藜蒿挥发油化学成分研究

采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取洞庭湖区野生藜蒿挥发油,用GC-MS法测定其化学成分和质量分数,其馏出物共鉴定出48种化合物,主要有:α-丁香烯(15.734%)、丁香烯(13.246%)、1-甲基-1-乙烯基-2-(1-甲基乙烯基)-4-(1-甲基亚乙烯基)-环己烷(9.511%)、(E)-7,11-二甲基-3-亚甲基-1,6,10-十二碳三烯(5.267%)、八氢-4a,8a-二甲基-7-(1-甲乙基)-1(2H)-萘酮(4.184%)、Z,E-2,13-十八碳二烯-1-醇(4.126%)、α-没药醇(2.950%)、(1S-内)-乙酸-1,7,7-三甲基双环[2.2.1]-2-己酯(2.845%)、吉马烯D(2.803%)等.     

没药挥发性化学成分的研究

用水蒸气蒸馏法提取没药挥发性化学成分.用毛细管气相色谱-质谱联用技术进行结构鉴定.从中鉴定出45个化合物,其主要成分为:4,5,6,6A-四氢-2(1H)-并环戊烯酮、1,5,9-三甲基-1,5,9-环十二碳三烯、4-乙烯基-4-甲基-3-异丙烯基-1-异丙基-环己烯、α-毕橙茄油烯、十氢-3A-甲基-6-亚甲基-1-异丙基-环丁[1,2:3,4]二环戊烯、脱氢香橙烯、1R,3Z,9S-4,11,11-三甲基-8-亚甲基双环[7.2.0]十一碳-3-烯、柏木烯、1-乙基-1-甲基-2,4-二异丙烯基-环己烯、7-亚甲基-2,4,4-三甲基-2-乙烯基-双环[4.3.0]壬烷、1,2,3,4,4A,5,6,8A-八氢-7-甲基-4-亚甲基-1-异丙基萘.     

三产地白术挥发油氧化分解后化学成分的变化

为了比较不同产地白术挥发油氧化分解前后化学成分及含量变化的差异,文章将湖南、安徽、河北产白术挥发油分别置于太阳光下进行氧化分解,产物稳定后,采用GC-MS技术对各产地挥发油氧化分解前后化学成分及其含量变化进行分析比较。结果显示,来自地域、气候和土壤等环境因素不同的湖南、安徽、河北产白术挥发油,经同一条件氧化分解后,虽然新增、消失及含量发生变化的成分有差异,但其氧化分解后18种成分的含量显著变化趋势相一致。其中γ-榄香烯消失,1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,8a-八氢化-4a,8-二甲基-2-(1-甲基乙烯基)萘、1-乙烯基-1-甲基-2-(1-甲基亚乙基)-4-(1-甲基乙烯基)-环己烷和9,10-去氢异长叶烯含量明显降低,尤其是苍术酮降幅平均为97.80%,而其余13种成分含量增幅从大到小依次为β-桉叶醇、白术内酯Ⅲ、17-(1,5-二甲基己基)-10,13-二甲基-2,3,4,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17-十四氢化-1H-环戊[a]3-菲酚、白术内酯Ⅰ、1-甲氧基-2-(1-甲基-2-亚甲基环戊基)-苯、Isovelleral、β-桉叶烯、4,4a,5,6,7,8-六氢化-4a,5-二甲基-3-(1-甲基亚乙基)-2(3H)-萘、9,12(Z,Z)-十八碳二烯酸、荜澄茄油烯醇、正十六酸、广木香内酯、3-环戊基-6-甲基和3,4-庚二烯-2-酮。     

五色梅花挥发油化学成分的GC/MS分析研究

经气相色谱-质谱联用仪（GC／Ms）分析,从五色梅（LantanaCdlndrdL．）花挥发油中检测出37种化学成分,其中,α-石竹烯含量最高（9．77‰）,其次分别是（3Z）-3-鲸蜡烯（7．87％）、1,5,5．8-四甲基-12-氧杂二环[9．1．03—3,7-十二碳二烯（6．75％）,β-氧化石竹烯（5．87％）、β-石竹烯（5．83％）、4-异丙基-1．7-二甲基-2,7-芳癸并二烯-1-醇（5．26％）和γ-杜松烯（4．99％）。     

一朵云挥发油成分的GC/MS分析

采用水蒸气蒸馏-乙醚萃取法提取一朵云中挥发油成分,利用气相色谱-质谱联用分析并人工图解析挥发油的化学成分.鉴定出47个化合物,相对含量高达86.62%.主要成分依次为糠醛(2.08%),邻-羟基幕甲酸(15.74%).2-羟基3-甲基幕甲醛(1.65%).α-桉叶油醇(2.41%),甜没药萜醇(2.70%).甲基-1-(6-羟基-2-异丙基)-苯并呋喃基酮(6.40%),正十六酸(13.96%),(9Z,12Z)-9,12-共轭二烯十六酸(11.85%),17-十八烯-14-炔-1-醇(9.16%)等.     

