中晚泥盆世石松植物研究综述

对中晚泥盆世代表性的石松植物做了归类总结,并分析了其生殖结构、根器官和解剖特征的分化.该时期的石松植物除了可归入石松目、原始鳞木目或广义水韭目的分子之外,还存在大量难以归入现有分类体系的分子.由于化石保存及性状的独特性,目前尚很难确定这些属种究竟在多大程度上反映了分类学上的多样性.在性状层次上,无论是生殖结构、根器官、还是解剖特征,中晚泥盆世的石松植物都体现了高度的复杂性.这些植物既拓宽了对石松植物整个谱系的性状演化的认识,也暗示在进行谱系分析及分类时不仅要基于一些整体植物种或者接近完整的属种,而且必须重视众多卫星分类单元的系统位置以及它们的演化意义.     

华南早石炭世亚鳞木属(Sublepidodendron)植物研究及其分类学意义

描述了湖北省长阳县资丘镇淋湘溪剖面下石炭统高骊山组的两种亚鳞木属(Sublepidodendron)植物——奇异亚鳞木(S.mirabile)和松滋亚鳞木(S.songziense)以及相关的生殖器官和根器官。重新认识了这两个种的叶座形态,进一步确认了亚鳞木属的整体植物性状。详细比较了奇异亚鳞木、松滋亚鳞木和葛利普亚鳞木的生物学特征,讨论了我国亚鳞木属的分类,并提出了新的归并方案。     

华南早石炭世亚鳞木属（Sublepidodendron）植物研究及其分类学意义

描述了湖北省长阳县资丘镇淋湘溪剖面下石炭统高骊山组的两种亚鳞木属（Sublepidodendron）植物--奇异亚鳞木（S.mirabile）和松滋亚鳞木（S.songziense）以及相关的生殖器官和根器官。重新认识了这两个种的叶座形态,进一步确认了亚鳞木属的整体植物性状。详细比较了奇异亚鳞木、松滋亚鳞木和葛利普亚鳞木的生物学特征,讨论了我国亚鳞木属的分类,并提出了新的归并方案。     

基于cox2-3 spacer序列的串珠藻属系统发育研究

对7种串珠藻属植物共13样本的cox2-3spacer序列进行了测定,并对其进行了系统发育分析.结果表明:cox2-3spacer序列片段长度为415bp,无插入或缺失,核苷酸变异位点238个,占序列长度的57%,其中178个简约信息位点,占序列长度的43%.A-T含量较多,进化上有碱基偏好性.胶串珠藻作为串珠藻属的模式种独立于其他串珠藻属植物,单独位于一个分支;长柄串珠藻、洪洞串珠藻和弧形串珠藻应该归入Sect.Helminthoidea;弯形串珠藻和绞扭串珠藻应归入新属Kumanoa.     

广州地区陆相泥盆系石炭系界线研究

本对广州市西北郊沙水岗至金钱岭剖面的研究表明，沙水岗一带的地层连续，露头良好，含丰富的动、植物化石。按岩性特征将其划分为上泥盆统沙水岗组和下石炭统龙江组；依其植物化石特征划分出晚泥盆世晚期斜方薄皮木（Leptophloeum rhombicum)一奇异亚磷木（Suble pidodnero mirable)一轮状钩蕨（Hamatophyton verticillatum)组合带，以及早石碳世早期针羊齿（Rhodeopteridium)一奇异亚磷木（Sublepidodendron mirable)一无锡始鳞木（Eolepidodendron wusihense)组合带。以较充分的证据，提出并论述了广州地区的陆相泥盆系－石碳系界线。     

基于RLCKVⅡ基因序列的蜘蛛抱蛋属系统发育分析

蜘蛛抱蛋属(Aspidistra Ker-Gawl.)是单子叶植物中同一属内物种多样性最为丰富的类群之一.由于缺乏分子序列方面的研究资料,该属种间系统发育关系一直都不清楚.本研究对20种具有代表性的蜘蛛抱蛋属植物的RLCKVⅡ基因进行了测序分析.结果表明,采用分子系统学证据所构建的该属系统发育关系不支持先前基于形态证据所建立的分类系统;蜘蛛抱蛋属植物复杂的平行进化关系很可能是该属分化早期频繁种间杂交的结果.RLCKVⅡ基因适用于禾本科、棕榈科和天门冬科等类群,可作为研究单子叶植物系统发育关系的备选基因.     

