Modern pollen and vegetation relationships in the Yili Basin, Xinjiang, NW China

Fifty-six surface pollen samples from different vegetation zones in the Yili Basin,western Tianshan Mountains,Xinjiang were analyzed to examine the relationships between the surface pollen assemblages and the original vegetation.A pollen analysis and a vegetation investigation with a discriminant analysis show that the pollen assemblages greatly differ across disparate vegetation zones.Twelve pollen taxa can be used as significant types for vegetation reconstruction in the basin.These taxa were the most abundant in the surface pollen samples.Cupressaceae pollen percentages were greater than 1%in Cupressaceae shrubs.More than5%of Picea pollen indicates the growth of a Picea forest within 5 km.The subalpine meadow that is distributed widely in the basin is characterized by high content of Artemisia,Chenopodiaceae,Poaceae,Picea,Asteraceae,Taraxacum and Arenaria pollen types.The Artemisia-Chenopodiaceae-Poaceae-Cannabaceae pollen assemblages indicate the presence of montane steppe in the area.Artemisia and Chenopodiaceae pollen dominate the desert steppe and Populus forest.Artemisia pollen percentages were greater than 60%in the Artemisia desert,whereas Chenopodiaceae pollen percentages exceeded 65%in the Chenopodiaceae desert.The Artemisia/Chenopodiaceae(A/C)ratios reflect the vertical moisture changes in the Yili Basin.The mean A/C ratios were greater than 1.2 in the subalpine meadow and montane steppe that occupy the humid zone in the basin.These ratios were between1 and 1.2 in the Cupressaceae shrubs,desert steppe,Populus forest and floodplain meadow.The ratios were less than 0.5 in the Chenopodiaceae desert,which is an arid environment.     

Surface pollen assemblages of human-disturbed vegetation and their relationship with vegetation and climate in Northeast China

Pollen assemblages of 53 surface pollen samples from farmlands and wastelands in Northeast China were analyzed. Tree pollen percentages were usually higher than 30%, with Pinus (26.9%), Quercus (0.9%), Betula (0.9%) and Populus (0.7%) as the major types, and herb pollen percentages were usually higher than 50%, with weedy Poaceae (8.7%), Chenopodiaceae (7.1%), Artemisia (1.9%) and Compositae (3.5%) as the major taxa. Thus, the pollen assemblages were consistent with the regional vegetation compositions. However, there were differences in pollen assemblages among regions, especially among different geomorphological units. For example, in the mountains, there were more types of tree pollen and higher total percentages (average 42%) than in other areas, while cereal pollen percentages were lowest (11.2%). In the hills and high plains, herbs made up more than 60% of the pollens, with cereals (average 53.6%) the dominant type. In the low plains, pollen types were similar to those in the hills and high plains, but total pollen concentrations and the proportion of Concentricystes were much higher, while cereal pollen percentages were slightly lower (average 41.6%). Pollen assemblages in different land use types also differed. For example, in farmland, cereal pollen percentages were more than 40% and Chenopodiaceae was usually less than 2.5%, while in wasteland, weedy Poaceae was usually less than 10% and Chenopodiaceae was usually higher than 25%. Total pollen concentrations in farmland (average 3909 grains/g) were much lower than in wasteland (average 15074 grains/g). Redundancy analysis revealed that pollen assemblages were significantly negatively correlated with mean annual temperature (-0.73) and July mean temperature (-0.81) and significantly positively correlated with mean annual precipitation (0.48), indicating that pollen assemblages in the artificial or human-disturbed vegetation reflect regional climate well. Comparison of pollen assemblages in different areas of northern China showed that pollen concentrations reflect the intensities of human impact to some degree. For example, pollen concentrations decrease as human impacts increase in intensity. The cereal pollen proportions in farmland differed by area. In Northeast China, cereal pollen proportions were distinctly higher than in most other areas of northern China, suggesting differences in planting habits and climate.     

