酸侵蚀下玻化微珠保温砂浆抗侵蚀性能的试验研究

为了研究酸侵蚀下玻化微珠保温砂浆的抗侵蚀性能,配制了pH值分别为3,4,5的酸性溶液(内含H+,SO42-,NO3-,NH4+等离子),进行干湿循环加速试验,测定侵蚀前后保温砂浆的质量损失率、导热系数、抗压强度和拉伸粘结强度。试验结果表明:侵蚀龄期和溶液酸度对保温砂浆的性能均具有影响。侵蚀龄期相同时,质量损失率和导热系数随着酸性的增加而增大;相同pH值下,随着龄期的增加质量损失率、抗压强度和拉伸粘结强度先增加后减小;pH=3的侵蚀溶液下,56次干湿循环作用后,质量、抗压强度和拉伸粘结强度的损失率分别为-5.7%,19.6%,18.5%;pH=3时,导热系数达到本试验的最高值0.051 7 W/(m·K),相比未侵蚀试件仅增大9.1%,仍满足相关行业标准的要求。     

提高铁路混凝土在盐类结晶环境下的抗侵蚀能力研究

为提高铁路混凝土在盐类结晶环境下的抗侵蚀能力,以隧道衬砌部位混凝土为研究对象,考察了掺入不同加量的纳米SiO2和引气剂GEM对混凝土质量损失率、相对动弹性模量以及抗压强度耐蚀系数的影响。结果表明：在硫酸盐干湿循环实验条件下,纳米SiO2的加入能够有效降低混凝土试件的质量损失率,并使相对动弹性模量和抗压强度耐蚀系数得到提高,纳米SiO2可以有效提高铁路混凝土的抗硫酸盐侵蚀能力,并且纳米SiO2的加量越大,效果越好。当SiO2的加量20kg/m3时,随着引气剂GEM加量的不断增大,混凝土试件的抗硫酸盐侵蚀能力进一步增强,当引气剂GEM的加量为0.05kg/m3时,混凝土试件在经过180次干湿循环后的质量损失率最小(仅为0.26%),相对动弹性模量(95.9%)和抗压强度耐蚀系数(0.919)最大。纳米SiO2和引气剂GEM的加入能够显著改善铁路混凝土在硫酸盐结晶环境下的抗侵蚀能力。     

SO2-4存在下水泥基复合材料力学性能研究

以内掺复合掺合料、中砂、细石、普通硅酸盐水泥以及抗硫水泥制成的细石高性能混凝土作为研究对象,在硫酸盐溶液中进行一百次干湿循环后,以抗折强度和抗压强度的变化来说明硫酸盐侵蚀对混凝土耐久性的影响.结果说明混凝土试件的抗折强度比抗压强度更敏感,能够更好地反映混凝土试件的破坏程度;在干湿交替的水侵蚀环境中,不宜采用普通水泥混凝土和抗硫酸盐水泥混凝土;在干湿交替的硫酸盐侵蚀环境中,不宜采用普通水泥混凝土.在硫酸跟浓度小于5000mg/L的硫酸盐侵蚀环境中,可以选择使用抗硫酸盐水泥混凝土;在干湿交替的水侵蚀和硫酸盐侵蚀环境中,加入复合掺和料的混凝土能够更好地发挥抵制恶劣环境的作用.通过硫酸盐侵蚀机理分析说明加入辅助胶凝材料能够有效的提高盐渍土地区混凝土抵抗硫酸盐侵蚀的能力.     

SO_4~(2-)存在下水泥基复合材料力学性能研究

以内掺复合掺合料、中砂、细石、普通硅酸盐水泥以及抗硫水泥制成的细石高性能混凝土作为研究对象,在硫酸盐溶液中进行一百次干湿循环后,以抗折强度和抗压强度的变化来说明硫酸盐侵蚀对混凝土耐久性的影响.结果说明:混凝土试件的抗折强度比抗压强度更敏感,能够更好地反映混凝土试件的破坏程度;在干湿交替的水侵蚀环境中,不宜采用普通水泥混凝土和抗硫酸盐水泥混凝土;在干湿交替的硫酸盐侵蚀环境中,不宜采用普通水泥混凝土.在硫酸跟浓度小于5000mg/L的硫酸盐侵蚀环境中,可以选择使用抗硫酸盐水泥混凝土;在干湿交替的水侵蚀和硫酸盐侵蚀环境中,加入复合掺和料的混凝土能够更好地发挥抵制恶劣环境的作用.通过硫酸盐侵蚀机理分析说明:加入辅助胶凝材料能够有效的提高盐渍土地区混凝土抵抗硫酸盐侵蚀的能力.     

