基于标度理论求解两分量玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚集体激发模

文章基于标度理论研究了两分量玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚的集体激发模。首先从耦合流体力学方程组出发,对两分量玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚的粒子数密度和速度场分别采用相应的标度假设,为了满足在不同分量相互作用下的标度假设,需在全空间做平均,最后得到柱对称下两分量玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚集体激发模的色散关系。     

在周期边界条件下的类Casimir力

研究了在绝对零度下2个平行板之间周期边界条件下均匀稀释玻色爱因斯坦凝聚体中的类Casimir力,得到Bogoliubov色散关系的高阶修正项.计算中没有引入任何截断函数,获得了有限的结果.该结果有助于进一步了解玻色爱因斯坦凝聚体的物理机制,并且对Casimir效应和玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚的实验研究具有一定的参考价值.     

反抛物势与双光晶格势中的三维玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚涡旋孤子

提出了一种处理囚禁于反抛物势和双光晶格复合势中玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚涡旋孤子动力学的能量密度泛函和直接数值仿真相结合的方法.利用静态Gross-Pitaevskii方程和柱对称玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚涡旋孤子试探波函数,给出了玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚静态涡旋孤子能量密度泛函的解析式,再运用数值模拟含时Gross-Pi-taevskii方程的方法,得到了稳定演化的涡旋孤子;并且通过调控双光晶格势,实现了玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚涡旋孤子从某一晶格势槽为初始位置到任意位置的操控,为玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚的实验和应用研究提供了一定的理论依据.值得指出的是,双涡旋孤子的稳定演化与操控是最重要的发现.     

随机边界条件下玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚的临界温度

研究了d维空间随机箱中玻色气体的凝聚问题，在箱子的线度L满足均匀分布和高斯分布两种情况下，分别求出了系统发生玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚的临界温度Tc，并将Tc与固定箱子中玻色气体发生玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚的临界温度Tc^R作了比较，发现Tc小于或等于Tc^R，其具体的关系取决于L所满足的分布函数．同样研究了被限制在频率随机改变的谐振子势阱中的玻色气体的凝聚问题，发现Tc与Tc^R的关系与上面的结论类似．     

随机边界条件下玻色一爱因斯坦凝聚的临界温度

研究了d维空间随机箱中玻色气体的凝聚问题,在箱子的线度L满足均匀分布和高斯分布两种情况下,分别求出了系统发生玻色一爱因斯坦凝聚的临界温度Tc,并将Tc与固定箱子中玻色气体发生玻色一爱因斯坦凝聚的临界温度TRc作了比较,发现Tc小于或等于TRc,其具体的关系取决于L所满足的分布函数.同样研究了被限制在频率随机改变的谐振子势阱中的玻色气体的凝聚问题,发现Tc与TRc的关系与上面的结论类似.     

二维囚禁广义玻色气体的玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚

应用广义玻色-爱因斯坦分布函数研究在幂函数外势中二维广义玻色气体的玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚(BEC),导出二维广义玻色气体的临界温度、基态粒子占据率和热容量等物理量的解析表达式,讨论了非广延参数q对玻色系统热统计性质的影响.     

玻色—爱因斯坦凝聚与光子气体

本文一般地讨论了理想玻色气体的空间维度和能谱对玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚的影响,并用玻色爱因斯坦凝聚解释了光子气体的特殊性质,有助于较深刻地理解光子气体的物理内容。     

复合势中的玻色一爱因斯坦凝聚孤子的操控

提出了一种处理在光晶格势和抛物势共同作用下的玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚孤子动力学的拓展变分法．利用拓展变分方法给出了玻色．爱因斯坦凝聚孤子的解析处理,并和基于分步傅立叶变换的直接数值方法进行比较,发现这种拓展变分方法能够充分揭示上述外势场中的玻色．爱因斯坦凝聚孤子的动力学行为．同时,给出了能支持多稳定晶格囚禁玻色一爱因斯坦凝聚孤子的多晶格稳定势槽,并通过调控光晶格势实现了玻色一爱因斯坦凝聚孤子从某一稳定晶格势槽为初始位置到任意位置的操控．这为玻色一爱因斯坦凝聚的实验和应用研究提供了一定的理论依据．     

一类阻尼非线性Schr(o)dinger方程的坍塌性质

讨论了出现在吸引玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚中的一类带调和势的阻尼非线性Schrodinger方程.对照玻色爱因斯坦凝聚的物理性质, 运用能量方法, 作者得到了一个较为简单的判别条件,当初值满足该条件时,初值问题的解将在有限时间内坍塌.     

