一种提取桑椹果胶的新方法

本文对桑椹果胶提取的常规方法进行了研究，提出了以高价铁盐作为沉淀剂的提取工艺，该工艺具有产率高，产品色泽好、成本低的优点，且将最终产品由常规方法的果胶酸盐改换成果胶酸，便于进一步应用。     

盐析法从猕猴桃皮渣中提取果胶的研究

采用盐析法从鲜猕猴桃皮渣中提取食用果胶,并对其制取工艺条件进行了研究,结果表明：当萃取液的ｐＨ值为２,温度９０℃,萃取时间为７０ｍｉｎ,并用硫酸铝作沉淀剂时,果胶得率达４％。与酒精法相比,盐析法提取果胶具有成本低、得率高等特点。     

直地经猕猴桃皮渣中提取果胶的研究

采用盐析法从鲜猕猴桃皮渣中提取食用果胶，并对其制取工艺条件进行了研究，结果表明：当萃取液的ＰＨ值为２，温度９０℃，萃取时间为７０ｍｉｎ，并用硫酸铝作沉淀剂时，果胶得率达４％。与酒精法相比，与酒精法上比，直地取果胶具有成本低，得率高等特点。     

柑桔皮提取果胶工艺正交试验研究

本文采用正交试验的方法研究、探讨了由柑桔皮中提取果胶的工艺条件。从反应的液固比、酸度、温度、提胶时间、凝沉淀剂用量等几个方面得出了有益的结论。对利用柑桔皮生产果胶有重要意义。     

提取高甲氧基果胶工艺条件的研究

以干柚皮为原料.采用稀盐酸萃取、乙醇沉淀工艺路线提取高甲氧基果胶,运用正交设计法安排试验,通过方差分析.考察萃取 pH 值、萃取温度、萃取时间、液比、漂洗温度、漂洗时间、沉淀剂乙醇最终浓度和沉淀时间对产品胶凝强度、纯度以及产率的影响.确定了生产高甲氧基果胶的最佳工艺条件.按此工艺条件制得的果胶胶凝强度为181°,纯度为73.2%.产率为12.1%.     

从柑桔皮中提取果胶的研究——优化工艺条件探讨

以柑桔皮为原料，采用酸法提取、真空浓缩、乙醇沉淀工艺提取果胶；优化工艺条件为：水料比为20：1、pH值为2．1、提取温度为75℃、提取时间为60min，真空浓缩后体积约占原液的10％，混合后乙醇浓度约为50％；按最后确定的提胶工艺方案做了试验，结果为：20g干柑桔皮产果胶3．58g，产率为17．9％；实验表明：所选工艺条件是可行的，果胶质量符合要求，其产率也是理想的，对果胶生产有重要意义。     

响应面法优化乳酸辅助提取菠萝皮果胶的工艺研究

为优化乳酸辅助提取菠萝皮果胶的工艺,在单因素实验的基础上,利用响应面法建立了菠萝皮果胶提取工艺的二次响应面方程。实验证实提取时间、乳酸浓度、液料比、提取温度对菠萝皮果胶提取率有不同的影响。结果表明,在实验范围内,各工艺条件对菠萝皮果胶提取率的影响大小顺序为:提取温度乳酸浓度提取时间液料比。菠萝皮果胶提取的最佳工艺参数:提取时间96 min,乳酸浓度8.25%,液料比25 m L·g-1,提取温度74℃,在此条件下,菠萝皮果胶提取率达8.47%,与预测值相对误差为0.58%,验证了该模型的有效性,表明该提取工艺条件合理可行。     

豆腐柴叶果胶提取工艺优化

研究不同提取方法、影响因素和提取工艺参数对豆腐柴叶果胶品质的影响,建立模型并进行优化,以期得到品质好的果胶提取方法及工艺参数。采用5种不同方法提取豆腐柴叶果胶,通过综合比较果胶得率、半乳糖醛酸含量和酯化度确定最适提取方法;利用Plackett-Burman试验对超声微波串联提取果胶工艺中的超声时间、超声功率、超声温度、料液比、微波时间和微波温度6个影响因素进行关键因素筛选,采用Box-Behnken响应面试验对提取工艺参数进行优化,得出最佳参数并加以验证。结果表明豆腐柴叶果胶最适提取方法为超声微波串联辅助盐酸法;影响超声微波串联辅助盐酸法提取豆腐柴叶果胶的关键因素为微波时间、超声温度和微波温度;建立的豆腐柴叶果胶提取工艺参数与果胶得率、半乳糖醛酸含量和酯化度的回归模型显著（P < 0.05）,最佳提取工艺参数为：料液比1∶20、超声时间10 min、超声温度30℃、超声功率600 W、微波时间30 min、微波温度88℃,该条件下,豆腐柴叶果胶得率为15.68%,半乳糖醛酸含量为83.24%,酯化度为70.25%。研究为提升豆腐柴叶果胶资源的开发利用价值提供了参考依据。     

蚕沙中果胶的提取工艺及其抗氧化活性研究

优选蚕沙果胶的提取工艺,并对其抗氧化活性进行研究。考察条件选定提取次数、提取时间和料液比,以提取量为指标,采用正交试验优选蚕沙果胶的提取工艺,并用分光光度法测定其抗氧化活性。蚕沙果胶的最佳提取工艺最终确定为提取2次,提取时间100 min,料液比1∶20,蚕沙果胶具有一定的还原能力,对羟自由基的EC50为195. 17μg/m L。蚕沙果胶的提取工艺简单稳定,具有一定的抗氧化活性。     

毛樱桃果胶的提取及含量测定

目的探讨毛樱桃果浆中果胶的提取工艺及含量测定,考察不同条件对果胶提取的影响.方法采用酸性水解乙醇沉淀法制取果胶;采用正交设计L_9(3~3)方法优化毛樱桃果胶的提取工艺;采用咔唑比色法测定其果胶含量.结果优选的毛樱桃最佳工艺条件:料液比为1∶6,提取温度为90℃,提取时间为2 h,毛樱桃果浆中果胶含量为4.613%.结论毛樱桃提取果胶具有可行性.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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Brief Introduction to “Journal of Jilin University( Science Edition) ”

<正>"Journal of Jilin University(Science Edition)"is a comprehensive academic journal in the fields of science sponsored by Jilin University and administrated by the Ministry of Education of the Peoples Republic of China.The journal started publication in 1955.The original name at starting publication was"Journal of Natural Science of Northeast People University",which was changed into"Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Jilinensis"in 1958 owing to the name change of the university.The present journal name has