Effects of negative emotion and its correlated neural activity on secretory immunoglobulin A

In this study, we investigated how the negative emotional arousal induced by watching a number of unpleasant images altered the concentration of secretory immunoglobulin A （SlgA） in saliva. Although our results found discrepancies among participants＇ SIgA concentration （i.e. some participants＇ SlgA decreased after watching unpleasant pictures, whereas others increased）, further analysis revealed correlations among participants＇ changes in SIgA concentration, their general coping styles and their actual strategies for emotion regulation when perceiving unpleasant pictures, and the event-related potentials （ERPs） associated with viewing unpleasant pictures. The participants whose SIgA increased after watching unpleasant pictures （the ＂Increasers＂） had higher positive coping scores in the Trait Coping Styles Questionnaire （TCSQ） than those whose SIgA decreased （the ＂Decreasers＂）. Also, relative to the ＂Decreasers＂, the ＂Increasers＂ tended to use more emotion regulation strategies, particularly with extremely negative pictures. The amplitude of their late positive potentials （LPPs） exhibited a reverse dissociation pattern for extremely negative pictures versus least negative ones and was related to the cognitive evaluation of the stimuli＇s meaning. In sum, this research revealed the psychological mechanisms by which negative emotional states influence the immune system and the related ERP changes.     

Picture encoding and retrieval： An event-related potentials study

A study-test paradigm was used to investigate the Dm (Differential memory) effect and the old/new effect of pictures. The participants were asked to judge whether the pictures were previously studied or not when they were presented with a series of pictures during the test phase. The event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded during encoding and retrieval phases. The results showed that (1)during 400-700 ms of encoding, the remembered old pictures elicited more positive waveforms than the forgotten old pictures at frontal and central areas; (2) during 500-600 ms of retrieval, the correctly judged old pictures elicited more positive waveforms than the correctly judged new pictures at medial-midline in both hemispheres; (3) the duration of Dm effect was longer than that of old/new effect for picture. The present results suggest that the Dm effect of pictures is different from that of words and faces in spatial and temporal distributions. The neural mechanisms of picture encoding and picture retrieval are also different, which indicates that retrieval is not the simple recovery of encoding.     

Relationship between perceptual and semantic levels of representation: An event-related potential study

An event-related potential study was conducted to make clear the relationships between perceptual and semantic levels of representation. Subjects judged the semantic relationship between a picture sample and a word match using the delayed match-to-sample paradigm. The experiment includes three types of matching trials, i.e., identical match trials, where the words had the same meanings as the pictures, categorical match trials where the words matched the pictures in category, and non-match trials where the words matched neither in identification nor in category with the pictures. The three conditions evoke significantly different N400-1ike and P300 ERP components. Specifically, for the N400-1ike negative responses, the averaged amplitude of the non-match condition is the largest and the most negative-going, that of the categorical match condition is less negative-going, and that of the identical match condition is the smallest among all three conditions. In addition, only the identical match condition evokes an early P300 component. As for the late P300 component, the averaged amplitude of the categorical match condition is more robust in the frontal brain areas. In contrast, ERPs of the non-match condition are stronger in the posterior brain areas. From 250 to 450 ms, the difference waves between the identical match and non-match conditions are located in the central areas, and the difference waves between categorical match and non-match conditions occur in the right frontal areas. Our results suggest that cross-form picture-word identical matching and categorical matching involve different underlying mechanisms. The existence of the early P300 component evokes by the identical match condition provides support for theories of template matching and facilitation model.     

Brain Emotional Oscillatory Activity for Anger Revealed by Event-Related Spectral Perturbation

In order to find out the special cognitive emotional information to reach good accuracy in the recognition of anger emotions, the brain emotional oscillatory activity induced by relaxation and anger affective pictures is investigated in the amplitude measurement. A visual evoked affective experiment is designed and carried out to collect the electroencephalogram(EEG)data labeled with anger and relaxation emotion states. Twenty-one healthy college students(female 9, male 12) are employed to stimulate emotion by different affective pictures. Event-Related Spectral Perturbation(ERSP) is used to discover the pronounced features of anger tendency prediction in the time-frequency domain. ERSP maps exhibit that there is a difference between the female and male group, which is statistically significant within the 150-250 ms and 350-450 ms time range of alpha band. The male group is more susceptible to anger than female group, while the female group is faster in emotional regulation than the male group.These feature values could be used to identify the tendency of angry emotion, which can provide certain reference basis for further research on the predict the tendency of aggressive behavior.     

