喀斯特山地退化生态系统的植被恢复与效益分析

分析了喀斯特山地生境特点和原生森林生态系统结构与功能特征，提出 了喀斯特山地退化生态系统恢复的途径；阐述人工植被恢复的主要模式，包括陡坡地人工植被恢复、人工促进自然恢复及林农复合经营恢复等；探讨了人工植被恢复可采用的造林与营林关键技术及喀斯特山地退化生态系统植被恢复的生态、经济和社会效益；并对退耕还林工程中的科技支撑、管理与政策措施提出了建议。     

祁连山东端森林生态治理中林草植被恢复技术初探

为促进林草植被建设的健康发展,林草植被建设应该进行合理的规划和布局,应用各种技术予以保证;采取封山育林技术、退耕还林技术、宜林荒山造林技术、人工促进更新技术、低质低效林分改造技术、幼林抚育技术、生态移民恢复技术,加快森林生态治理中林草植被恢复。     

基于凉山州退耕还林工程中补植补造项目的思考

补植补造在凉山州退耕还林工程中发挥了重要作用,就其原因主要是造林时气候、立地条件等七大因素的限制作用;据植被恢复等理论和产业结构调整原则,凉山州退耕还林补植补造时应充分应遵循适地适树、调整和优化林种树种结构等七大原则;合理布局,分年度实施补植补造,经5~8年的有效管护,使全州森林覆盖率增加0.8个百分点,实现生态、社会、经济效益的有机统一。     

黔中喀斯特山区的生态环境特点及植被恢复技术

长期以来，由于樵采、放牧、生产用火等人为干扰强度大，喀斯特山地的植被多次遭到破坏，致使水土流失不断加剧，土地石漠化，立地生境恶化，造林困难地段的面积逐渐增加；表现出岩石裸露率高，土被不连续，土层浅薄，水土流失潜在危险性大，生态环境脆弱，环境溶量小，抗外界干扰保持系统稳定的阈值较低，受破坏后自我修复能力差，植被自然恢复极端困难等特点。喀斯特山地农业生态环境的根本改善，有赖于岩溶地区森林植被的恢复与重建。以黔中地区典型的喀斯特山地为对象，在研究和分析喀斯特地区森林植被退化的成因和生态环境特点的基础上，筛选适于喀斯特山地的造林树种，提出了森林植被恢复、保护的技术措施，以期为西部大开发过程中的生态环境建设提供理论依据和技术支持。     

马兰庄铁矿排土场生态重建试验

排土场生态重建是采矿迹地生态重建的重要组成部分.为了尽快恢复排土场植被,改善矿区生态环境,马兰庄铁矿采用工程复垦与生物复垦相结合的措施,初步建立了人工林生态系统.根据马兰庄铁矿排土场的生态破坏类型,采取排土场覆土生态重建的模式,对排土场进行分区治理,选取试验基地进行植被恢复与生态重建试验.根据所选植物的生长状况,筛选出刺槐、紫穗槐、油松、连翘、火炬树、胡枝子、沙棘等适宜于排土场立地条件的先锋植物和适宜树种.     

延安地区退化生态系统恢复与重建问题的思考

以退耕还林还草为主要形式的植被恢复与重建是延安地区生态恢复与重建的主要途径。退化生态系统的恢复与重建必须协调经济、生态和社会三方面的效益，这是可持续发展的保证。本文运用恢复生态学理论结合延安地区实际情况对其退化生态系统恢复与重建的现状进行了分析，针对所存在的问题提出了相应的对策，以供实践参考。     

南京林业大学2项成果获2007年度国家科技进步二等奖

由南京林业大学曹福亮教授主持的“4个南方重要经济林树种良种选育和定向培育关键技术研究及推广”和张金池教授主持的“长江中下游山丘区植被恢复与重建技术”获2007年度国家科技进步二等奖。
?"4个南方重要经济林树种良种选育和定向培育关键技术研究及推广”项目组运用森林培育学和林木遗传育种学理论,对银杏、丛生竹、印楝和喜树等树种高效栽培的理论和技术进行了全面系统的研究,建成了4个树种种质基因库,选育出了4个树种的优良种源、家系、无性系和单株,创新集成4个树种的组织培养体系、苗木繁育体系、资源定向培育技术体系和技术推广体系,制定了相应的规程、标准或规范。该成果在生产实践中技术转化程度高、应用范围广、推广面积大,实施效果显著。
“长江中下游山丘区植被恢复与重建技术”成果以长江中下游山丘区为对象,通过长期定位监测,系统研究区域环境特点及森林植被退化机理,以及植被恢复与重建的基础理论。从流域整体或系统水平的区域尺度上,提出了立地经营类型划分的论点,揭示了长江中下游山丘区森林土壤地力变化机制,以及影响植被恢复与重建的主要障碍因素。研发了优良植物材料选择与应用技术、次生林择优封育补植技术、低丘陵林农复合经营技术、森林土壤地力变化与维护技术、极度侵蚀红壤植被恢复技术等10项关键技术,筛选了30多种植被恢复与重建优化配置模式,实现了技术研究的集成创新。     

信阳市退耕还林工程植被建设布局的探讨

信阳市实施退耕还林工程是合理调整植被建设布局改善生态环境的关键措施．要合理地调整林种结构，重点发展生态防护林，在工程建设中，生物措施要与工程措施相配套，应选择乡土树种并参照当地天然林模式及演替规律确定造林模式及造林技术．在生态经济林的建设中要选择抗性较强的经济树种，采用多物种多层次的结构，以避免农药的大量使用造成新的环境污染．在植被恢复方式上，在条件具备的地方可适当采用封山育林方式建立稳定的植物群落．     

陕北地区退耕坡地植被恢复技术及效益评价

目的 为了给黄土高原地区生态环境恢复和林业生态工程建设提供技术指导。方法 对该地区“退耕还林”工程中存在的技术问题进行了调查分析。结果 提出了陕北地区退耕坡地植被恢复技术方案，包括适宜优良树草种选择及造林技术、林种树种的水平和垂直配置技术、以蓄水保墒为中心的抗旱造林技术和混交林营建技术等，并对预期达到的生态、社会效益进行了评价。结论 该方案对黄土高原地区生态环境恢复和林业生态工程建设具有指导意义。     

浅谈21世纪会宁生态建设的发展之路

21世纪会宁生态建设的构想是以林为主的生态骨架，以草为主的生态网络，重点抓好退耕还林(草)和荒山造林工程、天然林保护工程、恢复生态植被的综合治理工程及城乡绿化生态工程。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-