试谈法官刑事自由裁量权及其规制

法官在刑事司法领域里的自由裁量权,是一个涉及刑事司法公正的重要问题,这个问题的研究,构建公正的刑事司法制度,建立法治社会,均具有重大的理论意义和实践意义。这里阐述了法官刑事自由裁量权的基本含义,分析其存在的必要性及意义,列举了法官刑事自由裁量权在我国现实中出现的问题,提出合理限制法官刑事自由裁量权的几项建议。     

论司法改革的两种机制

司法在一国制度上是以“程序正义‘保障’立法正义”实现的核心环节。司法正义的基础是司法（审判权）的独立，其内动力在于法官之主动性发挥与良知、理智的驱动、因之以外部体制重塑司法机关（法院）的超然地位与公正形象，以内部约束机制去建立一支具有较高专业素质且兼有良好道德品质与职业使命感的法官队伍，就成为决定避法改革能否到位的关键。     

法官如何思考——法官意识形态的选择困境

司法克制主义与能动主义是法官在司法活动中必然面临的司法哲学模式。司法克制主义,由于它表现出的对法律规则及其意图的尊重,使法律有了相当大的可理解性和预期性,得到了广泛的尊崇;而司法能动主义表现出的最大限度地追求个案正义、弥补立法不足等优势也得到了众多支持者的垂青,于是这两种模式的激烈碰撞将法官带入了选择困境。在我国法治建设中,法官应秉持一种温和的能动主义的司法理念,以更好的实现法治,追求正义。     

论法治思想的进化性

法治理想的实现具有进化性，法理念对于法律进化和普遍守法具有决定性的影响，法理念是法治进化的基础，法治要求正义信仰的法理念，法治社会的权威是正义的司法，法官的正义判决使“纸上的法律”成为人们的信仰，因而法律工作者的正义信仰是实现法治的最终保障。     

生态文明与司法文明的辩证关系——兼论司法文明的生态化回应

生态文明的本质和核心是人与自然之间的和谐,对生态文明的界定应以此作为逻辑起点。从共时性的视角来看,生态文明和司法文明同处于现代社会文明的整体框架之下,二者表现出差异性和同一性相统一的关系。无论从自然对人的先在性理论视角还是从保障人权的司法实践层面,生态文明均为司法文明的基础,并拓展了司法文明的内涵;而司法所特有的秉性决定了司法文明是维护和推进生态文明的基本方式。应在生态文明理念的指导下,实现司法观念的生态化转变,并通过对司法制度的创新和生态型法官队伍的培养,充分发挥出现代司法对生态文明建设之独特功能。     

能动司法理论与实践探析

能动司法是在我国国情和借鉴西方司法制度的基础上形成的一种司法理念。由于其在提高司法效能、促进司法正义等方面的特殊作用,已经受到我国法学界和实务界的高度重视。通过对能动司法的现状及其适用正当性、基本规律、价值取向、模式构建等方面的研究,有利于践行具有中国特色的适度的能动司法。     

惩治和预防司法腐败的思考

司法腐败,是指司法工作人员利用法律赋予的司法权力,在履行司法职权的过程中违反法律,执法犯法的行为。它不仅破坏了法律秩序,而且动摇了公众对司法的信任。切实有效地惩治和预防司法腐败,对于提高司法的社会公信力,建设公正、高效、权威的社会主义司法制度,维护社会公平正义具有现实意义。     

论司法能动过程中价值判断的相对确定性

司法能动主义的基本宗旨是强调对法官施加较少的约束从而使法官能够广泛地运用自身的权力去促进公平。司法能动主义的宗旨给法官提供了能够进行广泛价值判断的空间,但是这并不意味着司法能动过程中法官的价值判断是恣意的。本文通过分析法官在进行价值判断时的若干制约因素得出了司法能动过程中法官的价值判断是具有确定性的这一结论。     

论汉密尔顿的司法独立思想

在当前的司法体制改革中,作为资产阶级法律思想———司法独立一度受到批判和指责,现在却成为实现司法公正的关键因素之一。西方法治实践已证明,司法独立不仅是实现司法公正的前提,也是衡量现代法治国家司法文明的重要指标。笔者认为古今中外关于司法独立的经典论述莫过于汉密尔顿的司法独立思想。他提出维护司法独立的核心关键在于保障法官独立性,通过法官任职终身制和工资固定制,才能有效的维护法官独立。通过探究汉密尔顿的司法独立思想以期促进我国司法体制改革。     

程序正义论

司法活动有两个不可或缺的目标:一是实体正义,二是程序正义。程序正义理念起源于西方的自然正义思想,被认为具有自身的独立价值。程序正义是追求实体正义的工具和手段,实体公正的实现必须依赖于程序正义。程序正义与实体正义两者相互一致是最好的结果,但是由于程序本身的不完善性,两者必然会发生冲突。此时程序正义就必然体现出优于实体正义的品质,这也是现代法治社会的必然要求。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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