Surface pollen assemblages as indicators of human impact in the warm temperate hilly areas of eastern China

Investigation of 78 surface pollen samples from warm temperate hilly areas of eastern China shows that pollen assemblages in areas of different land use are significantly different. Pollen concentrations in wastelands are higher than in plantations; these, in turn, are higher than in farmlands; implying that pollen concentration decreases with increasing human impact. Arboreal pollen dominated by Pinus and Quercus is common in all samples. Herbaceous pollen percentages are higher while shrub pollen, fern spores and fern allies are lower in farmlands than in wastelands. Crop pollen is only detectable in and near farmlands; its percentages and concentrations decrease in wastelands. Cereal and Cruciferae pollen percentages average 16.7% and 6.7% in farmland respectively, but Cereal reduces to less than 3% and Cruciferae to less than 0.5% in nearby wastelands. Principle coordinates analysis and clustering analysis indicate that pollen assemblages from farmlands are distinguishable from those under other vegetation types. Occurrence of Poaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Artemisia, and Compositae pollen and Selaginella sinensis spores are closely related to human activities, and their types and frequencies indicate intensity of human impact. The spatial distribution of crops, Chenopodiaceae, and Artemisia reflects changes in both natural environments and human activities. Percentages of cereal and Cruciferae pollen, for example, increase with decreasing altitude, but decrease with increasing latitude. Understanding pollen assemblages under artificial and human-disturbed vegetation in hilly areas may aid understanding of human impacts on the plains during the early-middle Holocene.     

Pollen record and environmental evolution of Caotanhu wetland in Xinjiang since 4550 cal. a BP

This paper presents a multi-proxy reconstruction of the climate change in Caotanhu wetland using pollen, phytolith and charcoal records, and the data of loss of ignition （LOI）, grain size analysis, and susceptibility. Results reveal that between 4550 and 2500 cal. a BP, a dry climatic condition was not favorable for the accumulation of peat. Since 2500 cal. a BP, the climate became humid and the wetland developed with abundant freshwater aquatic plants, which contributed to peat accumulation. Never-theless, alternate periods of rain and dry climate occurred during that period. Between 2500 and 1810 cal. a BP （550 BC-140 AD）, the climate was more humid than at present. A lot of emerged plants, such as Phragmites, Typha and Sparganium, and freshwater green algae grew in the wetland which was sur-rounded by desert-steppe vegetation composed mainly of Chenopodiaceae, Artemisia, Compositae and Thalictrum. However, from 1810 to 1160 cal. a BP （140--790 AD）, the water level started to decrease and hydrophyte species reduced greatly, but some Phragmites still grew in the wetland and around it was desert vegetation with high proportion of Chenopodiaceae and Artemisia. Then from 1160 to 650 a BP （790--1300 AD）, it entered a period of desert-steppe with abundant mesic and xerophytic plants. And a lot of aquatic plants prevailed in the wetland. Here, what is noticeable is that percentages of arboreal pollen, consisting mainly of Betula and Picea, increased greatly and reached a maximal value of 27.2%, in which, Betula percentages rose to 23.2%. Hence, it is reasonable to conclude that Betula grew in the highland of the wetland, or Picea timberline shifted downward resulting in the increase of percentages of Betula and Picea pollen, which were transported into the wetland by flood or wind. But since 650 cal. a BP, desert vegetation prevailed around the wetland again with dominant Chenopodiaceae and Artemisia, and the climate was similar to modern one. Despite some aquatic plants still growing in the wetland at     

Quantitative relationships between vegetation and several pollen taxa in surface soil from North China

According to the vegetation investigation and pollen analysis of surface samples sampled along a precipitation gradient of the Northeast China Transect (NECT), several pollen taxa, includingPinus, Betula, Quercus, Tilia, Acer, Ulmus, Artemisia, Chenopodiaceae, Gramineae and Cyperaceae, were chosen to make the regression and correlation analyses. The results indicated that there exists a close relationship between vegetation and pollen taxa in surface samples. The regression parameters for ten taxa in the forests in the eastern part of NECT were different from those in the steppes in the western part.Pinus, Betula, Artemisia and Chenopodiaceae, which have large slope and y-intercept terms, were over-representative taxa.Acer, Gramineae and Cyperaceae, which have small slope andy-intercept terms, were under-representative taxa.Quercus, Tilia andUlmus whose slope terms have negative correlation withy-intercept terms were equi-representative taxa. The pollen taxa with large slope or largey-intercept terms have small variability coefficients, implying that the slope andy-intercept terms for these pollen taxa are of high accuracy in the estimation of plant abundance from pollen frequencies.     

