滑油冷却器小型化研究

论述了滑油冷却器小型化的主要途径,采用整体针翅管和光管混合管束形式设计并制造了一台纵流式小型滑油冷却器,与光管弓形折流板滑油冷却器、整体针翅管弓形折流板滑油冷却器的实验对比表明,在壳侧相同油质量流量下,其单位体积的换热量较高,而壳侧压降较低,综合性能优越.     

滑油冷却器强化换热试验研究

对3个采用整体针翅管的滑油冷却器进行了传热试验,结果表明:经改进后的滑油冷却器具有良好的强化换热效果.当换热管数量减少1/2,在相同的油质量流量下,强化管冷却器的换热量是光管滑油冷却器的1.06倍,换热系数是光管滑油冷却器的2.2倍.     

双流程凝汽器汽相流动与传热特性的准三维数值分析

为了掌握大型电站凝汽器的三维汽相流动与传热特性，采用一种准三维数值计算方法对一台双流程凝汽器的汽相流动与传热特性进行了计算与分析．计算结果表明，由于冷却水温度沿冷却水流动方向的变化，第二流程管束的热负荷明显小于第一流程的，并使蒸汽流动产生侧向偏斜，导致流动与传热特性的恶化．在管束布置时，应当采取相应措施减小流场偏斜对凝汽器传热特性的影响．计算结果对凝汽器的合理设计具有重要作用．     

两种不同管型的油冷却器的性能对比研究

对于螺旋隔板花瓣管润滑油冷却器， 当壳程油侧压降为90 kPa时， 其总传热系数可达3200 W/（m2·K）， 比螺旋隔板低肋管油冷却器高15%以上， 为普通弓形隔板光滑管油冷却器的5倍左右， 因而它是目前国内外传热效能最高的水冷壳管式油冷却器.     

壳程多通道管壳式换热器中并列分置管束长宽比与深度换热

为研究壳程多通道管壳式换热器中并列分置管束长宽比锐减对其内部速度场及深度换热性能的影响,抽取具有代表性的单元流路区域建立并列分置管束模型.对长宽比范围在1.85～9.23、传热管数目分别为10,20,30,40和50的5个并列分置管束模型应用FLUENT软件进行了数值模拟.研究结果表明:当管程与壳程轴流段平均速度均为10 m/s时,随长宽比锐减,并列分置管束换热性能下降且壳程阻力显著增加,壳程流体速度分布越来越不均匀.在典型工况下,长宽比大于4.62的并列分置管束中冷流体出口温度高于热流体出口温度,即可以实现深度换热,在长宽比小于3.08的并列分置管束模型中不能实现深度换热.这为壳程多通道管壳式换热器的结构设计提供参考依据.     

管式间接蒸发冷却器传递过程的解析解及验证

根据换热器计算理论,结合管式间接蒸发冷却器中热湿交换过程的特点,将其抽象为管束内一次空气不混合,管束外二次空气和水膜横向混合的叉流换热器.计及二次空气和水膜的热湿交换,建立了描述换热器中热湿交换过程的理论模型,利用实验测出的边界条件对基本方程组进行求解,得到了一次空气、水膜温度及二次空气焓在空间分布的解析表达式.用试验结果对理论计算值进行了验证,说明建立的理论模型具有较好的可靠性．从而为进一步理论分析和结构优化提供了理论基础     

换热器内弹性管束流体组合诱导振动响应的数值分析

为了探讨换热器内弹性管束在流体诱导下的振动特性,采用流固耦合的弱耦合法,研究了弹性管束在不同流速的壳程和管程两场流体组合诱导下的振动响应,并对比分析了壳程流体和管程流体对弹性管束振动响应的影响。研究表明:当壳程和管程流速一定时,弹性管束两监测点各方向的振动主频、谐频大小一致,且振动主要体现为面内振动。壳程流速较低时,监测点沿壳程流速方向的位移曲线存在明显的二倍谐频。壳程流速变化对管束振动响应的影响较大,管程流速变化对管束振动响应的影响较小,说明弹性管束的振动主要由壳程流体引起。由于流体的冲击和管束重力的影响,当壳程流速较低时,管束沿壳程流速方向的振动平衡位置较低,随着流速的增加,管束沿壳程流速方向的振动平衡位置逐渐上移。     

