Man and Nature in Chinese and Western Traditions

The Chinese conception of ＂oneness with man and heaven＂and the Western tradition of man’s separation from nature accompanied by a subject- object dichotomy are the cores of each culture, which largely decides the discrepancy in various aspects of the Chinese and Western ways. To have an embedded and penetrating idea about the differences between the two cultures, it is necessary to gain sufficient knowledge of man- nature relation in dominant Chinese and Western conceptions. This paper aims to explore this issue from the perspective of Taoism and Confucianism in Chinese context, and ancient Greek and Hebraic heritage and modern mechanical view in Western tradition.     

Selling creates a loss while buying generates a gain: Capturing the implicit irrational bias by the IAT method

The endowment effect is the tendency for a person to demand more in return for selling an object than he or she would be willing to pay for the same product. Thaler suggested that the reason of endowment effect lies in that selling creates a loss while buying generates a gain. Although prior research has demonstrated the existence of loss aversion, few researchers have focused on the connection between ＂selling vs. buying＂ and ＂losing vs. gaining＂, and a recent research with a self-report method failed to find solid evidence for such a connection. The present research applied the implicit association test, a latency method, to confirm this connection. The results demonstrated that selling was more closely connected to losing while buying was more closely connected to gaining. Thus the bias resulting from loss aversion and gain preference was confirmed to be the underlying mechanism of the endowment effect. The previous failure to find such an association may be due to the insensitivity of the self-report method, Here the implication of the findings and method for experimental economic psychology is discussed.     

A commbination of the Traditional Methods with communicative Approach in ELT

For sometime,English Language teaching (ELT) in China has been undergoing a heated discussion at to the best way of teaching.Some think that the communicative approach is inappropriate while others think that the traditional methods are too old-fashioned.This is the case for English Language teaching in Chin.This paper intends to show that both the communicative approach and the traditional methods can coexist and influence cach other in the present Chinese teaching context.     

A preliminary study of context and translation

As we know when we do translation we must know the meaning of every word or phrase first and then translate them.But translation is not as simple as just translate English into Chinese or Chinese into English,and we couldn't know the exact meaning until we consider those words,phrases or even sentences in a specific context.Now you may be eager to know the relationship between translation and context and what context is.So in this paper I will make a brief introduction about it.In this paper I classify context into two groups: context of situation and context of culture.Then I will give a detailed introduction about the influences of context on translating.The English translator and theorist Peter Newmark had said:"a common mistake is to ignore context.A not uncommon mistake is to make context the excuse for inaccurate translation".In the last chapter I will discuss the function of context in translation,how to find useful information from context and make it serve for translating better.     

Ontology-Based Context-Aware Middleware for Smart Spaces

Context-awareness enhances human-centric, intelligent behavior in a smart environment; however, context-awareness is not widely used due to the lack of effective infrastructure to support context-aware ap- plications. This paper presents an agent-based middleware for providing context-aware services for smart spaces to afford effective support for context acquisition, representation, interpretation, and utilization to ap- plications. The middleware uses a formal context model, which combines first order probabilistic logic (FOPL) and web ontology language (OWL) ontologies, to provide a common understanding of contextual in- formation to facilitate context modeling and reasoning about imperfect and ambiguous contextual informa- tion and to enable context knowledge sharing and reuse. A context inference mechanism based on an ex- tended Bayesian network approach is used to enable automated reactive and deductive reasoning. The middleware is used in a case study in a smart classroom, and performance evaluation result shows that the context reasoning algorithm is good for non-time-critical applications and that the complexity is highly sensi- tive to the size of the context dataset.     

Pattern formation in Rayleigh-Bénard convection: Numerical simulation with a coupled-map-lattice model

The various patterns formed in Rayleigh-Bé-nard convection under different conditions are numerically simulated with a coupled-map-lattice model. In the case of a lower aspect ratio (L/d=5), the simulations vividly depicted the main features of the transition process from a laminar state to a soft turbulence and then to a hard turbulence. In this case, the cellular structure in a horizontal section is also reproduced. In the case of a larger aspect ratio (L/d=30), the simulations successfully reproduced the spiral-defect chaos and target chaos in the initial stage of the pattern evolution which were recently found in experiments. In this case, for a fluid of Pr=1, it is verified in simulations that both the ideal straight rolls and spiral-defect chaos are stable attractors in the same parameter regime, and that the initial condition is a decisive factor for which one of the two is formed. In the same case, for a fluid of Pr=4, the target patterns are dominant instead of the spirals, the sizes and distri     

Downside Risk-Aversion Analysis for a Single-Stage Newsvendor Problem

We extend the classical newsvendor problem by introducing a downside risk constraint from the perspective of inventory control. At the beginning of a replenishment period the newsvendor will place an order, then he will review the inventory level at the end of the period. If the inventory level is positive then he will bear the holding cost and if the inventory level is negative then he will bear the backorder cost. The optimal order quantity has a simple form. We analyze the form of the optimal order quan-tity when we restrict that the probability that the cost level is larger than or equal to a fixed cost constant is less than a fixed value of probability. At last, we analyze the case that the fixed cost constant is equal to the expected cost.     

Commission Strategy of the Auction House

In a SIPV model, when the commission proportion is not certain, but related with bargain price, generally, it is a linear function of the bargain price, this paper gives bidders＇ equilibrium bidding strategies in the first-and secondprice auctions. We find that the equilibrium strategies in second-price auction are dominant strategies. For seller or auction house, whether the fixed proportion or the unfixed proportion is good is not only related with constant item and the linear coefficient of the linear function, the size of the fixed commission proportion, but also related with the value of the item auctioned. So, in the practical auctions, the seller and the auction house negotiated with each other to decide the commission rules for their own advantage.     