Pollen flux and vertical dispersion in coniferous and deciduous broadleaved mixed forest in the Changbai Mountains

The pollen flux in coniferous and deciduous broadleaved mixed forest in the Changbai Mountains is presented in one year's experiments. The results indicate that arboreal pollen percentages are more than 65% and pollen flux is higher than 5000 grain·cm-2·a-1,while less than 2% and lower than 1000 grain·cm-2·a-1 for shrubby pollen,and less than 20% and lower than 3000 grain·cm-1·a-1 for herbaceous pollen for most samples at different heights. The pollen assemblages are similar to those in the samples under 8 m height where Pinus and Ouercus are dominant and followed by the few non-local pollen types,and Fraxinus percentages are high with a few non-local pollen types at 16 m to 32 m height as well as non-local pollen clearly increased at 40 m height. Comparisons between pollen assemblages and vegetation composition suggest that similarities are higher for pollen trap samples than for surface moss samples.     

Oleophobic modification of clay minerals to improve encapsulation ratios of shape-stabilized phase change materials: A universal method

Liquid-solid phase change materials (PCMs) show reversible storage and release of latent heat, which has attracted extensive interests in applications for thermal energy storage. However, stubborn leakage issue may cause corrosion and extra thermal resistance. The non-wettability of melted paraffin on the oleophobic surface of diatomite has been reported by authors earlier, and the result showed that the encapsulation ratio (84.5%) of diatomite@paraffin shape-stabilized PCM greatly increased. Here, in order to prove this method equally applicable to other PCMs and porous natural clay minerals, diatomite and sepiolite were oleophobically modified to encapsulate melted stearic acid and paraffin, to form shape-stabilized PCMs. The results showed that the encapsulation ratios of 67.8% and 56.6% for diatomite@stearic acid and sepiolite@paraffin were higher than that reported in the references (28.9% and 36.8%). In addition, the encapsulation ratios of diatomite-based shape-stabilized PCMs can be also increased using different PCMs, such as n-octadecane and polyethylene glycol via the same approach. Therefore, this is a universal method for improving encapsulation ratios of shape-stabilized PCMs.     

Effects of soil stoichiometry of the CaCO<Subscript>3</Subscript>/available phosphorus ratio on plant density in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Artemisia ordosica</Emphasis> communities

In soil, CaCO3 can reduce the availability of phosphorus in arid and semi-arid regions, thereby influencing plant growth. However, the effects of soil stoichiometry of the CaCO3/available phosphorus ratio (CaCO3/AP ratio) on plant density are unknown. In this study, we examined 4 Artemisia ordosica communities located in arid and semi-arid regions, and performed a pot experiment with an orthogonal design to examine the relationships between the soil CaCO3/AP ratio and plant density. The results showed that the soil stoichiometry of the CaCO3/AP ratio had a greater effect on growth of A. ordosica than either CaCO3 or AP as single factor. The influence of the soil CaCO3/AP ratio on density of A. ordosica was related to the climatic zone and the types and/or amplitudes of increases in the soil CaCO3/AP ratio. When the soil CaCO3/AP ratio was within the same amplitude and was less than 2.5, the A. ordosica density increased in the semi-arid region, whereas the density decreased with increasing soil CaCO3/AP ratios in the arid region. In the semi-arid region, when the soil CaCO3/AP ratio was within the same amplitude and the increase in the soil CaCO3 content was greater than the increase in soil AP, the A. ordosica density increased with increasing soil CaCO3/AP ratios. This means that the relationship between the soil CaCO3/AP ratio and the A. ordosica density remained the same. In the arid region, an increase in the soil CaCO3/AP ratio as a result of increased soil CaCO3 content and decreased soil AP resulted in increased density of A. ordosica. Therefore, the relationship between soil CaCO3/AP ratios and density of A. ordosica was altered by these changes in soil chemistry. Thus, the soil stoichiometry of the CaCO3/AP ratio is an important factor affecting the density of A. ordosica in arid and semi-arid regions.     