Asymmetric neurocognitive representation of ethnic in-group/out-group faces

To investigate asymmetric neurocognitive representation of ethnic in-group and out-group members, we recorded event-related potentials （ERPs） to faces in a perceptual task after the faces had been primed with positive or negative affective links. The affective link priming did not influence the ERPs to ethnic out-group faces. However, relative to the positive affective link priming, the negative affective link priming increased the amplitudes of an early frontal negativity （N100） and a following central negativity but decreased the amplitude of a late positive potential elicited by ethnic in-group faces. Moreover, the N100 amplitude correlated with the degree of negative attitudes towards ethnic in-group faces. The findings suggest that multiple-level neural mechanisms are involved in individuation of heterogeneous ethnic in-group faces.     

感情色彩双字词内隐加工的ERP研究

以汉语情感词系统中的汉语双字词作实验材料,记录20名大学生在执行情绪词汇判定任务时的事件相关电位(ERP), 初步探讨被试对汉语感情色彩双字词进行内隐加工时的脑内时程动态变化.结果显示:正性词或负性词诱发的ERP波幅比中性词诱发的ERP波幅大,而正性词与负性词诱发的ERP波幅之间差异不显著.正性词和负性词诱发的晚正成分(LPC)都是左半球大于右半球,右半球优势和愉悦度优势均不明显.研究结果提供了感情色彩双字词内隐加工的情绪效应及其优势半球的电生理学证据.     

ERP comparison of emotional activity between emotion-facilitation and emotion-interference children

A subliminal emotional Stroop experiment was carried out on 24 5-year-old children with event-related potential (ERP) recording. The children were separated into emotion-facilitation (EF) and emotion-interference (EI) groups based on their behavioral reaction times in emotional and neutral conditions. ERP result of these two groups showed different brain mechanisms of emotional related processing. When processing the emotional stimuli (negative or positive emotional facial pictures), the EI group activated more at the early stage of cognitive processing which was shown as an increase of P2 amplitude, while the lack of resources at the late stage of processing caused less activation which was shown as a decrease of N4 amplitude. The EF group had a reversed processing pattern as the EI group. For all groups of children, the left hemisphere was more sensitive to emotional processing. Furthermore, the positive and negative emotional information showed a similar pattern in the emotional and cognitive processing.     

ERP comparison of emotional activity between emotion-facilitation and emotion-interference children

A subliminal emotional Stroop experiment was carried out on 24 5-year-old children with event-related potential (ERP) recording. The children were separated into emotion-facilitation (EF) and emotion-interference (EI) groups based on their behavioral reaction times in emotional and neutral conditions. ERP result of these two groups showed different brain mechanisms of emotional related processing. When processing the emotional stimuli (negative or positive emotional facial pictures), the EI group activated more at the early stage of cognitive processing which was shown as an increase of P2 amplitude, while the lack of resources at the late stage of processing caused less activation which was shown as a decrease of N4 amplitude. The EF group had a reversed processing pattern as the EI group. For all groups of children, the left hemisphere was more sensitive to emotional processing. Furthermore, the positive and negative emotional information showed a similar pattern in the emotional and cognitive processing.     

基于多尺度特征融合的图片情感分布学习

视觉情感分析旨在分析人们对视觉刺激的情感反映,近年来受到了共享平台和网络社交等多媒体视觉数据相关领域的关注.传统的图片情感分析侧重于单标签的情感分类,忽略了图片表达的情感的复杂性和图像潜在的情绪分布信息,不能体现出图片所表达的不同情绪之间的相关性.针对以上问题,首先采用ViT和ResNet网络进行全局和局部融合的多尺度情感特征提取,通过主导情绪分类和标签分布学习进行图片情感识别,充分表征图片的复杂情感.在公开的Flickr_LDL数据集和Twitter_LDL数据集上取得了显著的效果,证明了提出方法的有效性.     

