Production of ergotamine by a strain ofClaviceps purpurea (Fr.) Tul.

Riassunto Un ceppo diClaviceps purpurea indicato con la sigla 275 F.I. produce in coltura sommersa 1100–1500g/ml di una miscela di alcaloidi peptidici costituita principalmente da ergotammina (80%). Sono riportati i terreni colturali, le condizioni di coltura e l'andamento di una tipica fermentazione.     

Inhibition of cholesterol synthesis ex vivo and in vivo by fluvastatin,a new inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase

The inhibitory effect of fluvastatin sodium (fluvastatin), a new type of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl (HMG) coenzyme A inhibitor, on de novo cholesterol synthesis was investigated and compared with that of pravastatin. Fluvastatin at a concentration of 12.5 mg/kg inhibited sterol synthesis ex vivo from [¹⁴C]acetate in rat liver and ileum by 97–99% with respect to the control, while the inhibition in kidney was 55%. The inhibition by fluvastatin in the liver and ileum persisted for approximately 9 h after administration. Significant differences between fluvastatin also had an inhibitory effect on cholesterol synthesis in vivo in various tissues of rats given [¹⁴C]acetate intraperitoneally. Sterol synthesis in the liver, ileum and kidney was inhibited by over 95% 3 h after administration of 6.25 mg/kg of fluvastatin. Significant differences between fluvastatin and pravastatin were found in the liver and ileum. Fluvastatin was more potent than pravastatin in inhibiting both ex vivo and in vivo sterol synthesis in the ileum (but not in kidney) and liver.     

Forecasting the economic recession in the U.K. 1979-1982: A comparison of model-based ex ante Forecasts

This paper compares the forecasts of recession and recovery made by five non-government U.K. teams modelling the economy (Cambridge Econometrics, the London Business School, the National Institute of Economic and Social Research, the Cambridge Economic Policy Group and the Liverpool Research Group). The paper concentrates on annual ex ante projections as published over the period 1978-1982, i.e. forecasts made, before the event, of the onset, length, depth and character of the economic recession in the U.K. which began in 1979. The comparison is in terms of year by year changes in production, unemployment, prices and other variables. It concludes that no group was systematically better or worse than other groups (confirming U.S. experience) and that the groups tended to perform better in their chosen areas of specialization, e.g. medium-term groups did better at forecasting the medium-term outcome.     

Alkaloids ofBerberis laurina Billb. II. Two new phenolic biscoclaurine alkaloids

Zusammenfassung Die Isolierung von zwei neuen dauricinartigen AlkaloÏden, Espinin and Espinidin, ausBerberis laurina, und deren Strukturaufklärung durch Spektroskopie und Degradation werden beschrieben.     

Alkaloids of apocynaceae IV. Dregamine,a new alkaloid fromVoacanga dregei E. M.

Zusammenfassung Dregamine, ein neues Alkaloid aus der ApocynaceaeVoacanga dregei E. M. wurde isoliert und charakterisiert. Diese Verbindung stellt einen neuen Vertreter der Klasse der 2-Acyl-indole dar.

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Alkaloids of Apocynaceae III,M. Gorman, N. Neuss, J. A. Deyrup, andN. J. Cone, J. Amer. chem. Soc. (1959), in press.     

Diethylmesoxalate hydrate, a new irreversible inhibitor of cholinesterases.

Bovine erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase and human plasma cholinesterase are irreversibly inhibited by diethylmesoxalate hydrate, the inhibition potency being comparable to that of certian insecticidal organophosphates and carbamates. Insect cholinesterases, however, appear to be much less affected by diethylmesoxalate hydrate. The compound was also found to inhibit the hydrolysis of paraoxon by rabbit plasma A-esterase, but in a reversible mode.     

Oxygen heterocycles. Maackiain,a new naturally occurring chromanocoumaran

Zusammenfassung AusMaackia amurensis Rupr. et Maxim. var.Buergeri (Maxim.) C. K. Schneid wurde ausser dem bekannten Sophorol ein Phenol C₁₆H₁₂O₅ isoliert. Auf Grund spektroskopischer Untersuchungen und dem Vergleich mit einem synthetisch hergestellten Derivat (III;R=CH₃) wird dem Maackiain die Struktur (I;R=H) eines Chromanocumarans zugeschrieben.

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Paper IV. Paper III in this series seeH. Suginome, Tetrahedron Letters No. 19, 16 (1960).

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Read before the 14th Annual Meeting of the Chemical Society of Japan, Tokyo (April 1961).     

Ketoconazole -- a new broad spectrum orally active antimycotic.

Oral treatment with ketoconazole prevented and cured artificial crop candidosis of the turkey, vaginal candidosis of the rat and skin candidosis of the guinea-pig. It was also highly effective against artificial systemic candidosis of the guinea-pig and chicken as well as against dermatophytoses of the guinea-pig.     

Scanning-autoradiography--a new method for the demonstration of membrane-surface-associated structures.

A method for the demonstration of membrane-localized markers and receptors is described which results from the combination of autoradiography and scanning electronmicroscopy.     

A new antifungal antibiotic produced byStreptomyces sp. Ac2435

Zusammenfassung Ein neues antifungales Antibioticum,Streptomyces sp. Ac₂(435) wurde mit breitem Spektrum isoliert. Die aktive Substanz ist ein amorphes, nicht-kristallines weisses Pulver, das in Wasser mässig löslich ist. Die Substanz ist lichtempfindlich und bei 100°C inaktiv. Vergleichsproben mit bekannten Substanzen ergaben eine Tetraenverbindung.     

A new chromosome race ofSorex araneus L. from Northern Poland

Summary G-band patterns were studied in the chromosomes of two Polish populations of the common shrew. Two chromosome races were established in Poland, differing by various combinations of chromosome arms.