笼养白头叶猴的食物选择和食物量的研究

研究了笼养条件下白头叶猴觅食的行为序，雌雄个体对食物的选择，夏季和冬季的日食量，笼养白头叶猴的觅食行为序由探究行为，抢食行为，爬墙行为和进食行为等４步组成，除探究行为的持续时间在雌雄个体间有显性差异外，其他行为持续时间无显的性别差异，雌雄个体对食物的选择不同，包括对某一食物的取食先后顺序，取食时间和取食量不同，雄猴和雌猴的日食量夏季分别为（６５９．３±１３６．３）ｇ和（５９０．７±１０６．３）     

金佛山自然保护区黑叶猴个体行为研究

2007年3-12月,在重庆市金佛山自然保护区,采用焦点猴群观察法和连续记录法,通过瞬时扫描行为取样,对野生黑叶猴的个体行为进行了初步研究.结果表明:黑叶猴日活动中出现2个觅食高峰和1个休息高峰.觅食高峰分别出现在7:30-9:30和16:30-19:20;休息高峰出现在10:00-16:00.黑叶猴日活动节律呈明显的季节性变化趋势,表现为冬季上午和下午的觅食高峰各提前约1 h出现,中午还出现一个小的觅食高峰.研究期间猴群用于休息的时间平均占日活动时间分配的60.57%±9.02%;觅食占20.11%±6.87%,移动占11.28%±3.16%,其它行为占8.04%±2.15%.活动时间分配有明显的季节性差异.     

笼养黑叶猴活动时间分配的初步研究

对笼养条件下黑叶猴(Presbytis franclisi)的活动时间分配进行了初步的研究．结果表明：在3个性别年龄组的活动时间分配中，幼年组的运动时间明显高于成年雄性和成年雌性；成年雌性的觅食时间高于成年雄性和幼体，在理毛行为的活动时间分配中，成雄用于自我梳理的时间显著多于给雌性个体理毛的时间，雌(1)接受雌(2)的理毛时间明显多于给雌(2)的理毛时间．日活动节律和时间分配存在季节性变化，表现为从夏季到冬季，室内休息时间减少，运动、觅食、室外休息时间增加，晒太阳时间从无到有的趋势．     

广西弄岗黑叶猴食物的水分含量对食物选择的影响

2005年10月-2006年7月,对弄岗国家级自然保护区的一群黑叶猴Trachypithecus francoisi进行观察,采用瞬时扫描取样法收集有关觅食行为的数据,通过与采食植物水分含量的比较,探讨影响黑叶猴食物选择的因素.结果表明:黑叶猴采食植物不同部位的平均水分含量存在明显差异:嫩叶的水分含量最高,为71.52...     

广西扶绥黑叶猴食物水分含量的研究

2006年1~12月,采用焦点动物取样技术研究了黑叶猴的觅食行为,并测定了黑叶猴食物的水分含量.结果表明,食物中的月平均水分含量在61.1%~76.4%之间,各个月份间食物的平均水分含量有显著性差异(χ2=22.00,df=11,p=0.0240.05).在不同的食物部位中,花、嫩叶、果实、成熟叶的月平均水分含量分别为74.32%、70.69%、62.46%、60.73%.不同生活型的食物平均水分含量不同,其中乔木的水分含量最高(71.43%),其次为藤本植物(68.55%),灌木(67.37%),最低为草本植物(63.03%).黑叶猴取食植物含水分较多的嫩叶部分作为主要的食物,但检验发现黑叶猴全年对食物种类的取食时间与该种类的平均水分含量没有显著的相关关系.因此,食物的水分含量不是影响黑叶猴选择食物种类的决定因素.     

觅食时间和食物可利用性对波尔山羊觅食行为的作用格局

在人工种植的多年生黑麦草草地条件下,采用重复的2×2析因实验设计,以植被高度3.0 cm(-H)和6.0cm(+H)为食物可利用性因子,以觅食时间限制(夜间禁牧,-T)和无觅食时间限制(昼夜放牧,+T)为觅食时间因子,测定觅食时间和食物可利用性对波尔山羊觅食行为、食物摄入量和食物消化率的独立作用及其交互作用.研究结果表明,在排除食物可利用因子的条件下,觅食时间限制处理个体的觅食回合极显著地降低(P<0.01),觅食时间亦极显著地延长(P<0.01);而日总觅食时间则较无觅食时间限制处理个体显著地减少(P<0.01).觅食时间限制处理个体以较大口量觅食,能显著地提高其瞬时摄入率;而无觅食时间限制处理个体则不能使其瞬时摄入率最大化.觅食时间限制处理个体仅在+H条件下,能补偿其因每日觅食时间减少而损失的摄入量.反之,在-H条件下,觅食时间限制处理能降低其总的日摄入量.研究结果充分验证了本文提出的,在低矮植被,大型植食性哺乳动物的日摄入量依赖于其日觅食时间的假设.     

