具有良好可再生性的新型二氧化硅磁性氧化石墨烯纳米复合材料

Graphene oxide (GO) wrapped Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by coating the Fe₃O₄ NPs with a SiO₂ layer, and then modifying by amino groups, which interact with the GO nanosheets to form covalent bonding. The SiO₂ coating layer plays a key role in integrating the magnetic nanoparticles with the GO nanosheets. The effect of the amount of SiO₂ on the morphology, structure, adsorption, and regenerability of the composites was studied in detail. An appropriate SiO₂ layer can effectively induce the GO nanosheets to completely wrap the Fe₃O₄ NPs, forming a core-shell Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO composite where Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ NPs are firmly encapsulated by GO nanosheets. The optimized Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO sample exhibits a high saturated adsorption capacity of 253 mg·g?1 Pb(II) cations from wastewater, and the adsorption process is well fitted by Langmuir adsorption model. Notably, the composite displays excellent regeneration, maintaining a ~90% adsorption capacity for five cycles, while other samples decrease their adsorption capacity rapidly. This work provides a theoretical guidance to improve the regeneration of the GO-based adsorbents.     

微波预处理对复杂铜矿磨矿及浮选动力学的影响

The effect of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ on the reduction roasting and magnetic separation of high-phosphorus iron ore containing phosphorus in the form of Fe₃PO₇ and apatite was investigated. The results revealed that Na₂CO₃ had the most significant effect on iron recovery and dephosphorization, followed by CaCO₃, the effect of CaF₂ was negligible. The mechanisms of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM–EDS). Without additives, Fe₃PO₇ was reduced to elemental phosphorus and formed an iron–phosphorus alloy with metallic iron. The addition of CaCO₃ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to generate an enormous amount of Ca₃(PO₄)₂ and promoted the reduction of iron oxides. However, the growth of iron particles was inhibited. With the addition of Na₂CO₃, the phosphorus in Fe₃PO₇ migrated to nepheline and Na₂CO₃ improved the reduction of iron oxides and growth of iron particles. Therefore, the recovery of iron and the separation of iron and phosphorus were the best. In contrast, CaF₂ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to form fine Ca₃(PO₄)₂ particles scattered around the iron particles, making the separation of iron and phosphorus difficult.     

不同硅饱和系数水榴石的碳酸化分解动力学

Carbonated decomposition of hydrogarnet is one of the vital reactions of the calcification–carbonation method, which is designed to dispose of low-grade bauxite and Bayer red mud and is a novel eco-friendly method. In this study, the effect of the silica saturation coefficient (x) on the carbonation of hydrogarnet was investigated from the kinetic perspective. The results indicated that the carbonation of hydrogarnets with different x values (x = 0.27, 0.36, 0.70, and 0.73) underwent two stages with significantly different rates, and the kinetic mechanisms of the two stages can be described by the kinetic functions R3 and D3. The apparent activation energies at Stages 1 and 2 were 41.96–81.64 and 14.80–34.84 kJ/mol, respectively. Moreover, the corresponding limiting steps of the two stages were interfacial chemical reaction and diffusion.     

一种超重力燃烧合成制备高性能高熵合金的新方法

A new method of high-gravity combustion synthesis (HGCS) followed by post-treatment (PT) is reported for preparing high-performance high-entropy alloys (HEAs), Cr_0.9FeNi_2.5V_0.2Al_0.5 alloy, whereby cheap thermite powder is used as the raw material. In this process, the HEA melt and the ceramic melt are rapidly formed by a strong exothermic combustion synthesis reaction and completely separated under a high-gravity field. Then, the master alloy is obtained after cooling. Subsequently, the master alloy is sequentially subjected to conventional vacuum arc melting (VAM), homogenization treatment, cold rolling, and annealing treatment to realize a tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation of 1250 MPa, 1075 MPa, and 2.9%, respectively. The present method is increasingly attractive due to its low cost of raw materials and the intermediate product obtained without high-temperature heating. Based on the calculation of phase separation kinetics in the high-temperature melt, it is expected that the final alloys with high performance can be prepared directly across master alloys with higher high-gravity coefficients.     

利用皮秒激光烧蚀制备非球形铝纳米颗粒

We report the picosecond laser ablation of aluminum targets immersed in a polar organic liquid (chloroform, CHCl₃) with ~2 ps laser pulses at an input energy of ~350 μJ. The synthesized aluminum nanoparticles exhibited a surface plasmon resonance peak at ~340 nm. Scanning electron microscopy images of Al nanoparticles demonstrated the spherical morphology with an average size of (27 ± 3.6) nm. The formation of smaller spherical Al nanoparticles and the diminished growth could be from the formation of electric double layers on the Al nanoparticles. In addition to spherical aluminum nanoparticles, triangular/pentagonal/hexagonal nanoparticles were also observed in the colloidal solution. Field emission scanning electron microscopy images of ablated Al targets demonstrated laser induced periodic surface structures (LIPSSs), which were the high spatial frequency LIPSSs (HSF-LIPSSs) since their grating period was ~280 nm. Additionally, coarse structures with a period of ~700 nm were observed.     