从量子论到玻色-爱因斯坦统计

爱因斯坦对量子论的理论基础及其应用作了大量工作,玻色将对称性概念引入统计方法,他们是量子统计理论的先驱;特别是爱因斯坦对玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚的预言形成了凝聚态物理新的前沿方向.     

Bose-Einstein condensation of atomic gases

The early experiments on Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute atomic gases accomplished three long-standing goals. First, cooling of neutral atoms into their motional ground state, thus subjecting them to ultimate control, limited only by Heisenberg's uncertainty relation. Second, creation of a coherent sample of atoms, in which all occupy the same quantum state, and the realization of atom lasers - devices that output coherent matter waves. And third, creation of a gaseous quantum fluid, with properties that are different from the quantum liquids helium-3 and helium-4. The field of Bose-Einstein condensation of atomic gases has continued to progress rapidly, driven by the combination of new experimental techniques and theoretical advances. The family of quantum-degenerate gases has grown, and now includes metastable and fermionic atoms. Condensates have become an ultralow-temperature laboratory for atom optics, collisional physics and many-body physics, encompassing phonons, superfluidity, quantized vortices, Josephson junctions and quantum phase transitions.     

量子纠缠对两个原子玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚隧穿动力学的影响

研究了两原子玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚系统初态处于纠缠相干态时的布居差和隧穿电流,详细讨论了量子纠缠对两个凝聚间的隧穿动力学的影响．     

利用相差进行量子信息读取

讨论了用一维简谐势阱中的Bose-Einstein凝聚体(BECs)帝l成的多原子级非平衡Schroedinger猫态作为量子计算机中的量子位，在此基础上利用共振射频场对量子位作用的相差优化量子信息的计算结果，从而进行信息的读取，并从单个量子位推广到多量子位系统。     

Formation and propagation of matter-wave soliton trains

Attraction between the atoms of a Bose-Einstein condensate renders it unstable to collapse, although a condensate with a limited number of atoms can be stabilized by confinement in an atom trap. However, beyond this number the condensate collapses. Condensates constrained to one-dimensional motion with attractive interactions are predicted to form stable solitons, in which the attractive forces exactly compensate for wave-packet dispersion. Here we report the formation of bright solitons of (7)Li atoms in a quasi-one-dimensional optical trap, by magnetically tuning the interactions in a stable Bose-Einstein condensate from repulsive to attractive. The solitons are set in motion by offsetting the optical potential, and are observed to propagate in the potential for many oscillatory cycles without spreading. We observe a soliton train, containing many solitons; repulsive interactions between neighbouring solitons are inferred from their motion.     

玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体量子模拟实验技术进展

玻色爱因斯坦凝聚体（BEC）的最初理论在1925年由爱因斯坦和玻色提出,直到1994年才通过激光冷却原子气体的方法在实验室实现,并于2001年获得诺贝尔物理学奖。BEC具有宏观量子特性并且具有较长的相干时间,因此是开展量子模拟研究的重要平台。随着光阱、光晶格、微结构光阱和量子气体显微镜等技术的发展,基于BEC的量子模拟器不仅能够用于研究凝聚态物理中已有的基本模型,而且能够探索自然界中不存在的新奇量子物理现象和量子物态。甚至在非平衡和动力学演化研究方面,BEC量子模拟器可以用来研究当前物理实验中无法观测的快速量子物理现象。     

光子晶体的透射特性

首先, 用光的量子波动理论给出一维光子晶体的量子传输矩阵、 量子色散关系、 量子透射率和反射率; 其次, 通过数值计算分别给出一维光子晶体的量子色散关系、 量子透射率和反射率曲线, 并与经典的色散关系、 透射率和反射率进行比较. 结果表明, 其计算结果一致. 该方法可用于进一步研究光子晶体的量子Zak相、 量子陈数和量子边缘态等量子拓扑性质.     