不同足球水平女大学生反应抑制能力的差异及其脑结构基础

采用磁共振成像技术,结合Stop-Signal任务范式测评不同足球训练水平女大学生反应抑制能力的差异并探究其脑结构基础．34名被试按照足球训练水平分为对照组（CG）、业余组(AG)和专业组(PG),采用Stop-Signal任务评估反应抑制能力;基于体素形态学对T1结构像进行组间差异分析,并进行FDR校正;采用相关分析探究反应抑制能力和差异脑区之间的关系．结果表明:1）与CG相比,PG和AG的反应时分别缩短48和44 ms（P<0.05）;PG、AG较CG的停止信号反应时分别减少116和96 ms（P<0.05）,PG较AG停止信号反应时显著减少10 ms（P<0.05）;PG(57%)抑制正确率显著高于CG(55%)（P<0.05）．2）与CG相比,PG右侧小脑Crus1、丘脑、中央前后回及小脑蚓部Ⅷ,左侧小脑Crus1、苍白球、丘脑,灰质体积显著增大（P<0.05, FDR）;PG较AG右侧梭状回、中央前回、左侧扣带中回灰质体积显著增大（P<0.001）;AG较CG在双侧苍白球灰质体积显著增大（P<0.001）．3）小脑蚓部Ⅷ灰质密度和反应时存在显著负相关（P<0.05, r= ?0.12）;停止信号反应时与右侧丘脑(P<0.05, r= ?0.41)、左侧苍白球(P<0.01, r= ?0.49)呈显著负相关;抑制正确率与右侧梭状回(P<0.05, r=0.46)、左侧苍白球（P<0.01, r=0.47）呈显著正相关．长期足球训练显著提高女大学生反应抑制能力,且反应抑制能力与小脑蚓部Ⅷ、左侧苍白球、右侧丘脑、右侧梭状回灰质密度显著相关．推测长期足球训练通过诱导基底神经节、小脑灰质体积的变化来调节反应抑制能力的提升．因为本文采用了横断面研究,不能得出反应抑制和足球训练之间的直接因果关系,但在一定程度上表明二者之间存在显著相关关系．因此,后续还需要更多纵向对照研究,进一步确定因果关系．      

基于MSVR和Arousal Valence情感模型的表情识别研究

通常的表情识别方法是对基本情绪进行表情分类,然而基本情绪对情感的表达能力有限。为了丰富情感的表达,研究采用Arousal-Valence情感模型,从心理学的角度对Arousal-Valence模型中Arousal维度和Valence维度之间的相关性进行了分析,并用统计学方法对AVEC2013,NVIE和Recola 3个数据集进行研究,实验结果表明它们之间具有正相关关系。为了利用Arousal-Valence 之间的相关性,采用多输出支持向量回归（multiple dimensional output support vector regression,MSVR）算法作为表情的训练和预测算法,并结合特征融合和决策融合提出了一种基于MSVR的两层融合表情识别方法。实验结果表明提出的表情识别方法比传统的方法能取得更好的识别效果。     

基于时频域组合特征的脑电信号情感分类算法

为了提高基于脑电信号(electroencephalogram, EEG)情感识别的准确率,提取了脑电信号的时域与频域特征,并且将其进行组合形成时频域组合特征,作为不同识别模型下的输入。采用集成决策树(bagging tree, BT)、贝叶斯线性分析(Bayesian linear discriminant analysis, BLDA)、线性判别分析(linear discriminant analysis, LDA)及支持向量机(support vector machine, SVM)四种浅层机器学习算法对EEG在效价与唤醒度上进行二分类情感识别。实验结果表明,DEAP数据集在效价上,基于时频域组合特征在BT分类器下的识别精度平均达到92.54%,在唤醒度维度上基于时频域组合特征在SVM下平均识别精度达到94.62%。     

Deep Learning-Based Classification of the Polar Emotions of “Moe”-Style Cartoon Pictures

The cartoon animation industry has developed into a huge industrial chain with a large potential market involving games, digital entertainment, and other industries. However, due to the coarse-grained classification of cartoon materials, cartoon animators can hardly find relevant materials during the process of creation. The polar emotions of cartoon materials are an important reference for creators as they can help them easily obtain the pictures they need. Some methods for obtaining the emotions of cartoon pictures have been proposed, but most of these focus on expression recognition. Meanwhile, other emotion recognition methods are not ideal for use as cartoon materials. We propose a deep learning-based method to classify the polar emotions of the cartoon pictures of the "Moe" drawing style. According to the expression feature of the cartoon characters of this drawing style, we recognize the facial expressions of cartoon characters and extract the scene and facial features of the cartoon images. Then, we correct the emotions of the pictures obtained by the expression recognition according to the scene features. Finally, we can obtain the polar emotions of corresponding picture. We designed a dataset and performed verification tests on it, achieving 81.9% experimental accuracy. The experimental results prove that our method is competitive.     

