棉花无“62—1”雄性不育的细胞学研究

关于棉花雄性不育的研究,近二十年来发展较快。国外,已发现受隐性核基因控制者五个,受显性核基因控制者三个,并通过杂交获得具哈克尼西棉细胞质雄性不育系。国内,在近十年来,也先后在陆地棉中发现了受隐性核基因控制的洞 A,阆 A、社 A、川 A 等,受显性核基因控制的洞 A_3,新海棉雄性不育,军海棉不育     

棉花“洞A_3”雄性不育小孢子败育的细胞学观察

前言据国外的研究,棉花雄性不育受核基因控制者,有隐性基因和显性基因两类。目前,在陆地棉中,已发现了三个显性核基因 Ms_4、Ms_7、Ms_(10)控制的材料,并对细胞学进行了分析,取得了一定的成果。在国内,除了发现受一对隐性核基因控制的棉花“洞 A”雄性不育系外,还发现了新的受显性核基因控制的新海雄性不育系(属海岛棉)和“洞 A_3”雄性不育     

棉花洞A不育花散粉的原因初探

棉花洞 A 雄性不育,是一个受隐性核基因(msc_1 msc_1)控制的整株不育材料,农艺性状好。现已采用“一系两用法”配制成杂种棉川杂1号、2号、3号,在生产上大面积推广。经研究棉花洞 A 小孢子的败育有一个发展过程,小孢子母细胞基本上能通过减数分裂,而败育主要发生在单核花粉粒时期。故成熟花粉粒绝大多数细胞质退化,形状多样,仅少数花粉粒外形正常,但花药不开裂。采用自交或强迫自交均不成铃。经十年的实践证明:棉花洞 A 雄性不育是彻底而稳定的。     

一种新型茄子雄性不育系的发现和鉴定及遗传分析

为了明确新发现的茄子雄性不育系05ms的育性转换机制和遗传机理,该研究对其进行了生态学、形态学和遗传学分析.结果表明:05ms的雄性育性主要受温度控制,表现为低温不育、高温可育,不育性受1对隐性核基因控制,属温敏核雄性不育系.此类型雄性不育系在低温条件下不育性稳定,可以作为"两系"法制种的基础材料,在生产上具有广阔的应用前景.     

大白菜细胞核雄性不育基因向小白菜中转育的研究

以大白菜核基因雄性不育材料为不育源,根据细胞核复等位基因遗传假说,采用有性杂交方法,将大白菜核不育复等位基因转入小白菜获得了成功,在国内外率先育成了不株率和不育度均为100％的小白菜核基因雄性不育系。提出了小白菜核基因雄性不育系转育遗传模式。     

野栽远缘杂交来源的反向温敏核雄性不育系不育性遗传研究

利用3个来源于野生稻与栽培稻杂交后代的反向温敏不育系R6S、N13S、Tb7S为材料,开展了反向温敏不育系不育性遗传研究,结果表明反向温敏不育系N13S的育性是细胞核内1对隐性基因控制的;Tb7S的育性是受隐性核基因控制的,F2代的育性分离比为9∶7,不育性状表现为2对基因的独立遗传;R6S的F2代育性分离比为37∶27,受细胞核内的3个隐性基因位点分别位于不同染色体上而通过互补作用的独立遗传.为进一步分离、定位及克隆有关这些反向温敏不育基因及发展分子标记辅助选择选育反向温敏不育系奠定了良好的遗传学基础.     

水稻温敏核不育系HD9802S不育性遗传的初步观察

以水稻温敏核不育系HD9802S配组的HD9802S／湘早92和HD9802S／荆楚15的F1和F2代为材料,对这两个杂交早籼稻组合F2群体的花粉育性进行了观察分析．结果表明,F2群体中可育株数和不育株数经卡平方测验符合3：1的理论比例,初步确定温敏核不育系HD9802S的雄性不育性由一对主效隐性核基因控制;同时根据F2群体花粉育性表现出连续分布的特征,推测其雄性不育性还受其他微效基因的影响。     

基因转化创造植物杂种优势利用新方式的途径分析

普通核雄性不育性遗传方式能够满足对植物最佳雄性不育系选育的要求,如果能解决其不育系繁殖问题,将优于现有的其他杂种优势利用方式。借助基因工程技术,通过质体转化、位点特异性重组技术和特殊启动子的利用,操控可育基因和不育基因的表达,可能繁殖出100%不育株率的普通核雄性不育系,创造出普通核雄性不育性利用新途径。     

水稻红莲型细胞质雄性不育性及其恢复性的遗传

以花粉可育率和自然结实率为指标择红莲型细胞质雄性不育系丛系４１Ａ与其恢复系配制的Ｆ１,Ｆ２,ＢＣ１和ＢＣ２等世代的育性表现进行了调查,结果表明,红莲型细胞质雄性不纱丛广４１Ａ属配子体不育,其不育性受一对隐性核主基因和不育细胞质共同控制,其核不育基因与珍汕９７Ａ不等位。     

甘蓝型油菜细胞核雄性不育系“79.7”的遗传及应用研究

对雄性核不育油菜“79.7”作了遗传和应用研究。结果表明,“79.7”雄性不育油菜的不育特性是由两对隐性重叠基因控制的,甘兰型油菜可作它的恢复源。将“79.7”核不育油菜转育成新的低芥、双低及双低黄籽两用系.用低芥两用系组配筛选育成的优质杂交种“蜀杂1号”已在生产上大面积推广使用。     

Mapping the Nuclear Fertility Restorer Gene in Rice with Simple Sequence Length Polymorphism （SSLP）

Bulked segregant analysis (BSA) of a F2 population derived from D62A/Ruby B was used to map the nuclear fertility restorer gene for wild abortive (WA) cytoplasmic male sterility. Three hundred and ninety-seven microsatellite primer pairs which distributed on 12 chromosomes were screened for polymorphisms between the parents and between two bulks representing fertile and sterile plants. One microsatellite marker RM182 located on chromosome 7 produced polymorphic products. The nuclear fertility restorer gene for WA cytoplasmic male sterility was mapped on chromosome 7, 7.4cM from RM182.     