Bose-Einstein condensation of quasi-equilibrium magnons at room temperature under pumping

Bose-Einstein condensation is one of the most fascinating phenomena predicted by quantum mechanics. It involves the formation of a collective quantum state composed of identical particles with integer angular momentum (bosons), if the particle density exceeds a critical value. To achieve Bose-Einstein condensation, one can either decrease the temperature or increase the density of bosons. It has been predicted that a quasi-equilibrium system of bosons could undergo Bose-Einstein condensation even at relatively high temperatures, if the flow rate of energy pumped into the system exceeds a critical value. Here we report the observation of Bose-Einstein condensation in a gas of magnons at room temperature. Magnons are the quanta of magnetic excitations in a magnetically ordered ensemble of magnetic moments. In thermal equilibrium, they can be described by Bose-Einstein statistics with zero chemical potential and a temperature-dependent density. In the experiments presented here, we show that by using a technique of microwave pumping it is possible to excite additional magnons and to create a gas of quasi-equilibrium magnons with a non-zero chemical potential. With increasing pumping intensity, the chemical potential reaches the energy of the lowest magnon state, and a Bose condensate of magnons is formed.     

Coherent zero-state and pi-state in an exciton-polariton condensate array

The effect of quantum statistics in quantum gases and liquids results in observable collective properties among many-particle systems. One prime example is Bose-Einstein condensation, whose onset in a quantum liquid leads to phenomena such as superfluidity and superconductivity. A Bose-Einstein condensate is generally defined as a macroscopic occupation of a single-particle quantum state, a phenomenon technically referred to as off-diagonal long-range order due to non-vanishing off-diagonal components of the single-particle density matrix. The wavefunction of the condensate is an order parameter whose phase is essential in characterizing the coherence and superfluid phenomena. The long-range spatial coherence leads to the existence of phase-locked multiple condensates in an array of superfluid helium, superconducting Josephson junctions or atomic Bose-Einstein condensates. Under certain circumstances, a quantum phase difference of pi is predicted to develop among weakly coupled Josephson junctions. Such a meta-stable pi-state was discovered in a weak link of superfluid 3He, which is characterized by a 'p-wave' order parameter. The possible existence of such a pi-state in weakly coupled atomic Bose-Einstein condensates has also been proposed, but remains undiscovered. Here we report the observation of spontaneous build-up of in-phase ('zero-state') and antiphase ('pi-state') 'superfluid' states in a solid-state system; an array of exciton-polariton condensates connected by weak periodic potential barriers within a semiconductor microcavity. These in-phase and antiphase states reflect the band structure of the one-dimensional polariton array and the dynamic characteristics of metastable exciton-polariton condensates.     

The a.c. and d.c. Josephson effects in a Bose-Einstein condensate

The alternating- and direct-current (a.c. and d.c.) Josephson effects were first discovered in a system of two superconductors, the macroscopic wavefunctions of which are weakly coupled via a tunnelling barrier. In the a.c. Josephson effect, a constant chemical potential difference (voltage) is applied, which causes an oscillating current to flow through the barrier. Because the frequency is proportional to the chemical potential difference only, the a.c. Josephson effect serves as a voltage standard. In the d.c. Josephson effect, a small constant current is applied, resulting in a constant supercurrent flowing through the barrier. In a sense, the particles do not 'feel' the presence of the tall tunnelling barrier, and flow freely through it with no driving potential. Bose-Einstein condensates should also support Josephson effects; however, while plasma oscillations have been seen in a single Bose-Einstein condensate Josephson junction, the a.c. Josephson effect remains elusive. Here we observe the a.c. and d.c. Josephson effects in a single Bose-Einstein condensate Josephson junction. The d.c. Josephson effect has been observed previously only in superconducting systems; in our study, it is evident when we measure the chemical potential-current relation of the Bose-Einstein condensate Josephson junction. Our system constitutes a trapped-atom interferometer with continuous readout, which operates on the basis of the a.c. Josephson effect. In addition, the measured chemical potential-current relation shows that the device is suitable for use as an analogue of the superconducting quantum interference device, which would sense rotation.     

光子晶体的透射特性

首先, 用光的量子波动理论给出一维光子晶体的量子传输矩阵、 量子色散关系、 量子透射率和反射率; 其次, 通过数值计算分别给出一维光子晶体的量子色散关系、 量子透射率和反射率曲线, 并与经典的色散关系、 透射率和反射率进行比较. 结果表明, 其计算结果一致. 该方法可用于进一步研究光子晶体的量子Zak相、 量子陈数和量子边缘态等量子拓扑性质.