窄板坯结晶器内连铸工艺参数对钢液流场的影响

Computational simulations and high-temperature measurements of velocities near the surface of a mold were carried out by using the rod deflection method to study the effects of various operating parameters on the flow field in slab continuous casting (CC) molds with narrow widths for the production of automobile exposed panels. Reasonable agreement between the calculated results and measured subsurface velocities of liquid steel was obtained under different operating parameters of the CC process. The simulation results reveal that the flow field in the horizontal plane located 50 mm from the meniscus can be used as the characteristic flow field to optimize the flow field of molten steel in the mold. Increases in casting speed can increase the subsurface velocity of molten steel and shift the position of the vortex core downward in the downward circulation zone. The flow field of liquid steel in a 1040 mm-wide slab CC mold can be improved by an Ar gas flow rate of 7 L·min?1 and casting speed of 1.7 m·min?1. Under the present experimental conditions, the double-roll flow pattern is generally stable at a submerged entry nozzle immersion depth of 170 mm.     

电渣重熔脱硫技术研究进展

Electroslag remelting (ESR) gives a combination of liquid metal refining and solidification structure control. One of the typical aspects of liquid metal refining during ESR for the advanced steel and alloy production is desulfurization. It involves two patterns, i.e., slag–metal reaction and gas–slag reaction (gasifying desulfurization). In this paper, the advances in desulfurization practices of ESR are reviewed. The effects of processing parameters, including the initial sulfur level of consumable electrode, remelting atmosphere, deoxidation schemes of ESR, slag composition, melting rate, and electrical parameters on the desulfurization in ESR are assessed. The interrelation between desulfurization and sulfide inclusion evolution during ESR is discussed, and advancements in the production of sulfur-bearing steel at a high-sulfur level during ESR are described. The remaining challenges for future work are also proposed.     

Mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al2O3?Na2O system during high-temperature sintering

The mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al₂O₃?Na₂O system during the high-temperature sintering process were systematically investigated using DSC?TG, XRD, SEM?EDS, FTIR, and Raman spectra, and the crystal structure of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was also simulated by Material Studio software. The results indicated that the minerals formed during the sintering process included Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀, CaO·Al₂O₃, and 12CaO·7Al₂O₃, and the content of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ could reach 92wt% when sintered at 1200°C for 30 min. The main formation stage of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ occurred at temperatures from 970 to 1100°C, and the content could reach 82wt% when the reaction temperature increased to 1100°C. The crystal system of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was tetragonal, and the cells preferred to grow along crystal planes (110) and (210). The formation of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was an exothermic reaction that followed a secondary reaction model, and its activation energy was 223.97 kJ/mol.     

含细夹层的分矿充填层中流动特性的可视化

Ore particles, especially fine interlayers, commonly segregate in heap stacking, leading to undesirable flow paths and changeable flow velocity fields of packed beds. Computed tomography (CT), COMSOL Multiphysics, and MATLAB were utilized to quantify pore structures and visualize flow behavior inside packed beds with segregated fine interlayers. The formation of fine interlayers was accompanied with the segregation of particles in packed beds. Fine particles reached the upper position of the packed beds during stacking. CT revealed that the average porosity of fine interlayers (24.21%) was significantly lower than that of the heap packed by coarse ores (37.42%), which directly affected the formation of flow paths. Specifically, the potential flow paths in the internal regions of fine interlayers were undeveloped. Fluid flowed and bypassed the fine interlayers and along the sides of the packed beds. Flow velocity also indicated that the flow paths easily gathered in the pore throat where flow velocity (1.8 × 10?5 m/s) suddenly increased. Fluid stagnant regions with a flow velocity lower than 0.2 × 10?5 m/s appeared in flow paths with a large diameter.     

分形特征下降雨诱发砂土泥石流启动机理

利用分形理论计算不同颗粒含量砂土的粒度分维值,开展降雨条件下砂土泥石流启动模型试验,分析试验现象、位移场及含水率变化情况,总结分形特征下泥石流的启动机理。研究结果表明：粒度分维值随细粒含量的增加而增大,坡体发生明显现象的时间越早,泥石流启动的总体历时越长。分维值较大时,以坡表侵蚀破坏为主,坡表整体位移均匀,启动历时长;雨水分布不均匀,滑动带内外含水率差异显著,持水时间长;分维值较小时,以滑坡型破坏为主,启动历时短,产生位移大;雨水运动以渗流为主,土体抗剪强度降低,滑动带内外含水率差异减小,持水时间逐渐消失。分维值大小适中时,以过渡型破坏为主,泥石流启动时位移最小,历时较长,灾害程度最轻。     

西藏措勤中-新生代沉积盆地演化

措勤盆地位于西藏冈底斯地块中西段,是在古生界褶皱基底上发展起来的一个中-新生代盆地.通过对措勤盆地内发育的构造、地层、岩石及沉积相综合分析,讨论了措勤盆地与喜马拉雅构造带和班公-怒江构造带的对应演化关系,反演了措勤盆地的地质发展历史.其演化经历了盆地基底形成阶段(D-P)、复合弧后盆地演化阶段(J-E2)和高原隆升盆地消亡三个阶段(Es-现今).     