利用trn L-trn F探讨文定果属的系统地位及其与若干近缘科属的系统发育关系

 运用克隆测序的方法测定了椴树科Tiliaceae、梧桐科Sterculiaceae、杜英科Elaeocarpaceae和大风子科Flacourtiaceae 21种以及外类群蔷薇科4种植物的叶绿体trn L-trn F序列,并结合GenBank中已公布的3科44个代表种的trn L-trn F序列进行系统发育分析。采用最简约法、最大似然法和Bayesian推测分析椴树科、梧桐科和杜英科科间和属内的系统发育关系。结果显示：①文定果属Muntingia构成一个独立于梧桐科和椴树科的分支,具有较高bootstrap的支持率和后验概率,表明建立文定果科Muntingiaceae具有合理性;②滇桐属Craigia与梧桐科翅子树属Pterospermum、肖槿属Thespesia、苹婆属Sterculia、可乐果属Cola、梧桐属Firmiana和银叶树属Heritiera的关系密切。支持将滇桐属归于梧桐科的观点;③杜英属Elaeocarpus和猴欢喜属Sloanea均为杜英科的主要成员,应归于杜英科;④椴树科、梧桐科和杜英科有较近的亲缘关系。特别是,椴树科和梧桐科的关系非常密切,两科并没有构成两个独立的单系群,而是形成复系群。     

广州地区前华夏植物群研究

广州地区晚泥盆世至早石炭世植物群计 2 3属 4 1种,以真蕨纲和种子蕨纲为主,石松纲居次,另外还有少量楔叶纲、科达纲及种子化石.按地层分布当前植物群可分为沙水岗组植物组合、龙江组植物组合及测水组植物组合.分析该植物群的组成特征,其性质属前华夏植物群     

中国厚壳树属Ehretia L.的分类与分布

结合《中国植物志》紫草科的编写,我们在全国各大标本室看了标本,对我国厚壳树属植物进行了整理,在整理过程中澄清了某些种在以往学名采用上的混乱(见《甘肃师大学报》(自然科学版)1979年1期),并发现了云南南部一新种,特在本文予以报导。厚壳树属植物属紫草科(Boraginaceae)厚壳树亚科(Ehretioideae)。本属均为木本植物,在整个紫草科的进化中是比较原始的类型,但是较最原始的破布木亚科(Cordioideae)     

中国楤木属的研究

<正>本文研究了楤木属的特征,讨论了楤木属的地理分布以及与相近属的关系。作者通过对国产楤属植物大量标本的整理鉴定,根据楤木属草本与木本两大类群在形态上所存在的明显差别,建立了两个新亚属和四个新组,并编制了该属形态检索表。文内还对六个种名进行了订正。     

泥盆纪枝蕨纲的分支系统学研究

枝蕨纲是中泥盆世至早石炭世的一个重要的植物类群。作者对枝蕨纲代表植物进行了尝试性的分支系统学研究。枝蕨纲中可识别出伊瑞蕨目、瘤指蕨目和其他一些过渡类型。伊瑞蕨目和瘤指蕨目演化关系密切,二者分别以营养性末级附枝的顶端回弯和具瘤指蕨型的植物体组构为近裔共性。中国中上泥盆统的Metacladophyton和Polypetalophyton比伊瑞蕨目和瘤指蕨目进化程度要高,可能代表枝蕨纲内的一个新的高级分类单元,以具片化的末级附枝及次生生长为特征。伊瑞蕨目和瘤指蕨目出现在中泥盆世,而以Metacladophyton和Polypetalophyton为代表的进化类型出现在中泥盆世晚期至晚泥盆世早期。从伊瑞蕨目、瘤指蕨目到Metacladophyton和Polypetalophyton,侧生分枝系统显示了从三维的枝系统向似羽片状系统逐渐演化的趋势。     

泥盆纪枝蕨纲的分支系统学研究

枝蕨纲是中泥盆世至早石炭世的一个重要的植物类群。作者对枝蕨纲代表植物进行了尝试性的分支系统学研究。枝蕨纲中可识别出伊瑞蕨目、瘤指蕨目和其他一些过渡类型。伊瑞蕨目和瘤指蕨目演化关系密切,二者分别以营养性末级附枝的顶端回弯和具瘤指蕨型的植物体组构为近裔共性。中国中上泥盆统的Metacladophyton和Polypetalophyton比伊瑞蕨目和瘤指蕨目进化程度要高,可能代表枝蕨纲内的一个新的高级分类单元,以具片化的末级附枝及次生生长为特征。伊瑞蕨目和瘤指蕨目出现在中泥盆世,而以Metacladophyton和Polypetalophyton为代表的进化类型出现在中泥盆世晚期至晚泥盆世早期。从伊瑞蕨目、瘤指蕨目到Metacladophyton和Polypetalophyton,侧生分枝系统显示了从三维的枝系统向似羽片状系统逐渐演化的趋势。     

An early tetrapod from 'Romer's Gap'

The fossil record of early tetrapods has been increased recently by new finds from the Devonian period and mid-late Early Carboniferous period. Despite this, understanding of tetrapod evolution has been hampered by a 20-million-year gap ('Romer's Gap') that covers the crucial, early period when many key features of terrestrial tetrapods were acquired. Here I describe the only articulated skeleton of a tetrapod, Pederpes, yet found from the Tournaisian epoch (354-344 million years ago (Myr)). The new taxon includes a pes with five robust digits, but a very small, possibly supernumerary digit preserved on the manus suggests the presence of polydactyly. Polydactylous early tetrapods may have survived beyond the end of the Devonian and pentadactyly cannot be assumed for the pes. However, the pes has characteristics that distinguish it from the paddle-like feet of the Devonian forms and resembles the feet of later, more terrestrially adapted Carboniferous forms. Pederpes is the earliest-known tetrapod to show the beginnings of terrestrial locomotion and was at least functionally pentadactyl. With its later American sister-genus, Whatcheeria, it represents the next most primitive tetrapod clade after those of the Late Devonian, bridging the temporal, morphological and phylogenetic gaps that have hitherto separated Late Devonian and mid-Carboniferous tetrapod faunas.     