Cytological mechanisms of interspecific incrossability and hybrid sterility between Oryza sativa L. and O. alta Swallen

Oryza sativa and O. alta belong to AA and CCDD genomes in Oryza, respectively. Interspecific repro-ductive isolation limits the transfer of favorable genes from O. alta into O. sativa. The cytological mechanisms of interspecific incrossability and hybrid sterility between O. sativa and O. alta were studied systematically in this paper. We indentified two cytological causes of interspecific incrossabil-ity. First, we observed embryo sac incompatibility that caused fertilization barriers of variable severity such as non-fertilization, fertilization stagnation and egg cell single-fertilization. Second, we observed hybrid inviability, the major cause for incrossability, apparent from hybrid embryo developmental stagnation and embryo abortion. Hybrid sterility included both embryo sac sterility and pollen sterility. The hybrid embryo sac was completely sterile and exhibited mainly embryo sac degeneration. Hybrid pollen was also sterile and mainly typical abortive. Hybrid sterility was mainly caused by severely ab-normal meioses of megasporocytes and pollen mother cells; it is the most important abnormality, being chromosome sterility. Several methods are suggested to overcome the interspecific reproductive iso-lation between O. sativa and O. alta.     

Chromosomal Location of Gene for Earbranching of Barley Natural Mutant ＂f151＂ Using SSR Markers

0　IntroductionHighgrainyieldisoneoftheimportanttargetsinbarleybreeding .Thenumberofgrainsperearisoneofthethreeconstitutivefactorsofyieldinbarley ,andthenumberofspikeletsperearisanimportantfactorwhichaffectsonthenumberofgrainsperear .Earbranching ,differentfromgeneralbranching ,hasbeensuggestedbyAsana (1 970 )asaplanttypewhichbearsagreaternum berofspikeletsandtherebyincreasesthegrainproduc tion[1] .Therefore ,theexcavationandcultivationofear branchingbarleycouldlayasoundfoundationforsignifi c…     

植物雄性不育的原因及类型分析

论述了植物雄性不育的原因、类型及显性和隐性核基因控制雄性不育,重点介绍线粒体、叶绿体、质粒等对雄性不育的作用,从分子水平上进行了分析.对温敏和光敏型雄性不育也作了介绍.从而展示了诱导植物雄性不育和不育材料用于育种的光明前景,并提出了研究中尚存在的问题.     

小麦83A败育和2721恢复力的细胞学观察

小麦不育系83A、41A小孢子母细胞的减数分裂和单核花粉期基本正常.小孢子能通过两次有丝分裂形成三核花粉粒.但在有丝分裂中观察到落后染色体、微核和大小不等的精核.小孢子败育主要发生在三核花粉期及其以后.败育类型属于圆败.其败育原因可能与遗传物的丢失、分配不均和细胞器的分化不良有关.恢复系2721、143和 F_1的花粉大而圆,细胞质充实饱满,花粉活力强,结实率高,故2721和143是较好的恢复系.     

Restorable variation of cytoplasmic type of male sterile line in rice by in vitro culture

Rice male sterile (MS) lines, IR66707A and IR69700A, which possess the cytoplasm of Oryza perennis and O. glumaepatula respectively, belong to the cytoplasmic type. Their sterility could be maintained but not be restored. By somatic cell culture of these two MS lines, 47 somaclones with 465 R1 plants were obtained. All of the 465 R1 plants were sterile in the spring season in Guangzhou. According to the expression of the R1 plants and the level of similarity to their donor parents, they could be divided into three types. The plants of type Ⅰ were male sterile. The sterility of some somaclones of this type could be restored by the test crossing varieties or alternated to fertile by changes of some environmental conditions. The hybrid F1 of test cross from the MS somaclones in type Ⅰ was fertile while the hybrid F1 from the donor MS lines was still sterile. The R1 plants of type Ⅱ were similar to the donor parents and also male sterile. The hybrid F1 from all of the plants of type Ⅱ crossed to test variety were still sterile, so they did not possess restorability. For the somaclone of type Ⅲ, all of R1 plants were sterile in both male and female organs. No seed was set in both conditions of self and cross pollination. The fact that the restorable variants obtained in the cytoplasmic type of MS lines of rice by in vitro culture reported here should be the first sample in somaclonal variation in plant kingdom.     

小麦雌性不育遗传的初步分析

为了探明小麦雌性不育的遗传规律,以小麦雌性不育系fs与育性正常的小麦品种或种的杂交一代和二代为材料,对其雄性育性和雌性育性进行了两年的观察,其杂种一代和二代的雄性育性正常,雌性育性在一代正常,二代多数组合出现1 4或1 16的雌性不育株,初步认为小麦雌性不育依试验亲本选材的不同表现为一对或两对隐性基因的遗传,雌性不育的表达可能涉及到两对主效基因的参与并且受环境的修饰.