巨尾桉枝叶水浸提液对3种作物种子萌发的影响

为了解巨尾桉（Ｅｕｃａｌｙｐｔｕｓｇｒａｎｄｉｓ＊Ｅ．ｕｒｏｐｈｙｌｌａ）内含物对其他植物的他感作用，分别用巨尾桉的新鲜枝叶和枯花叶的水浸认进行水稻、蕹菜（Ｉｐｏｍｏｅａａｑｕａｔｉｃａ）和菜苔（ＢｒａｓｓｉｃａｐａｒａｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓＢａｉｌｅｙ）花种子发芽试验，经鲜液供水的水稻种子平均发芽率、发芽势分别为９５％、６０％略低于对照的９７％和６２％；蕹菜种子平均发芽率、发芽势为９３％、６２％，略     

Generation of selectable marker-free transgenic rice resistant to chewing insects using two co-transformation systems

To produce selectable marker-free (SMF) transgenic rice resistant to chewing insects, the Bacillus thuringiensis cryIA(c) gene (Bt) was introduced into two elite japonica rice varieties by using two Agrobacterium-mediated co-transformation systems. One system is with a single mini-twin T-DNA binary vector in one Agrobacterium strain, which consists of two separate T-DNA regions, one carrying the Bt while the other contains the selectable marker gene, hygromycin resistant gene (HPT). The other system uses two separate binary vectors in two separate Agrobacterium cultures, containing the Bt or HPT gene on individual plasmids. A lot of independent transgenic rice lines harboring both Bt and selectable marker genes were obtained. The results showed that the co-transformation frequency of the Bt gene and HPT gene was much higher by using the mini-twin T-DNA vector system (29.87%) than that by the two separate binary vector systems (4.52%). However, the frequency of the SMF transgenic rice plants obtained from the offspring of co-transgenic plants (21.74%) was lower for the mini-twin T-DNA vector system than that for the latter (50-60%). The data of ELISA implied that the expressed Bt proteins were quantitated as 0.025-0.103% of total leaf soluble proteins in the transgenic plant. Therefore, several elite transgenic rice lines, free of the selectable marker gene, were chosen. The results from both in vitro and in vivo insect bioassays indicated that the SMF transgenic rice was shown to be highly resistant to the striped stem borer and rice leaf folder. Moreover, in a natural field condition without any insecticide applied, all the transgenic rice plants were found to be not injured by the rice leaf folder, whereas the wild types were impaired seriously.     

Helium isotope investigation on magnetic reversal boundaries of loess-paleosol sequence at Luochuan, central Chinese Loess Plateau

Extraterrestrial particles have higher 3He/4He ratios than those of terrestrial sediments ( > 100 Ra versus < 0.03 Ra, where Ra is the 3He/4He ratio normalized to the atmospheric value of 1.4×10?6). The inter- planetary dust particles (IDPs), which are very rich in 3He, continuously bombard the Earth and can accumulate in deposits. IDPs sedimentation rate changes can significantly influence 3He concentration in the Earth surface sediments. Since IDPs are not easy to detect in terrestrial deposits, measuring helium isotopes is a helpful approach to examine changes in IDPs. Helium concentration and helium isotopic composition magnetic substances and the quartz particles were examined for helium concen- tration and helium isotopic ratio. Results show that the 3He/4He ratio and the 3He concentrations of the magnetic substances are clearly higher than those of the bulk samples and the quartz particles, and, the 3He/4He ratio of the extracted magnetic substances is also higher than that of the average level of the Earth’s crust. The higher helium content in the magnetic fractions can be explained by an influx of IDPs.     

2种短周期人工林的林下植物多样性与生物量研究

2002年3月在经过炼山同一坡面相同海拔高度的杉木人工林采伐迹地上营造尾巨桉(Eucalyptus urophylla×E.grandis)和厚荚相思(Acacia crassicarpa)人工林.2007年10～12月以灌草坡自然恢复植被作为对照,设置样方调查2种短周期人工林的林下植物多样性和生物量.结果表明,2种短周期人工林的林下植物物种均为27种,均比对照的43种减少37.2%;对于灌木层,尾巨桉和厚荚相思人工林的物种丰富度指数分别比对照的减少36.4%和18.2%,Shannon-Wiener指数分别比对照的增加8.9%和27.4%,Pielou均匀度指数分别比对照增加27.5%和36.3%;对于草木层,尾巨桉和厚荚相思人工林物种丰富度指数分别比对照的减少38.1%和57.1%,尾巨桉Shannon-Wiener指数比对照的减少72.7%、厚荚相思比对照的增加29.8%,尾巨桉人工林Pielou均匀度指数比对照的减少67.6%,而厚荚相思人工林比对照的增加79.9%;尾巨桉和厚荚相思人工林的林下植物生物量分别比对照的减少40.8%和83.2%,2种短周期人工林的林下灌草植物生物量分配分别与对照的分配规律相一致.     

