复合胶体作用于Sr在花岗岩裂隙填充物中吸附行为研究

放射性废物地质处置过程中,核素在固液界面的吸附行为对核废物安全处置具有重要影响。本文以高放废物处置场花岗岩裂隙填充物为研究对象,通过批实验和微观表征技术研究了复合胶体作用下Sr在花岗岩裂隙填充物中的吸附规律。结果表明:腐殖酸胶体与针铁矿胶体结合成为有机–无机复合胶体的方式,主要依靠针铁矿胶体中所含羟基与腐殖酸胶体中所含羧基发生配位体交换反应,复合胶体以针铁矿胶体为主导,腐殖酸附着在针铁矿胶体表面;pH和固液比对复合胶体体系对Sr的吸附行为影响较大;通过改变溶液中Sr离子初始浓度进行等温吸附方程的拟合表明,该吸附体系的吸附为单层吸附且反应更快。结果可为放射性废物处理场中Sr的吸附行为提供科学规律认识。      

改性柚子皮对镉离子的吸附及动力学研究

以生物质废弃物柚子皮为原料对工业废水中的镉离子进行吸附.考察金属离子初始浓度、吸附剂用量、溶液pH、吸附温度和吸附时间对镉离子的吸附情况,从而确定最佳的吸附条件,并对吸附性能进行动力学研究.结果表明,吸附温度为25 ℃、溶液pH=5、吸附剂的用量为7 g·L -1 、吸附时间为120 min、镉离子的初始浓度100 mg·L -1 条件下,柚子皮对镉离子的吸附率达到96.45%以上;通过用准一级动力学模型和准二级动力学模型进行数据拟合,结果显示吸附反应符合准二级动力学方程;红外光谱结果显示,参与吸附反应的主要官能团为羟基、羰基和羧基.     

硅藻土对腐殖酸的吸附动力学研究

利用准一级动力学模型、准二级动力学模型、Elovich模型和双常数模型对硅藻土吸附腐殖酸进行动力学拟合,利用Langmuir、Freundlich、Temkin和Koble-Corrigan模型对硅藻土吸附腐殖酸进行热力学研究.动力学研究结果表明,与其他模型相比,线性准二级动力学模型更适合于描述硅藻土对腐殖酸的吸附,该吸附反应为化学吸附;热力学研究表明,Langmuir方程更加适合描述硅藻土对腐殖酸的吸附行为,ΔH0为正值,表明该吸附反应为吸热反应,ΔG0为负值,表明该吸附过程可自发进行.     

纤蛇纹石吸附Cu(Ⅱ)的动力学及热力学研究

研究纤蛇纹石对铜离子的吸附行为,探讨初始溶液pH、温度和铜离子初始浓度对吸附动力学的影响,进行吸附等温线的测定和热力学计算.研究结果表明:当温度为25～60℃,pH为2～4,铜离子初始浓度为10～100mmol/L时,Cu(Ⅱ)的吸附动力学数据均符合准二级反应动力学模型;吸附量随反应温度、初始pH和溶液初始浓度的增加而增加;等温吸附曲线符合Langmuir等温吸附模型,吸附过程以单层吸附为主;反应的吉布斯自由能为负值,焓变为20.427 kJ/mol,熵变为109.424 J/(mol·K),说明吸附是一个自发进行的物理吸附过程.     

椰壳炭吸附去除四环素性能及机理研究

资源化利用椰壳炭作为吸附剂去除水中四环素,对其进行了详细表征,研究了pH值、椰壳炭投加量、四环素初始质量浓度对吸附性能的影响,并探究了吸附机理.结果表明,椰壳炭以微孔和介孔为主,比表面积达478.45 m²·g^-1.初始质量浓度为50 mg·L^-1的四环素废水,投加500 mg·L^-1椰壳炭,处理15 min,去除率可达98%.椰壳炭对四环素的吸附符合Langmuir等温吸附模型,以单分子层表面吸附为主,吸附过程符合准一级吸附动力学模型,主要为物理吸附.     