粗纤维对笼养黑叶猴食物选择的影响

2002年3月～12月在广西南宁市动物园,采集小叶榕（Ficus parvifolia）、茉莉花（Jasminum sambac）、胡枝子（Lespedeza bicolor）等14个树种的树叶,投喂3只笼养的黑叶猴（Trachypithacus francoisi）,统计黑叶猴对投喂食物的摄入量,测定食物的粗纤维含量,并对纤维含量与食物摄入量之间进行相关分析和回归分析,探讨纤维含量对黑叶猴食物选择的影响.结果得出,春季,食物中粗纤维含量与黑叶猴食物摄入量无显著性相关（P〉0.05）,夏季、秋季和冬季,食物中粗纤维含量与黑叶猴摄入量呈显著负相关（P〈0.01）,说明黑叶猴倾向于取食粗纤维含量较低的食物,粗纤维含量只是影响黑叶猴食物选择的因素之一.     

黑叶猴春夏季活动时间分配的初步研究

通过对黑叶猴的活动时间分配的研究,探讨影响猴群活动时间分配的内在因素和环境因素,结果表明,在黑叶猴的活动时间分配中,觅食、移动、理毛、休息所占的时间比例分别为14.91%,9.30%,6.50%,69.30%,且其活动时间分配有明显季节性变化,表现为：从春季到夏季,休息时间增加,觅食时间减少,同时,比较了野外和笼养黑叶猴的活动时间分配。生物环境的差异是导致其活动时间分配差异的主要原因。     

消化道穿孔围手术期液体治疗中的正平衡

目的 :探讨消化道穿孔 (DTP)急诊手术病例围手术期液体正平衡与APACHEⅡ评分的关系。方法 :根据APACHEⅡ评分 ,将连续 3 72例DTP病例分为轻症 ( <8分 )、重症 ( 8～ 19分 )和危重病例 (≥ 2 0分 ) 3组 ,比较 3组病例手术前、手术日和术后第 1日的液体正平衡量。结果 :轻症、重症和危重病例术前的液体正平衡量分别为 112 6.91± 414.80mL、2 3 60 .89± 85 7.0 3mL和 3 494.97± 995 .65mL(P <0 .0 1) ;手术日液体正平衡量分别为 2 10 3 .71± 72 8.99mL、40 5 0 .5 6± 10 3 6.3 7mL和 5 743 .95± 12 5 6.2 1mL(P <0 .0 1) ;术后第 1日液体正平衡量分别为 916.81± 5 5 9.62mL、12 11.43± 679.85mL和 15 87.0 9± 73 3 .3 8mL(P <0 .0 1)。结论 :无论是术前、手术当日或术后第 1日 ,DTP病例的液体正平衡量与其APACHEⅡ评分正相关。APACHEⅡ评分可估测DTP病例的液体正平衡量 ,指导其围手术期的液体治疗     

摄食对肉食性乌鳢和草食性鳊幼鱼运动及行为特征的影响

为考查食性和摄食对鱼类运动和行为的影响及两者交互作用,以肉食性鱼类乌鳢(Channa argus)幼鱼和草食性鱼类鳊(Parabramis pekinensis)幼鱼为研究对象,在(25±1)℃的条件下分别测定了实验鱼的自发运动、快速启动能力和隐匿行为的相关指标。结果显示,乌鳢和鳊自发运动速度分别为(9.64±0.67)和(8.40±0.26)cm·s-1,用于运动的时间分别为(15.15±3.69)%和(13.39±3.50)%,均无显著差异;快速启动的最大线速度分别为(1.64±0.18)和(1.99±0.17)mm·ms-1,最大加速度分别为(0.21±0.03)和(0.31±0.03)mm·ms-2,鳊显著高于乌鳢(p<0.05);进入隐匿场所时间比分别为(2.81±0.91)%和(0.15±0.12)%,乌鳢显著高于鳊(p<0.05);摄食对乌鳢和鳊的自发运动水平和快速启动能力均无显著影响,仅导致乌鳢进入隐匿场所时间比显著下降(p<0.05)。研究结果提示,乌鳢和鳊幼鱼均具有较低的自发运动水平、较高的快速启动能力和较低隐匿行为,这一方面与乌鳢幼鱼的捕食方式和生活环境相适应,另一方面也与鳊幼鱼的觅食和避敌方式有关。
     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that