570

The Istituto e Museo di Storia della Scienza, Florence, Italy, possesses an astrolabe with five latitude plates that is now attributed to the Duisburg workshop of Gerard Mercator. Although it is known that Mercator made instruments, this is the first surviving example to be identified. Another latitude plate is shown to come from the workshop of the Florentine, Giovan Battista Giusti. A seventh plate, possibly engraved by Rumold Mercator, provides the only known Mercatorian polar stereographic projection. The role of Egnazio Danti, cosmographer to the Grand Duke of Tuscany, in the acquisition of the astrolabe in about 1570 is considered.     

From personality to party: the creation and transmission of Hutchinsonianism, c. 1725-1750

This paper represents a provisional attempt to chart the intellectual construction of Hutchinsonianism over approximately a quarter of a century from the mid-1720s through to the early 1750s. It looks at how Hutchinson’s works were received and fashioned by his first followers, the means they used to communicate their conviction to others, and the extent to which their outlook can be characterised as anti-Newtonian. The paper argues for a slow take up of ‘Hutchinsonian’ views before Spearman and Bate published a collected edition of the master’s works in 1748. This single edition gave Hutchinson’s writings a coherence and a unity they were ill-designed to carry, but it created Hutchinsonianism as an appreciable force in Oxford and elsewhere. The paper concludes that the anti-Newtonian rhetoric of the movement’s founder was increasingly muted in the hands of his followers (with the exception of Bate), and by the 1750s the main bone of contention was less attitudes to Newton than approaches to Hebrew scholarship.     

An improved thioflavine S method for staining neurofibrillary tangles and senile plaques in Alzheimer's disease.

Large differences are usually observed when standard staining methods for a number of pathological lesions in neurodegenerative disorders are compared. With the modified thioflavine S method presented here (easy and cheap to perform), the morphological appearance of the stained neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) and senile plaques (SP) is greatly improved. Furthermore, the intense contrast between stained lesions and background obtained with this technique permits an accurate automatic quantification of NFT and SP using a computer-assisted image analysis system.     

An improved method for calculating colony forming ability in soft agar with special reference to malignancy

Summary We examined the correlation between the tumorigenicity and the growth capacity in soft agar of various malignant cell lines. The colony forming rates were calculated in (a) 0%, (b) 0.15%, (c) 0.30%, and (d) 0.40% soft agar medium. An approximate value for the colony forming capacity, y, was then established for the formula (x=concentration of soft agar, f(x)=rate of appearance of colony forming cells with x% soft agar medium).We would like to thank Miss Kimiko Tabuchi for her expert technical assistance during the course of these investigations.     

Theoretical prediction of carcinogenicity: Quasi-quantification by quasi-valence. A reply to V. Veljkovic and D. I. Lalovic

Summary We have shown the recently proposed method for prediction of carcinogenicity by average quasi-valence number to be neither a good predictor of carcinogenicity, nor of non-carcinogenicity.Grants to Edward J. Klekowski Jr from the U.S. National Science Foundation and from the office of Water Resources Research, U.S. Department of the Interior under the Water Resources Research Act of 1964, as amended, supported this research.     

A method to collect cervical smears from small breeds of monkeys.

A simple method is described to collect cervical smears and to have a clear view of cervix for small breed of monkeys. This method was found useful to collect adequate cytology smears with good preservation of cellular morphology.     

Lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase activity in carbohydrate-induced hypertriglyceridemia in mice. An immunofluorescent method for identification of isolated thyrotropic cells

Summary Feeding to mice of both basal as well as high sucrose diet led to increased levels of plasma triglycerides, which was associated with increased lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase activity. Although males had significantly higher LCAT activity than females in all the dietary groups, sex difference in the plasma triglycerides was observed in high sucrose group only. Increase in plasma triglycerides in experimental groups was associated with an increase in LCAT activity.