注水井井筒中碳酸钙结垢预测

以注水井井筒为研究对象,根据注水沿井筒的流动过程与地层间的传热过程,将传热学理论和结垢预测技术相结合,考虑注水量、温度、压力、pH值以及离子质量浓度等因素对注水井井筒碳酸钙结垢的综合影响,建立注水井井筒中碳酸钙结垢预测的数学模型,并开发注水井井筒中碳酸钙结垢预测软件.运用该软件对胜利油田某一油区的注水井井筒进行结垢预测.结果表明,注水井井筒中碳酸钙垢的预测结果与实际测试结果相符,且能预测注水井中碳酸钙垢随着时间、井深、温度、压力及水质等参数的变化情况,可为油田采取防垢、除垢措施提供依据.     

钻井井喷关井期间井筒压力变化特征

针对目前钻井井喷关井期间井筒压力计算值与实际关井压力差别较大的问题,将关井期间井筒压力变化分为两部分:关井初期地层流体继续侵入井筒的续流部分和气液密度差导致气体滑脱上升部分,从渗流理论和试井理论出发,考虑关井期间井筒内气体和钻井液的压缩性以及井筒的弹性,建立关井期间井筒续流模型;从气液两相流理论出发,考虑关井气体滑脱上升期间气体的膨胀、气体和钻井液压缩性、井筒弹性以及钻井液滤失等因素,建立关井期间气体滑脱模型;然后考虑关井期间井筒续流和气体滑脱综合影响,建立关井期间井筒压力计算模型,并给出基于本模型的气侵关井井筒压力读取方法。结果表明:关井初期井底压力呈指数增加,井底压力大于地层压力之后井底压力呈线性增加;关井初期井筒续流起主导作用,井底压力大于地层压力之后气体滑脱效应起主导作用。     

井下封隔区间高能气体压裂的理论计算

为了从理论上探讨在高能气体压裂过程中 ,井下施工层段的燃烧压力、燃烧温度及燃气密度的变化 .运用高能气动理论与热力学的基本定律 ,对火药爆燃时气流通过射孔孔眼进行了理论计算 ,建立了相应的燃气气流的基本微分方程式 .     

高温高压复杂井身结构气井井筒温度计算方法

 西气东输的气源井以高温高压气井为主,气井生产依赖于井底温度和压力,生产过程中温度起着重要的作用。为了确保高温高压气井的正常生产,必须对井筒温度压力进行深入研究。井筒压力的研究已有较为成熟的结果,但对井底温度的研究还很不成熟,尤其是井身结构对井筒温度的影响国内外尚未见报道。本文基于Ramey经典井筒温度计算模型建立了两种考虑复杂井身结构井的井筒温度分布计算模型,即在复杂井筒条件下从井底到井口的温度计算模型和从井口到井底的温度计算模型。通过与实测资料对比,给出了计算模型的误差对比,分析了井身结构对井筒温度分布计算的影响。研究结果表明,从井底到井口的温度分布模型计算结果优于从井口到井底的温度分布模型。     

注水井压降试井分析方法及其应用

注水井不稳定试井问题属于油水两相渗流问题，建立了能够描述驱过程的注水井试井解释模型，利用ＢｕｃｋｌｅｙＬｅｖｅｒｅｔｔ驱油方程可确定任意时刻的油水饱和度分布，代入差分方程可速计算压力分布，根据关井时刻的夺力和油水饱和度分布可以计算出关井后注水井的压力降，该压降涉及油水相对渗透率，注水时间，污染系数和井筒储存系数等因素，研制了一套实用的注水井压力降低井典型图版，简要介绍了根据上理论编制的注水井降试井     

油气层爆燃压裂裂缝动态延伸模型

基于油气层爆燃压裂造缝加载模型,建立地层破裂和止裂压力、爆燃气体渗滤、裂缝延伸长度和宽度以及爆燃气体的质量守恒与能量守恒计算模型,并耦合求解,分析爆燃压裂过程中井筒压力、裂缝几何形态变化。结果表明:火药爆燃后,井筒中的压力、温度迅速上升,达到地层破裂压力时起裂,裂缝开始延伸;在火药爆燃、气体渗滤作用下,爆燃气体的压力先增加后减小,最后降至地层初始压力;在爆燃加载条件相同的情况下,随裂缝条数的增加峰值压力和裂缝长度均减小;裂缝延伸过程中裂缝宽度先增大后减小,裂缝条数越少,裂缝宽度最大值和最终值越大。     

异常温压复合地层注热流体井井筒传热计算

考虑到储层温度、压力对于注热开采井井筒热损失的重要性,利用热量传递基本理论和能量守恒原理,建立了含有异常温压储层的注热流体井井筒热损失计算模型。分析了地温梯度和地层压力系数对岩石热物性参数的影响,计算了不同流体注入速率和不同隔热层参数下的井筒热损失程度,并讨论了地层温度压力对井筒流体稳定时间和稳定温度的影响。结果表明,对于单一的砂质沉积,地层压力系数越高,岩石的导热系数越大,热扩散系数越小;温度异常对井筒热损失影响较为明显,存在高温、低压地层的井筒热损失小,井筒流体到达稳定状态时温度较高。该模型可用于现场同类油藏的井筒沿程温度预测。     

电潜泵井井筒温度分布模型的建立及应用

准确地预测电潜泵井井筒温度分布对电潜泵井优化设计和正常生产具有重要意义，也是进行油井生产动态分析必不可少的内容。在对常规井筒温度场进行了计算的基础上，根据能量守恒定律及传热学原理，考虑由井筒向地层传热及电机、电缆散热，推导出了电潜泵井生产流体沿井筒的温度分布计算模型，并对某一井深为1800m的电潜泵生产井进行了模拟计算。计算结果表明，油井产量恒定时，电机、电缆散热可使产出流体温度升高，这是影响电潜泵井井筒温度分布的主要因素之一。     

气藏开采中地层温度及井口压力对井筒流动参数的影响

根据气藏开采过程中气体在井筒内流动的特点，得出了单相气体恒速流动状态微分方程组。阐述了不同地层温度与井口压力下井简气体流动参数的分布，并说明了不同地层温度下，井口回压对井底流压与产量的影响。结果表明，在不同的地层温度与井口压力下，井筒底部的气体速度与密度可以高于、等于或低于井筒上部的气体。通过合理控制井口压力可以调整井筒内流体流动状态参数，从而合理控制生产压差和产气量，以满足气井安全测试与生产的要求。对几口井数据的数值模拟结果验证了地层温度与井口压力对井筒气体流动参数的影响规律。     

元坝气田超深层高含硫气井硫沉积预测

准确预测高含硫气井井筒硫沉积规律与沉积位置,避免管道堵塞、腐蚀穿孔等影响气井正常生产具有重要的意义。为进一步研究硫沉积机理,结合元坝气田元素硫的溶解度含量实验,建立硫溶解度预测模型;基于瞬时热传导、能量守恒定律以及多相流理论,分别建立超深高含硫气井温度场和压力场数学模型;进行多场耦合求解,获得超深高含硫气井井筒元素硫沉积预测模型,并对元坝气田气井进行实例分析。研究结果表明:元素硫溶解度随温度、压力的增加而增大;建立的井筒温度压力模型计算的压力误差小于1%,温度误差小于5%,精度较高;元素硫溶解度在井筒内呈非线性递减,井底最大,井口最小。研究成果可用于预测井筒硫溶解度分布以及硫析出井段,以及同类型气井井筒多相流压力计算,为含硫气井安全稳定生产奠定了基础。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with