SOLAR Titan130压缩机组启动试运程序探究

1引言 燃气轮压缩机组由箱装体、进气过滤系统、排气系统、箱体通风系统、CO2灭火系统、滑油系统、等12个系统组成。本压缩机组采用净化天然气燃烧膨胀做功（透平）为驱动力,燃料气进站通过燃气处理撬将进气压力调整到2.6 MPa-2.8 MPa,最佳2.75 MPa,然后进入燃气轮机参与燃烧,提供动力支持。滑油系统的冷却采用撬外冷却系统,滑油冷却器配有一变频电机,首先采用是自然通风,     

采用不同管排组合的换热器弹性管束壳程流体诱导振动响应

为了研究换热器内弹性管束在壳程流体诱导下的振动特性,利用流固耦合的顺序求解法,对换热器内不同管排间距和不同管排数条件下多排弹性管束在壳程流体诱导下的振动响应进行了数值分析;提出了分割式网格划分策略,可大幅度提高网格划分的精度、效率和灵活性;提出了粗算加精算的分步计算策略,可大幅度减少计算时间,提高计算效率。研究表明:在壳程流体诱导下,换热器内各排弹性管束的振动主要表现为面外振动,且振动的均匀性较差;大不锈钢连接体上监测点的振幅受管排间距的影响较大,小不锈钢连接体上监测点的频率受管排间距的影响也较大;当管排间距较小时,各排弹性管束间的相互影响较强;当管排数增加时,各排管束的振动均匀性降低。     

螺旋纵流管壳换热器的传热机理与实现

为了节省能源,提高管壳式换热器的热交换效率,在介质入口封头加装螺旋形折流板、介质出口封头加装旋转螺旋片,形成了一种新型高效管壳式换热器.采用强化传热椭圆换热管加工成螺旋形组成管束作为主要换热元件,改变换热器的结构形式和流程,形成壳程介质螺旋形流动方式,达到壳程内介质流量和管程内介质流量的合理匹配.理论分析和热工试验测试结果表明:椭圆螺旋管束换热器总传热系数高于普通换热器的总传热系数,并且加工成本降低,换热器体积减小,达到了节省能源、降低制造成本的目的,是换热器发展的一个新方向.     

Investigation on regenerator temperature inhomogeneity in Stirling-type pulse tube cooler

Regenerator is one of the most crucial components to pulse tube cooler (PTC) and thermoacoustic engine. As such regenerator is scaled up to high-power, the thermal and hydrodynamic communication transverse to the acoustic axis gets weaker and weaker. Under this condition, any unsymmetric factor could cause serious instability to the cooler or engine, which degrades their performance. Investigation has been carried out on a high-power two-stage thermal-coupled U-shape Stirling-type PTC. By detailed circumferential temperature measurements along the middle heat exchanger and second stage regen-erator, a kind of temperature inhomogeneity caused by unsymmetric pre-cooling effect of inter-stage thermal bridge was found in the lower part of the regenerator of the PTC. The temperature inhomoge-neity originating from the middle heat exchanger of the second stage regenerator amplified itself in the lower part of the regenerator and then internal streaming formed. The maximal radial temperature dif-ference could reach 30―40 K. Experimental results show that the temperature inhomogeneity intensi-fies with increased pre-cooling power and its direction can be reversed by changing the pre-cooling effect of the first stage PTC to heating effect by using external thermal load. This research shows that it is important to maintain the heating or cooling effects of heat exchangers uniform in high-power re-generative coolers and engines.     

A separate two-stage pulse tube cooler working at liquid helium temperature

A novel 4 K separate two-stage pulse tube cooler (PTC) was designed and tested. The cooler consists of two separate pulse tube coolers, in which the cold end of the first stage regenerator is thermally connected with the middle part of the second regenerator. Compared to the traditional coupled multi-stage pulse tube cooler, the mutual interference between stages can be significantly eliminated. The lowest refrigeration temperature obtained at the first stage pulse tube was 13.8 K. This is a new record for singlestage PTC. With two compressors and two rotary valves driving mode, the separate two-stage PTC obtained a refrigeration temperature of 2.5K at the second stage. Cooling capacities of 508mW at 4.2K and 15W at 37.5K were achieved simultaneously. A one-compressor and one-rotary valve driving mode has been proposed to further simplify the structure of separate type PTC.     