论峨眉地幔热柱活动的时效性

峨眉地幔热柱是目前世界上公认的少数几个地幔热柱之一.但是,它的活动时间一直是地学界争论的热点,观点一认为:它是指发生于早晚二叠世之间大量喷发的峨眉山玄武岩浆时期;观点二认为:它起源于晚泥盆世,包含石炭纪、二叠纪以及整个中生代,一直延续到新生代早期.作者通过对中国西南地区峨眉山玄武岩及相关岩浆活动的地质学、地球化学研究,...     

美国东克拉马斯山脉石炭系Bragdon组沉积相和物源区分析

美国加利福尼亚州东克拉马斯山脉上泥盆统■到下石炭统Bragdon组上部含有近3km(构造厚度)的砂岩、泥板岩和砾岩,它们是沉积在一个“混杂的”海底扇环境的浊积岩。详细的沉积相和岩石学研究时盆地发育和物源区分析提供了新的资料,并有助于推新晚泥盆世-早石炭世岛弧的古地理和沉积背景。     

A complete insect from the Late Devonian period

After terrestrialization, the diversification of arthropods and vertebrates is thought to have occurred in two distinct phases, the first between the Silurian and the Frasnian stages (Late Devonian period) (425-385?million years (Myr) ago), and the second characterized by the emergence of numerous new major taxa, during the Late Carboniferous period (after 345?Myr ago). These two diversification periods bracket the depauperate vertebrate Romer's gap (360-345?Myr ago) and arthropod gap (385-325?Myr ago), which could be due to preservational artefact. Although a recent molecular dating has given an age of 390?Myr for the Holometabola, the record of hexapods during the Early-Middle Devonian (411.5-391?Myr ago, Pragian to Givetian stages) is exceptionally sparse and based on fragmentary remains, which hinders the timing of this diversification. Indeed, although Devonian Archaeognatha are problematic, the Pragian of Scotland has given some Collembola and the incomplete insect Rhyniognatha, with its diagnostic dicondylic, metapterygotan mandibles. The oldest, definitively winged insects are from the Serpukhovian stage (latest Early Carboniferous period). Here we report the first complete Late Devonian insect, which was probably a terrestrial species. Its 'orthopteroid' mandibles are of an omnivorous type, clearly not modified for a solely carnivorous diet. This discovery narrows the 45-Myr gap in the fossil record of Hexapoda, and demonstrates further a first Devonian phase of diversification for the Hexapoda, as in vertebrates, and suggests that the Pterygota diversified before and during Romer's gap.     

Reidentification of the ore-hosted strata age of Sawaya’ erdun gold deposit in Xinjiang, southwestern Tianshan

Identification of the coral andSchwagerina in the ore-hosted strata of Sawaya’ erdun gold deposit shows that the fossil age ranges from the late Carboniferous to the early Permian. By combining this with the Rb-Sr isochron age, it is concluded that the ore-hosted strata age is possibly the late Carboniferous rather than the Silurian and Devonian, even impossibly the Precambrian.     

Evolution of leaf-form in land plants linked to atmospheric CO2 decline in the Late Palaeozoic era

The widespread appearance of megaphyll leaves, with their branched veins and planate form, did not occur until the close of the Devonian period at about 360 Myr ago. This happened about 40 Myr after simple leafless vascular plants first colonized the land in the Late Silurian/Early Devonian, but the reason for the slow emergence of this common feature of present-day plants is presently unresolved. Here we show, in a series of quantitative analyses using fossil leaf characters and biophysical principles, that the delay was causally linked with a 90% drop in atmospheric pCO2 during the Late Palaeozoic era. In contrast to simulations for a typical Early Devonian land plant, possessing few stomata on leafless stems, those for a planate leaf with the same stomatal characteristics indicate that it would have suffered lethal overheating, because of greater interception of solar energy and low transpiration. When planate leaves first appeared in the Late Devonian and subsequently diversified in the Carboniferous period, they possessed substantially higher stomatal densities. This observation is consistent with the effects of the pCO2 on stomatal development and suggests that the evolution of planate leaves could only have occurred after an increase in stomatal density, allowing higher transpiration rates that were sufficient to maintain cool and viable leaf temperatures.