注重培养学生的艺术思维

对工艺美术类的学生，在语文教学中要有意识地培养艺术思维，主要可以通过三方面的速径：一是启迪思想，再现画面，将课文中的描述进行合理大胆的想象，并在头脑中出现栩栩如生的画面，有身临其境之感。二是激发情感活动，对语文教材中的名篇佳作进行分析，让学生去理解、去体会，使之与作者共振共鸣，并促进学生的艺术构思和艺术创造能力。三是加强移情训练，要求学生对客观事物进行体验，达到物我交触、物我同一的境地，萌发出强烈的创作冲动。     

体育游戏在身体素质教学中的运用与研究

本文针对学校普遍存在的身体素质教学方法单一的问题进行研究,力求找到适合于学生身心的练习方法和手段,发挥体育原有的教育价值和健身功能,使传统的身体素质教学变得有活力,使枯燥无味的练习变得有生机,使学生被动学习变成主动参与,使身体素质练习达到育体、育心功能,丰富生活,调剂情绪,交流情感,融洽群体意识,让学生体会快乐体育的氛围,促进学生身心健康发展。     

老年人和青年人的共情差异——积极与消极情绪的分离

结合自评问卷和行为任务两种测量方式,比较老年人与青年人的共情差异。研究1采用人际反应指数量表(IRI),以280名老年人和304名青年人为研究对象,探究两个年龄组被试基于自评问卷的共情差异。研究2使用多维共情测试(MET),以71名老年人和74名青年人为研究对象,进一步比较两个年龄组被试基于行为任务的共情差异。研究结果显示:1)与青年人相比,无论是基于自评问卷还是行为任务,老年人的认知共情均显著下降;2)与青年人相比,老年人对消极情绪的情绪共情显著下降,但对积极情绪的情绪共情无显著变化;3)老年人对积极情绪的情绪共情显著高于消极情绪,青年人对这两种效价情绪的认知共情和情绪共情均无显著差异。结果表明,从青年期到老年期,对积极情绪和消极情绪的共情能力存在分离性的发展特征。     

肾气丸对衰老大鼠心肌、肝脏细胞凋亡及线粒体膜电位的影响

目的：观察肾气丸对D-半乳糖（D-gal）致衰老模型大鼠心肌、肝脏细胞凋亡及线粒体膜电位的影响.方法：Wistar大鼠随机分为4组,每组10只：正常组,模型组,肾气丸低、高剂量组.制备D-gal大鼠衰老模型,采用流式细胞技术观察心肌、肝脏细胞凋亡及线粒体膜电位变化,ELISA法测定心肌、肝脏组织超氧化物歧化酶（Superoxide Dismutase,SOD）、丙二醛（Malomdialdehvde,MDA）含量变化.结果：与模型组比较,肾气丸组大鼠心肌、肝脏细胞凋亡率明显下降（P ＜0.05或P＜0.01）,线粒体膜电位明显升高（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）;心肌、肝脏组织SOD含量均明显升高（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）,MDA含量明显下降（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）.结论：肾气丸可阻断衰老大鼠心肌、肝脏细胞线粒体膜电位的下降,抑制细胞凋亡,其作用机理与肾气丸提高心肌、肝脏组织抗氧化功能有关.     

发动机进气门流场数值模拟及其阻尼特性分析

用任意拉格朗日-欧拉（ALE）计算方法对发动机进气门附近的气体流动进行数值模拟研究;针对两种典型结构的进气门,在对气体流动进行数值模拟及阻尼特性进行分析的基础上,分别给出局部阻力因数与气门开度及初始条件的关系曲线,计算结果表明：圆角气门对流动有整流作用,并使气流阻力变小;而直角气门产生的涡流较强,能量损失大;故直角气门的局部损失因数较圆角气门的局部损失因数大得多,计算结果与传统设计基本吻合,从而为发动机进气道及气门的气动设计提供了新方法。     

内隐条件下性别对恐惧刺激加工的影响

采用内隐范式研究了性别差异对恐惧刺激加工的影响.实验一:在533张图片中选出50张图片,这些图片在唤醒度上是匹配的,但是在恐惧度和效价上是不匹配的;实验二:采用双向oddball范式,要求被试区分标准刺激和偏差刺激的内隐范式,研究性别差异对恐惧刺激加工的影响.结果发现:在内隐条件下,男性对中性刺激和恐惧刺激的反应时和正确率不存在显著差异,女性对恐惧刺激的反应显著快于对中性刺激的反应,且在正确率上对恐惧刺激的反应更加准确.女性对恐惧刺激的反应优势可能存在生物进化上的原因.     

基于局部保持投影和RBF神经网络的DOA估计

提出了一种有效的降维构建方法改善来波到达角（DOA）估计的性能。该方法利用局部保持投影（LPP）对DOA估计用的神经网络的训练样本进行降维,以降低神经网络的复杂度,加快神经网络的训练过程。与常用的协方差矩阵上三角特征相比,在不损失有效方位信息的基础上,可以使特征维数极大地降低。数值实验表明,基于局部保持投影和神经网络的方法具有良好的估计精度和效率,同时对噪声也有较强的适应能力,能够很好地满足波达方向估计实时性的要求。