Improvement of tensile behaviours of a γ'-Co3(Al,W) strengthened polycrystalline Co-9Al-4.5W-4.5Mo-2Ta-0.02B alloy at room-and high-temperatures by doping Ce

The microstructures and tensile behaviours of cerium (Ce) doped polycrystalline Co-9Al-4.5W-4.5Mo-2Ta-0.02B alloys (doped 0.05 and 0.2 at.% Ce) at room temperature (RT) and 600–800 °C were investigated. In-suit tensile test under SEM was conducted to understand the deformation and damage mechanisms at RT. Aged at 800 °C for 50 h, the 0.05Ce alloy consisted of a Co solid-solution matrix (γ-Co_SS) and nano-scale cuboidal γ′-Co₃(Al, W) precipitates, while for the 0.2Ce alloy, κ-Co₃(W, Mo) precipitates and γ′-depleted zone were present at the grain boundaries in addition to the γ/γ′ microstructure. The 0.05Ce alloy exhibited flow stress anomalies at 700 °C. With higher Σ1∼3 boundary fraction and cleaned-up grain boundary, the 0.05Ce alloy always showed greater strength and elongation than the 0.2 Ce alloy with the grain boundary precipitates at temperatures up to 800 °C. Doped 0.05 at.% Ce made the Co-9Al-4.5W-4.5Mo-2Ta-0.02B alloy have an excellent elongation of 6.1% at 700 °C, owing to a mixed transgranular dimple plus intergranular cleavage fracture. The slip bands transferring through the low-angle grain boundary and slipping of the γ′-Co₃(Al, W) in the 0.5Ce alloy resulted in excellent ductility of 20.4% at RT.     

A chemical index of weathering without effect of wind sorting: Fe/Mg ratios in the acid-insoluble phases of loess deposits

Chemical analysis of acid-insoluble fractions in loess and paleosols shows that concentrations of Fe and Mg were under control of wind sorting and post-depositional weathering-pedogenesis. The former caused Fe and Mg concentrated in the finer grain-size fractions, displaying synchronous variations, while the latter made Fe and Mg separated, leading to Fe retained in the weathered section and Mg leached out. Therefore, Fe/Mg ratios in the acid insoluble fraction of loess and paleosols can eliminate the effect of wind sorting and serve as an excellent proxy record on intensity of weathering-pedogenesis. Based on calculation, leaching percentage of Mg in the paleosol S1 from the Luochuan, Xifeng and Huanxian sections is 15%, 11% and 2%, respectively, and on average 9% for the paleosols S₂—S₁₄ from the Luochuan section, with the highest value amounting to 22% in S_5-1, suggesting the strongest weathering-pedogenesis.     

Do plants explore habitats before exploiting them? An explicit test using two stoloniferous herbs

We tested whether the processes of exploration and exploitation can be explicitly distinguished as plants grow and develop within a habitat using two stoloniferous clonal herbs,Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides(Umbelliferae) and Potentilla anserina(Rosaceae).Ramets were planted in four circular trays differing in diameter.One replicate from each diameter-group was sampled at intervals corresponding to plant coverage of the trays,and plant biomass allocation to leaves,stolons,and roots and internode length were quantified.For both species,at early sampling times(when the smallest trays were full),total plant biomass and ramet number were larger in the smaller trays than in the larger trays.However,this trend was reversed for plants collected at later times.For H.sibthorpioides,leaf mass ratios(leaf mass to total plant mass) were significantly greater,but stolon mass ratios(stolon mass to total plant mass) were less in the small trays than in the larger ones,particularly during the early stages of the experiment.Similarly,for P.anserina,leaf mass ratios decreased in the smaller trays but increased in the larger ones as the experiment progressed.Root mass ratios showed contrasting pattern to leaf mass ratios for both species;stolon mass ratios were significantly smaller in the smaller trays than in the larger ones,although there were no obvious patterns during the course of the experiment.In addition,for both species,internode length was shorter but the number of ramets was greater in the smaller trays at early sampling times.We conclude that plants invest greater biomass in resource-exploring organs(stolons) than in resource-exploiting organs(leaves or roots) as they initially establish in a habitat.The relatively lower plant productivity in the largest trays at early sampling times presumably reflects the cost of exploration prior to resource exploitation and utilization.     