超声一紫外法测定土壤中石油类物质含量

以三氯甲烷作为提取剂抽提土壤中的石油类物质时,最佳超声提取条件是：超声波功率为２５Ｗ,室温下超声提取１５ｍｉｎ,每个样品提取２次,每次加入提取剂２０ｍＬ。将提取物中的溶剂蒸发后,用石油醚溶解残余物,再用紫外分光光度法进行测定。该方法的线性范围宽,精密度和准确度好,相对标准偏差为１８０％,加标回收率为９５３％,最低检出限为０．００３ｍｇ／ｇ。     

三维电极电解法处理生活污水的研究

采用三维电极电解法对生活污水的处理进行了研究,考察了槽电压、停留时间、污水的pH值和电导率对处理效果的影响,并对电解机理进行了初步探讨。实验表明:生活污水的最佳处理槽电压为12 V,停留时间为80 min左右,CODCr的去除率在70％以上,处理电耗受原水电导率影响很大。三维电极电解法具有操作简便、能耗较低等特点,是处理生活污水的一条新途径。     

高效液相色谱法测定柯柯豆碱母液中柯柯豆碱、咖啡因的含量

控制提取工艺需要测定柯柯豆碱母液中柯柯豆碱、咖啡因的含量。采用高效液相色谱法测定柯柯豆碱母液中柯柯豆碱、咖啡因的含量 ,以 C8柱为色谱柱 ,以 V(体积分数为 0 .0 0 4 5 %的高氯酸 )∶ V(乙腈 ) =80∶ 2 0为流动相 ,检测波长为 2 80 nm,柯柯豆碱与咖啡因色谱峰的分离度大于 4 ,线性范围为 10～ 80μg/ m L ,相关系数大于0 .999,回收率大于 99.0 %。     

意识的三重形式及其相互关系

意识的形式是由三重结构组成的系统。意识的第一重形式是物质运动形式，其表现是人脑的生物电运动；第二重形式是信息处理形式，其表现是人的感性认识和理性认识；第三重形式是符号表达形式，其表现是人类的各种语言。物质运动形式是意识产生和存在的生理基础，信息处理形式是人类意识的本质表现，符号表达形式则是意识的外化。三共同构成了意识的形式系统。     

基于FPGA和CIS的PCB检孔系统

介绍了一种基于现场可编程门阵列（FPGA）和接触式图像传感器（CIS）的印刷电路板检孔系统。该系统检测宽度为216 mm,分辨率为200 dpi。系统以现场可编程门阵列作为控制核心,以接触式图像传感器为图像采集工具,分析了它的工作时序,完成了对印刷线路板的图像采集;通过控制TLC5540,实现了图像数据的模数转换,利用...     

经济树种苗木对二氧化硫和二氧化氮的抗性分析

应用人工熏气箱法研究了我国北方主要经济树种苗木对二氧化硫和二氧化氮的抗性,结果表明:在同等浓度下,对二氧化氮的抗性要比二氧化硫强;两种污染物对植物的伤害症状有所不同;对二氧化硫的抗性以银杏为最强,与白蜡树相当,其次为海棠果和杜梨,桃树的抗性最差,与樱花相似,而针叶树的抗性明显要低于阔叶树;对二氧化氮的抗性以银杏为最强,与悬铃木相似,其次为杜梨、柿树,无花果和杏树最差,针叶树的抗性较强.研究结果为经济林树种在城市绿化中的应用提供了一定的理论依据.     

超声降粘实验研究

通过实验,研究了超声对原油的降粘效果,比较了不同含水率时超声对原油降粘作用的大小,发现原油含水率为32％时,降粘率仅为22．4％。含水率为50％时,降粘率可以达到83％,但此进形成的乳状液不稳定,在原油中掺入表面活性剂,再经超声处理后,形成的乳状液比较稳定,其粘度也较小。     

变频调速牵引采煤机的PLC控制系统

以提高采煤机可靠性和工作效率为目的设计了变频调速牵引采煤机.介绍了控制系统的总体组成和PLC的电气控制线路,并采用梯形图编程方法完成了PLC的软件编程.应用三菱公司的FX-PCS-DU-WIN-C编程界面,编制了触摸屏的实时显示画面,实现了对采煤机工作状态的在线监测和故障诊断.两台变频器采用主/从控制方法,对左/右牵引电机进行一拖一控制,实现了牵引变频调速四象限运行.