硫酸盐浓度对水泥基材料传输性能的影响

为考察硫酸盐浓度对水泥基材料性能的影响,设计水灰比为0.5与0.35的砂浆试件,进行全浸泡试验,研究不同硫酸盐浓度对水泥基材料水分传输性能、力学性能与不同深度硫酸根离子传输性能的影响。结果表明：硫酸盐侵蚀后的水泥基材料,吸水量随着侵蚀龄期的增长而增大;水泥基材料的抗折、抗压强度随着硫酸盐侵蚀龄期与侵蚀溶液浓度的增加,呈现先增加后减小的趋势;随着硫酸盐浓度的增加,同深度硫酸根离子浓度随之增加;硫酸盐侵蚀水泥基材料会生成膨胀性产物填充内部孔隙,增加试件力学性能。     

南疆硫酸盐渍土地区高性能混凝土抗侵蚀干湿循环试验研究

在矿物掺合料的掺量为30%情况下,分析粉煤灰、矿渣粉、水胶比对硫酸盐侵蚀性能的影响,结果表明:矿物掺合料能明显改善混凝土抗硫酸盐侵蚀的性能;对混凝土抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能改善效果方面,粉煤灰略优于矿渣粉;水胶比对混凝土抗硫酸盐侵蚀性的影响明显,水胶比越小,试件的抗压强度折损系数越高、质量损失率越小,混凝土的抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能越好;反之,水胶比越大,混凝土的抗硫酸盐侵蚀能力越差。     

电脉冲下矿物掺合料对砂浆硫酸盐侵蚀的影响

通过对掺与不掺矿物掺合料的水泥砂浆分别在电脉冲和浸泡条件下进行外观和强度比较,研究了电脉冲作用下矿物掺合料对水泥砂浆硫酸盐侵蚀的影响,并利用扫描电镜和能谱仪对试件内部进行了微观结构分析.试验结果表明:电脉冲加速了外部SO_4~(2-)向砂浆内部迁移,SO_4~(2-)与水泥水化产物反应生成大量钙矾石,使得试件短时间内出现明显的开裂、脱落以及强度损失;矿物掺合料改善了砂浆的抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能,掺量越高改善效果越明显,然而在电脉冲作用下掺矿物掺合料的砂浆仍受到明显的硫酸盐侵蚀.可见,电脉冲加速了硫酸盐侵蚀,这为快速评价水泥基材料的抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能提供了新的思路.     

纤维与微膨胀复合对砂浆性能的影响研究

研究了聚丙烯纤维和微膨胀复合对大掺量粉煤灰砂浆变形性能的影响,聚丙烯纤维及聚丙烯纤维与微膨胀复合对水泥基复合材料抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能的影响。研究结果显示,聚丙烯纤维和微膨胀复合能有效改善大掺量粉煤灰砂浆的变形性能,聚丙烯纤维和膨胀剂的复合最有利于控制砂浆试块原生裂缝和尺寸,使砂浆试块的密实度及砂浆的抗硫酸盐腐蚀能力提高。     

氧化石墨烯/微胶囊混凝土抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能研究

为解决西北地区输变电工程对于混凝土材料耐久性和导电性的特殊需求,以硅酸钠和膨润土作为囊芯、乙基纤维素作为囊壁,物理法合成微胶囊。外掺氧化后石墨烯充当导电介质,制备混凝土复合材料标准试件。随后对试样进行硫酸盐浸泡和干湿循环试验,分析了硫酸盐侵蚀后混凝土的表观特征、质量损失率和力学性能。结果表明:微胶囊的加入显著提高了抗硫酸盐性和自愈性,含有乙基纤维素包封的胶囊混凝土表现出良好的抗硫酸盐性和自愈性。     

硅酸根电迁移反应法处理砂浆的耐久性

为提升砂浆的耐久性,用硅酸根电迁移反应法处理砂浆。通过对比试验,研究了基准砂浆、去除表面涂层的被处理砂浆、带有表面涂层的被处理砂浆试件的抗碳化、抗硫酸盐侵蚀、抗氯离子扩散和抗钢筋氯离子腐蚀的耐久性能。应用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)与压汞仪(MIP)研究了硅酸根电迁移反应法影响砂浆耐久性的微观作用机制。结果表明:砂浆试件的抗碳化、抗硫酸盐侵蚀、抗氯离子扩散与抗钢筋氯离子腐蚀的耐久性能由小到大的顺序为:基准砂浆、去除表面涂层的被处理砂浆试件、带有表面涂层的被处理砂浆试件;硅酸根电迁移反应法对耐久性的提升作用缘于它能致密化砂浆并生成表面涂层的双重效果;由于生成的表面涂层较薄,且含有众多微米级孔隙,使表面涂层对砂浆耐久性影响减弱,砂浆致密化在耐久性的提升中起主要作用。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that