地衣芽孢杆菌α-乙酰乳酸脱羧酶的纯化及酶学性质

地衣芽孢杆菌（Bacillus licheni formis）AS10106α－乙酰乳酸脱酸酶经硫酸沉淀，聚乙二醇沉淀，DEAE－Sepharose Fast Flow离子交换，Gigapite K-100S柱层及SephadexG－100分子凝胶过滤柱等分离纯化步骤，得到SDS－PAGE电泳纯，α－乙酰乳酸脱羧酶的比活提高了53．5倍。对该酶性质的研究表明，酶单亚基分子量为32Kda，等电点为4．5；该酶的最适反应温度为40℃，最适反应pH为6．0，对热（40℃以上）敏感。在pH5．0－6．5之间稳定。酶活不需要金属阳离子，Cu^2 、Co^2 强烈抑制酶的活性。摇瓶实验表明，纯化的地衣芽孢杆菌α－乙酰乳酸脱羧酶能明显降低双乙酰的形成并缩短其还原时间。     

天青石中添加CaCl2生产SrCO3的试验研究

报导了添加剂CaCl3在天青石还原焙烧中的反应行为；并从试验中寻找出了使用该添加剂的最佳反应条件。实验结果表明：CaCl2用量为0．5％－1％，反应温度为1150－1200℃，反应时间为30min，矿：煤为1：0．6，矿、煤粒度为20－40目时，可使SrCO3生产的转化率最高。     

TiSiW12O40/TiO2催化合成丙酸正丁酯

首次以固载杂多酸盐TiSiW12O40/TiO2为多相催化剂,通过丙酸和正丁醇反应合成了丙酸正丁酯,并探讨了诸因素对酯化率的影响,实验表明,TiSiW12O40/TiO2具有良好的催化活性,醇酸物质的量比为1．3：1,催化剂用量为反应物料总量的1．5％,反应时间1．0h,反应温度116－128度,酯化率可达71％。     

氮三乙酸根合铬(Ⅲ)与3-苯基偶氮-5-磺基水杨酸的反应动力学

pH为4．4～7．6，温度为40℃，离子强度为0．1mol·dm-3（NaClO4）条件下，研究了［Cr（NTA）（H2O）（H2O）／（OH）－］与染料3－苯基偶氮－5－磺基水杨酸（PASSA）的混配络合物的生成反应动力学．拟1级速率常数为kobs，反应符合Eigen机理．因速率常数（k1，k2）大于水交换速率（kex），故此反应可归属于交换缔合机理。     

TiSiW12O40/TiO2催化合成氯乙酸正丁酯

首次以固载杂多酸盐TiSiW12O40/TiO2为多相催化剂，通过氯乙酸和正丁酸反应合成了氯乙酸正丁酯，并探讨了诸因素对产率的影响。实验表明：TiSiW12O40/TiO2具有良好的催化活性，醇酸物质的量比为1．4：1，催化剂用量为反应物料总量的2．0％，反应时间0．5h，反应温度130－139℃，产率可达66．51％。     

异丙苯在不同硅含量SAPO-5分子筛上的裂化反应特征

在ESR－GC－Computer联机的动态装置下，用固定床微型石英催化反应器，研究不同硅含量SAPO－5（22），SAPO－5（19），SAPO－5（5）及AlPO4－5和HY分子筛对异丙苯裂化反应的催化活性、ESR幅值特征．并测定催化剂的积炭量．结果表明，催化剂的催化活性、ESR幅值及积炭量大小之排序一致，均为HY》SAPO－5（22）＞SAPO－5（19）＞SAPO－5（5）》AlPO4－5．在SAPO－5和AlPO4－5催化剂上，异丙苯反应前后吸附吡啶的IR谱证实，异丙苯在SAPO－5催化剂上的裂化反应是在B酸中心进行的．     

三种非质子酸催化剂的催化性能考察

用考察考察了氧化亚锡、钛酸四丁酯和六水合三氯化铁等3种非质子酸催化剂在石油酸酯化反应中的催化性能。结果表明，在180－230℃下，石油酸与一元醇的摩尔比为0．5，氧化亚锡或钛酸四丁酯用量占石油酸用量的1％－2％，反应3－4h4后都可使石油酸的酯化反应率达99％。在石油酸与二元醇的摩尔比为2．2时，氧化亚锡用量占石油酸用量的2％，反应4h可使二元醇烃基的酯化率达99％。氧化亚锡可重复使用，且酸液的后处理工艺简单。在120－140℃下，石油酸与一元醇的摩尔比为0．33－0．40，六水合三氯化铁的用量占石油酸用量的21％，反应4h可使石油酸的酯化率达到98％。     

N-苯基-2,2,6,6-四氯环己亚胺的催化合成

以2,2,6,6－四氯环己酮为原料,在催化剂存在下,合成了N－苯基－2,2,6,6－四氯环己亚胺,通过对催化剂、溶剂用量、反应时间、反应温度等因素的考察,得到了适宜的工艺条件;在n（酮）：n (苯胺）：n（催化剂）＝1：5：1．5（摩尔比）,反应温度为10－20℃,反应时间为3．5h手枪扌,收率为80％。     

用短路混合模型确定沥青汽化炉的工艺条件

采用短路混合模型，预测了沥青汽化炉工艺条件变化对反应结果的影响，模拟结果表明，最佳氧沥青比约在0．78－0．80之间，相应的每公斤沥青有效气（CO＋H2）产率约为2．5m3（标准状态），而蒸气沥青比则以0．40左右为宜。     

实用香料苹果酯—B的催化合成研究

研究了乙酰乙酸乙酯与1,2－丙二醇在四氯化锡作用下经过缩酮反应生成苹果酯－B的最佳条件,实验结果表明：乙酰乙酸乙酯：1,2－丙二醇 ＝1：1．2（摩尔比）;乙酰乙酸乙酯：催化剂＝1：0．015（摩尔比）,反应在0．5小时内完成。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to