Financial Derivatives Market and Storage Management

It‘s known to all that under ideal condition the s to rage cost is kept in lower level when storage management be arranged by Economic Order Quantity(EOQ).Does this mean that any companies should set up their own storing system in proportion to the scale of the commodities‘ producing or sell ing Furthermore, even if they manage storage in EOQ, because of different oper ation scale, geographical condition or ability borrowing money from financial ma rket, different companies pay unequal cost in storing the...     

Introduction about Eileen Chang’s translation of the Old Men and the Sea

People in our country know Eileen Chang mainly as an outstanding writer and literator.In fact she is appreciated more than being a writer internationally.Yet Chang’s outstanding talent as a trans1ator is known very 1ittle in mainland China.This thesis selects Eileen Chang’s translation phenomenon as the object of study. Mainly because at first, the translator is of course the decisive factor that makes the target text equivalent to the source text,and case study of outstanding translators obviously is a very important part of both translation theories and practice. Among the factors influencing translation, the subjectivity of the translator is the key one. For a translator who is also a writer,his/ her writing view influences his/ her translating ractice. Eileen Chang’s writing view is inflected in her translation of The Old Man and the Sea by Ernest Hemingway. In my thesis, I would analysis her skill when translating the Old Man and the Sea. I found that she reflected her own attitude to the life when translating the novel.     

Towards a smallest scale of context in ontology integration

In order to solve the ambiguity problems in the semantic context （structure, granularity or scale） emerging in the process of ontology integration application, this paper analyzes the essential characters of context structure, proposes a novel semantic context generating algorithm, which is implemented over VO-Editor（visual ontology editor）, from the satisfiability-based point of view, and proves that the context entity generated by this algorithm is smallest in scale and unique. It offers a feasible means for developers to handle context problems for ontology integration application.     

An extended role based access control method for XML documents

As XML has been increasingly important as the Data-change format of Internet and Intranet, acces-controlon-XML-properties rises as a new issue. Role-based access control (RBAC) is an access control method that has been widely used in Internet, Operation System and Relation Data Base these 10 years. Though RBAC is already relatively mature in the above fields, new problems occur when it is used in XML properties. This paper proposes an integrated model to resolve these problems, after the fully analysis on the features of XML and RBAC.     

Cutting and Welding of Nanomaterials with an Electron Beam

1 Results Scanning tunneling microscope and atomic force microscope have been applied to manipulate individual atoms or clusters on a clean surface.Focused ion beam technique is routinely used to cut materials down to sub-100 nm dimension.However,in between the atomic and the sub-100 nm scales,i.e.,at the nanometer scale,to date there is no well-established physical modification technique.Here we demonstrate that localized,impurity-free nano-welding and nano-cutting techniques with a high-intensity electron beam (HIEM) have a great potential for the fabrication of nanodevices.It is known that an intense electron beam causes various inelastic scattering processes in a target specimen that create heating,amorphization,ablation effects,and,when the intensity is high enough,some nonlinear effects such as plasma formation at the specimen surface.We will show that a HIEB with an intensity of 106 A/cm2 can be applied to create holes,gaps,and other patterns of nanometer dimensions on a single semiconducting or metallic nanowire[1].In particular,the hole-formation process on silicon nanowires under a HIEM will be discussed in detail.We will also show that an electron beam with slightly weaker intensities can be used to weld individual nanowires,forming metal-to-metal or metal-to-semiconductor nanowire junctions.This can be applied to reduce contact resistance between metallic nanowires and leads[2],and,e.g.,to fabricate nano-scale thermal couples.     

Nano Structure Plays an Important Role in the Present and Future Anode Materials of Li-ion Batteries

1 ResultsLi-ion batteries are the most promising secondary batteries for IT and EV applications, where it is required to increase the capacity and power capability to a great extent. In responding to the demand we have been studied on the anode materials especially paying attention on the improved graphite active materials and modified silicon. In both cases we realized that the nano-structured design plays an important role. In this paper the examples of nano-size structure working in the actual materials will be shown.     

Mining Frequent Closed Itemsets in Large High Dimensional Data

Large high-dimensional data have posed great challenges to existing algorithms for frequent itemsets mining. To solve the problem, a hybrid method, consisting of a novel row enumeration algorithm and a column enumeration algorithm, is proposed. The intention of the hybrid method is to decompose the mining task into two subtasks and then choose appropriate algorithms to solve them respectively. The novel algorithm, i.e., Intertransaction is based on the characteristic that there are few common items between or among long transactions. In addition, an optimization technique is adopted to improve the performance of the intersection of bit-vectors. Experiments on synthetic data show that our method achieves high performance in large high-dimensional data.     

GMOs： The new hotspot in ecological research

Gene flow is an important ecological and genetic process, and the fitness conferred by the insertion of a foreiga gene could be important in ecology after it becomes introgressed into the wild genetic background of organisms,which is the determinative factor for the fate of GMOs or foreign genes in natural ecosystem and for the competition with native species. Trophic interrelation fulfilled by food chains is the most important correlation between species in ecosystem and could be affected by the modified genotypes after the introduction of GMOs. The technology enabling the precise manipulation of genotype is a great opportunity for the stndy of ecological genetics in an unknown way prior to the biotechnology era. Especially interesting is the impact of genes on ecosystem function when GMOs are released into environment. A variety of ecological terminology has been frequently used in assessment of ecological risks related to the release of GMOs in environment, e.g. gene flow, fitness,interspecific competition and food chain. The value of GMOs in ecological research is illustrated through several examples in biasafety assessment related to those terms here. It is proposed that ecolegists should pay attention to the study of gene function in ecosystem and take the opportunity to enrich ecological theory with the release of GMOs.