Variation of Zr/Rb ratios on the Loess Plateau of Central China during the last 130000 years and its implications for winter monsoon

To find a new index of winter monsoon without effects of chemical weathering and pedogenesis is an important task in loess research. Chemical analysis of five grain size fractions (i.e. >32 μm, 32–20 μm, 20–8 μm, 8–2 μm and <2 μm) show that Zr is enriched in coarser grain size, while Rb is concentrated in finer fractions. An excellent correlation occurs between Zr/Rb ratios and mean grain size in loess units (L₁LL₁ and L₁LL₂) from Huanxian and Xifeng sections, reflecting that Zr/Rb ratios increase when grain size is coarser. Due to immobility of the two elements during the postdepositional process, Zr/Rb ratios can eliminate the effect of weathering and pedogenesis and serve as an excellent proxy on winter monsoon variation. The Zr/Rb ratio curves of the Huanxian, Xifeng and Luochuan sections during the last 130000 years show that the winter monsoon strength was very weak during MIS 3, which corresponded to the intensity during MIS 5.     

A型肉毒杆菌毒素的基因测序与分析

对国内A型肉毒杆菌毒素基因测序,分析了解毒素基因结构并推测其氨基酸序列。提取肉毒杆菌总DNA,利用自行设计的引物对目的基因进行PCR扩增,把目的基因导入E.Coli JM109,筛选含目的基因的阳性克隆菌进行测序和分析,从而了解毒素基因结构并推测其氮基酸序列。对A型肉毒杆菌毒素基因的核苷酸序列成功测序并与GenBank中的相应序列比较,其序列同源性为96％。推测其氨基酸序列同源性为100％。成功地对A型肉毒杆菌毒素的基因进行了测序,这为肉毒杆菌毒素中毒的快速诊断,以及进一步探求以基因工程方法生产此毒素奠定基础。     

Inhibitory effect of the adenovirus type 5 E1A protein expressed in the yeast system of the human tumor cell growth

Adenovirus 5 type E1A as a tumor suppressor gene can inhibit tumor growth and enhance the censitivity of chemotherapy and radiotherapy.E1A have the ability to integrate into the host genome,resulting in long-time expres-sion that induces Rb gene inactivation and animal cells im-mortalization.This prompted us to select the E1A protein for treatment of cancer in order to overcome the limitations of E1A gene therapy.Thus,we firstly comstructed E1A eu-caryotic expression vector (pPIC9/E1A),transformated the pichia pastoris yeast cells(GS115) and screened the high-expressing recombinant strains.The positive yeast strains were cultured in the shake flask,and induced for 3d.The crude E1A protein was purified using two steps of col-umu chromatography on HiTrap Q and HiTrap SP.The pu-rified E1A protein was identified by SDS-PAGE and Western blot.E1A protein was mostly located at cellular unclear when Cheriot delivered E1A protein into cells.The analysis in vitro indicated that the E1A protein arrested LN686 cell cycle at G2/M phase,and significantly inhibited the growth of LN686 tumor cells.The current studies firstly provided an experimental basis to further develop E1A protein for tumor treatment.     

滇西富碱斑岩型多金属矿稀有气体同位素组成特征及地质意义*

通过对滇西富碱斑岩型多金属矿区稀有气体同位素组成的研究表明,黄铁矿和石英脉等流体包裹体中3He/4He值主要为0.160 8~3.470 0 Ra,远高于地壳特征值,而整体略低于地幔特征值;20Ne/22Ne和21Ne/22Ne平均值分别为11.271和0.032 2,接近地幔同位素组成;40Ar/36Ar和38Ar/36Ar平均值分别为395.51和0.197 6,均高于大气比值,而低于MORB比值;128~136Xe/130Xe值与大气相比均表现出过剩的特征。综合研究表明,滇西多金属矿区包裹体中稀有气体同位素组成在显示含矿流体的幔源特征的同时,又表现出强烈的地壳特征;成矿流体主要源于深部地幔,在参与交代蚀变过程中,其性质由熔浆向热液过渡,同时引发壳幔物质叠加混染,正是这种流体作用构成了滇西新生代富碱斑岩多金属成矿的内在统一制约因素。