微生物腐败物对U(VI)的吸附动力学与热力学研究

为了解微生物腐败物对U(VI)的作用,通过扩大培养微生物,令其自然死亡腐败,制备了微生物腐败物。通过静态实验,对不同pH、反应时间、温度和铀初始质量浓度对微生物腐败物吸附铀的影响进行了研究,并进行了动力学和热力学分析。结果表明,pH、反应温度和铀初始质量浓度均是影响吸附的重要因素,吸附量随着铀初始质量浓度的增加而增加,反应在pH=4,温度为30 ℃时吸附效果最佳,吸附量为11.922 mg/g,吸附平衡时间为90 min。微生物腐败物对U(VI)的吸附动力学符合准一级动力学模型,表明吸附过程以物理吸附为主。吸附热力学研究发现其对U(VI)吸附过程符合Freundlich等温线模型,表明吸附作用过程主要为从外层扩散到内层的多层吸附。     

东北地区农田土壤对Cd2+的吸附特性研究

以东北农田黑土土壤为吸附剂,研究对Cd2+的吸附动力学、热力学吸附过程及影响因素.结果表明:土壤吸附Cd2+在60 min内达到吸附平衡,准二级动力学模型模拟吸附动力学过程效果最好(R2=0.999 3).通过Web-Morris颗粒内扩散模型和Boyd模型分析,发现吸附过程完全受土壤颗粒内扩散控制,吸附速率由膜扩散控...     

孔雀石绿在煤质活性炭和桃核活性炭上吸附行为的理论分析

选取由无烟煤和桃核制备的商用活性炭,考察了25～45℃,初始浓度60～200 mg/L下,它们对水溶液中孔雀石绿的吸附时间和平衡吸附量.通过准一级动力学模型、准二级动力学模型和粒子内扩散动力学模型,分析了吸附动力学;通过Langmuir模型和Freundlich模型对吸附平衡进行了研究.结果表明,虽然煤质炭和桃核炭对孔雀石绿的吸附行为不同,但是准二级动力学模型和Langmuir模型均可以拟合实验数据,这说明它们对孔雀石绿的吸附机理是相同的.通过关联孔结构参数,发现活性炭的比表面积是影响吸附性能的关键因素.     

NaClO改性ACFs对水中铜的吸附动力学和热力学研究

为改善活性炭纤维(ACFs)表面的酸性基团,并提高其对水中重金属离子的去除效率,采用NaClO对ACFs进行氧化改性,研究了吸附时间和温度对水溶液中铜离子的去除影响,用准一级、准二级动力学模型和内扩散模型来研究铜离子在改性ACFs上的吸附动力学行为。结果表明:铜离子在改性ACFs上的吸附平衡可以在50min内达到,且升高温度可以增加铜离子的去除率。准二级动力学模型可以很好地描述铜离子在改性ACFs的吸附行为,其相关系数R~20.99.根据吸附热力学的分析可知其标准吸附焓变ΔH00,该过程是吸热反应;且活化状态函数值是20.48kJ/mol,表明了该过程是以物理吸附为主。用改性ACFs去除水溶液中铜离子的性能明显比未改性的ACFs高,其去除率从70.2%增加到94.5%.     

低品位锰矿吸附砷(Ⅲ)的化学机理研究

为了研究天然锰矿的化学吸附性能,通过能谱扫描、电镜扫描、X射线衍射、快速电位滴定法和红外官能团检测分析锰矿的基本性质,同时由批次实验探究了吸附时间、砷初始浓度和离子强度对锰矿吸附砷的效率的影响,并分析锰矿吸附砷过程中的吸附动力学、吸附等温线类型、主要官能团和吸附类型。结果显示,锰矿对砷的吸附符合二级动力学吸附模型和Freundlich吸附等温线模型,Mn-OH、α-Fe OOH和α-Fe2O3为吸附的主要作用基团,吸附类型属于以形成内层配位络合物为主的专性吸附。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the