新疆产黄花蒿挥发油成分研究

采用水蒸汽蒸馏法提取，运用毛细管气相色谱．质谱联用法对新疆产黄花蒿(Artemisia annua L.)挥发性化学成分进行了分析，用气相色谱面积归一化法测定了各成分的相对百分含量，经毛细管色谱分离出48个峰，并鉴定出峰所对应的化合物，其主要化学成分为2，5-二氢-3-甲基呋喃(68．48％)；β—月桂烯(10．13％)；1R，3Z，9S-4，11，11-三甲基-8-亚甲基二环[7，2，0]-3-十一碳烯(7．74％)；7，11-二甲基-3-亚甲基-1，6，10-十二碳三烯(2．42％)；桉油醇(1．68％)；圣亚麻三烯(1．52％)等，为进一步开发利用提供了科学依据。     

苏木挥发油成分的GC-MS分析

目的:分析苏木挥发油化学成分,为其开发利用和质量评价提供科学依据.方法:采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取苏木挥发油,采用GC-MS法鉴定挥发油化学成分.结果:检出38个色谱峰,鉴定出16个化合物,占挥发油总量的42.01%.其中(Z,Z)-9,12-十八碳二烯酸(10.53%),邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(5.02%),(E,E)-2,4-癸二烯醛(4.36%),邻苯二甲酸异壬酯(3.01%),桉油烯醇(2.27%),1,2,3,4-四氢化-5-甲基-1-3-异丙氧基萘(2.08%)是主要成分,占挥发油总量的27.27%.结论:苏木挥发油进一步研究及开发利用提供科学依据.     

气相色谱-质谱法分析沙苑子挥发油化学成分

为了更好的开发利用中药资源沙苑子,采用同时蒸馏浸提法提取了沙苑子挥发油,利用GC／MS方法测定了沙苑子中挥发油的化学成分,用峰面积归一化法计算得出各化学成分在挥发油中的相对百分含量。结果表明,沙苑子中挥发油的含量为2．59％（质量比）。共鉴定了12种化学成分,其中主要成分为2（3H）-萘烷酮,4,4a,5,6,7,8-己二烯和2H一环丙基[a]萘-2-one,1,1a,4,5,6,7,7a,7b八氢-1,1,7,7a-四甲基-,（1a,α,7α,7aα,7bα）。     

糠酸莫美他松中间体21-羟的合成与结构表征

迄今为止,所报道的糠酸莫美他松的合成方法以起始原料分为两种.方法一:Shapiro[1],Draper[2],和Kwok[3-4]均采用9,β11β-环氧-17,α21-二羟基-16α-甲基-1,4-孕甾二烯-3,20-二酮(简称21-羟)为起始原料,经多步反应进行合成,且收率高达95%.方法二:Shapiro[3]以16α-甲基-1,4,9(1     

水泽兰净油化学成份的研究

使用GC/MS/DC技术,结合TLC/SP方法对水泽兰叶净油化学成分进行了分离分析。鉴定了以金合欢烯为主要成分的42个化合物,它们是2-甲基丙酸、2-甲基丁酸、E-2-甲基巴豆酸、Z-2-甲基巴豆酸、非兰烯、对繖花烃、茨烯、十一烷、桧醇、4,7-二甲基苯骈呋喃,1-异丙基-2-甲氧己基-4-甲基苯、2-异丙基-1-甲氧基-4-甲基苯2-烯丙基苯酚、对甲氧基苯乙酮、3-甲基-5-庚烯-2-酮、1,3,4,5,6,7-六氢-2,5,5-三甲基乙撑萘、香树烯、长叶松烯、α-木罗烯、对甲氧基苯丙酮、1,4-二甲氧基-2,3,5,6-四甲苯、β-石竹烯、香柠檬烯、β-顺金合欢烯、香豆素、β-瑟林烯、α-金合欢烯、金合欢醇、β-红没药烯、β-反金合欢烯、T-杜松烯、檀香醇、氢化香附烯、3-(4′,8′-二甲基-3′,7′-二烯-6′-壬酮)呋喃(E)、6,7-二氢顺金合欢烯、4a,5,6,7,8,8a-六氢-7-异丙基-4a,8a-二甲萘酮-2,β-甜橙醛,Z-3-(4′,8′-二甲基3′,7′-二烯-6-壬酮)呋喃,6,10,14-三甲基-2-十五酮,正十六醛,正十八醛,梨霉素。其中包括几种净(精)油中少见的组分。研究了用AgNO_3浸渍薄层分离萜烯化合物及其衍生物。研究了用薄层色谱与光谱联用方法和利用薄层板上反应进行分析鉴定。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that