金属胶束催化VIII：肟基铜（Ⅱ）配合物催化羧酸酯水解反应研究

合成并表征了单核和双核肟基铜(Ⅱ)配合物，研究了这两种配合物在不同胶束体系中催化羧酸酯水解的动力学，用相应的动力学模型处理得到了相关的动力学和热力学参数、研究结果表明，两种配合物在阳离子表面活性剂CTAB(十六烷基三甲基溴化铵)所生成的胶束溶液中催化PNPP(对硝基苯基α-吡啶甲酸酯)和PNPA(对硝基苯基乙酸酯)水解的活性高于在非离子表面活性剂胶束Brij35(聚氧乙烯(23)十二烷基醚)中的催化作用；单核Cu(II)配合物在金属胶束相中催化PNPP水解和双核Cu(II)配合物在金属胶束相中催化PNPA水解的一级速率常数与它们在缓冲溶液中自发水解的速率常数相比，kN分别提高了大约20747倍和32014倍。     

金属胶束催化Ⅷ:肟基铜(Ⅱ)配合物催化羧酸酯水解反应研究

合成并表征了单核和双核肟基铜(Ⅱ)配合物,研究了这两种配合物在不同胶束体系中催化羧酸酯水解的动力学,用相应的动力学模型处理得到了相关的动力学和热力学参数.研究结果表明,两种配合物在阳离子表面活性剂CTAB(十六烷基三甲基溴化铵)所生成的胶束溶液中催化PNPP(对硝基苯基α-吡啶甲酸酯)和PNPA(对硝基苯基乙酸酯)水解的活性高于在非离子表面活性剂胶束Brij35(聚氧乙烯(23)十二烷基醚)中的催化作用;单核Cu(II)配合物在金属胶束相中催化PNPP水解和双核Cu(II)配合物在金属胶束相中催化PNPA水解的一级速率常数与它们在缓冲溶液中自发水解的速率常数相比,kN分别提高了大约20747倍和32014倍.     

希夫碱型大环多胺铜配合物催化水解α-吡啶甲酸对硝基苯酚酯的动力学研究

在25 ℃,pH7.00的条件下,研究了希夫碱型大环多胺铜配合物对α-吡啶甲酸对硝基苯酚酯(PNPP)的催化水解反应,其表观速率常数为1.61×10-3 s-1,是PNPP自发水解速率常数的88倍;同时研究了非离子表面活性剂Brij35、阳离子表面活性剂CTAB、阴离子表面活性剂SDS及pH值、温度、铜配合物浓度对催化水解反应的影响,用所建立的三元复合物(MmLlS)催化反应通用数学模型,计算出催化反应相应的热力学和动力学参数.结果表明,配体中活化的羟基作为亲核物种对羧酸酯有较强的亲核反应能力,能有效地促进PNPP的水解.     

胶束溶液中对硝基苯酚乙酸酯胺解反应的研究

在30℃,pH=7．90的条件下,研究了3,3′-二胺基二丙胺对对硝基苯酚酯乙酸酯（PNPA）的胺解反应,其表观速率常数为1．42×10^-3s^-1;同时研究了非离子表面活性剂Brij35、阳离子表面活性剂CTAB及pH值、温度、PNPA浓度等对该反应的影响,用阿能尼乌斯公式计算反应的活化能参数．结果表明,表面活性剂及温度增高等都能有效地促进PNPA的胺解反应．     

胶束相分离模型在环糊精/羧酸酯体系中的应用

作者研究了环糊精对羧酸酯（PNPA和PNPP）水解的影响，将胶束的相分离模型用来对其作动力学处理，求得了相关的热力学和动力学参数。结果表明，在有环糊精存在时，PNPA和PNPP的水解速率都增加了，并遵循以下的顺序：kc(α－环糊精）＞kc(γ－环糊精）＞kc(β-环糊精），而其结合常数的大小顺序则恰恰相反，即Ks(β-环糊精）＞Ks(γ-环糊精）＞Ks(α-环糊精）。     

金属胶束催化:单核配合物催化α-吡啶甲酸对硝基苯酚酯水解反应动力学

实验合成了单核配合物4-氯-2，6-二(N-羟已基氨基甲基)苯酚合铜，研究了不同pH条件下在不同的3种表面活性剂(CTAB，LSS，Brij35)所生成的胶束溶液中催化PNPP水解的动力学．结果表明，阳离子表面活性剂(CTAB)加快了PNPP的水解，两性离子表面活性剂(LSS)对反应先催化后抑制，而非离子表面活性剂(Brij35)则抑制了反应的进行．用三元复合物模型进行动力学处理，得到了相关的热力学和动力学参数．     

表面活性剂胶束和预胶束对4-硝基苯酚苯甲酸酯碱性水解反应的影响研究

在有和无阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)、阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)和中性表面活性剂Brij35三种胶束和预胶存在下研究了对4-硝基苯酚苯甲酸酯(PNPB)碱性水解反应的动力学.实验结果表明,CTAB和Brij35胶束和预胶束对4-硝基苯酚苯甲酸酯碱性水解反应均有显著的催化作用,而SDS胶束和预胶束对4-硝基苯酚苯甲酸酯碱性水解反应有禁阻作用.这种催化和禁阻作用主要来自于胶束所产生的局部浓度效应,静电效应和微极性效应.应用假相动力学模型,获得了胶束和预胶束催化反应相关的热力学和动力学参数.     

大环Schiff碱配合物金属胶束催化羧酸酯水解的动力学研究

文章合成和表征了两种大环Schiff碱过渡金属配合物NiL和CuL(L:高氯酸-5,7,7,12,14,14-六甲基-1,4,8,11-四氮杂环-4,11-二烯),并且将NiL或CuL与表面活性剂(LSS,CTAB)组成的金属胶束作为模拟水解金属酶用于催化羧酸酯(PNPP)水解。催化反应系统的特征光谱分析表明,在PNPP催化水解过程中形成了由Ni(II)或Cu(II)配合物与PNPP组成的中间物种,并由此提出PNPP催化水解的机理。依据本文提出的PNPP催化水解机理建立了用于计算动力学常数的动力学模型,并讨论了不同胶束和配合物结构对PNPP催化水解的影响。     

β-环糊精对CTAB胶束催化羧酸酯水解的影响

在pH7.02，25℃下用分光光度法研究了β－环糊精对CTAB胶束催化PNPP，PNPA水解的影响。用胶束催化的相分离模型定量处理实验数据。通过对比结果可以看出，β－环糊精或β-环糊精与CTAB的复合物都不参与胶束的形成，也不影响胶束的聚集数。     

双-{N-[2-脱氧-β-D-吡喃葡糖-2-(3-甲酰基水杨酸胺)]} 金属合物及其金属胶束催化PNPP水解动力学

作者合成和表征了双－｛N-[2-脱氧－β－D－吡喃葡糖－2－（3－甲酰基水杨酸胺）]｝M2（Ⅱ）配合物（M＝Cu,Zn,Co）；研究了该双核金属配合物在CTAB胶束溶液中催化PNPP水解反应动力学；用双核复合物金属胶束的三元复合动力学模型对实验结果进行了定理处理，结果表明：配合物在CTAB胶束溶液中形成金属胶束后，催化水解的能力明显增强，可使反应速率提高几百倍至二千多倍，金属配合物催化水解的速率常数大小顺序为Cu(Ⅱ），Zn（Ⅱ）和Co(Ⅱ)。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with