A novel coupling configuration for thermoacoustically-driven pulse tube coolers： Acoustic amplifier

A thermoacoustically-driven pulse tube cooler has re-cently reached temperatures below 77 K[1] by modifying the resonance tube of the thermoacoustic engine and the hot end phase adjuster of the pulse tube cooler. Normally, the pulse tube cooler is directly connected with the ther-moacoustic engine so that pressure ratio available to the pulse tube cooler is limited by what the thermoacoustic engine can provide[1,2]. To obtain temperatures below 70 K, the high frequency pulse tube cooler genera…     

偏心矩形盘旋套管式气冷器传热特性研究

为探究偏心结构对二氧化碳套管式气冷器换热性能的影响,基于Fluent软件建立同心矩形盘旋套管和偏心矩形盘旋套管式气冷器,对比相同操作条件下的温度云图、速度云图和比热容云图,分析对流换热系数、湍流动能和压力曲线。数值模拟结果显示,与同心套管式气冷器相比,偏心套管式气冷器的云图偏斜程度大于同心结构,平均对流换热系数和湍流动能分别较同心结构提升了12.99%和15.38%,最大压降增大了14.85%,偏心套管总的换热性能优于同心套管。研究结果证明了偏心套管式气冷器结构优于同心套管式气冷器,为超临界CO₂热泵中的矩形螺旋管缠绕气体式冷却器设计、运行以及热效率的提升提供了科学依据,对高效换热器的应用具有重要的实际意义。     

低温空气冷却器制冷效果实验研究

通过对低温空气冷却器冷却冷媒工质的实验研究，得到了冷媒工质在不同体积流量下空冷器传热系数的变化规律，以及在某一固定流量下空冷器传热系数随其对数平均温差的变化趋势．研究了空冷器传热系数与冷媒工质的体积流量、冷媒进出口温度，以及环境温度之间的关系．得出了空气冷却器在环境温度比较低的情况下，制冷效果很好的结论．     

超临界CO2热泵蛇形管气冷器传热特性研究

为了减少能源消耗、提高CO₂热泵的效率,基于Fluent软件,采用数值模拟方法对超临界CO₂在蛇形管气冷器中的传热特性进行研究。主要探究蛇形管内超临界CO₂的流动特性,通过改变操作压力、CO₂和冷却水的质量流量,分析蛇形管的传热性能。结果表明,蛇形管中离心力周期反向,会使温度和速度梯度呈周期性的内侧和外侧交互扩散的趋势;超临界CO₂压力越靠近临界点,平均传热系数越高,压力为8 MPa下的平均传热系数相较于9 MPa和10 MPa分别提高了24.37%和42.53%;超临界CO₂的平均传热系数随着CO₂质量流量的增加而增大,随着冷却水质量流量的增加而降低,冷却水质量流量的增加不会对峰值点的传热系数产生影响,但会使峰值点出现的位置提前。研究结果为超临界CO₂热泵蛇形管气冷器的设计、运行及热效率的提升提供了理论依据。     

新型高效单筒冷却机的开发与运用

用于新型干法窑系统的高效单筒冷却机与传统单筒冷却机的本质区别在于要实现单位熟料低冷却风量的高效冷却。本文阐述了新型高效单筒冷却机的热交换原理、结构设计特点和实际运用效果。     

Effect of sinter layer porosity distribution on flow and temperature fields in a sinter cooler

When sinters are filled into the sinter cooler from the sintering machine, it is commonly seen that, due to segregation effects, sinters of larger size usually accumulate closer to the inner wall of the sinter cooler, whereas those of smaller size are to the outer wall. This nonuniform distribution of sinters has led to uneven cooling effect throughout the cooler. This causes the sinters leaving the cooler at a large temperature difference. This undesired temperature difference leads to the deformation and even the destruction of the conveyors. The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technique was used in the present work to investigate the heat and fluid flow phenomena within the sinter cooler corresponding to the different distribution of sinter layer porosity, which was highly dependent on the arrangement and orientation of sinters within the sinter cooler. It is confirmed that a high mass flow rate within the sinter layer causes a low temperature region and vice versa. The flow fields for vertically reducing porosity distribution and random distribution are almost identical indicating the relative insignificance of convective heat transfer mechanism.