盲孔法识别拉(压)弯钢管内力的分析与试验

为了解在役拉(压)弯钢管的内力情况,在盲孔法测量钢结构应力的基础上,提出了拉(压)弯钢管的内力识别方法.采用盲孔法对不同外径、不同荷载下的3组9根钢管试件进行了2种不同方式下的钻孔试验,研究了不同钻孔方式、不同外径、不同表面应力分布情况下的钻孔释放规律.试验结果表明:钻孔加工应变对测量精度影响较大,计算应力时应消除钻孔加工应变的影响;在应力超过f_y/2时需对释放系数进行塑性修正;钢管表面应力的测量精度随钢管直径的增大而提高.盲孔法用于拉(压)弯钢管的表面应力检测和杆件内力识别,无论理论上还是实际操作都是可行的,识别精度满足工程应用要求.     

多分析软件融合技术的有限元分析计算方法探索

在对某企业常用的平台类钢结构件应力应变分析计算时,应用Solidworks三维设计软件、ANSYS和MSC.Patran/Marc有限元分析计算软件等的多软件融合方法进行了对平台类钢结构件的有限元应力应变分析计算。通过实例,经反复分析、计算与验证,证明这种多软件融合的有限元分析计算方法在有限元分析计算中是切实可行的,能够达到对钢结构件实现快速、准确、有效地进行有限元应力应变分析计算。     

盲孔法测量复合材料残余应力释放应变矩阵的有限元分析

对盲孔法测量正交各向异性复合材料残余应力释放应变矩阵进行有限元分析.以碳/环氧正交各向异性材料板为基础,对于不同孔深的盲孔进行有限元计算,得出与其相对应的释放应变矩阵,并分析孔深对释放应变矩阵的影响.为实际工程中残余应力的测试奠定了基础.     

由单阶跃应变试验预测两阶跃应力松驰

从分析非线性粘弹性体单队跃应力松驰函数的性质入手，指出内蕴时标对应变应程的依赖关系，从而修正了两阶跃应力松驰的表达式。在八种不同情况下，这些表达式的计算曲线与两阶跃应变试验的实测点都很吻合。     

基于SolidWorks的设备集成舱基座有限元应力分析

针对FPSO水下检测中对集成式工作舱的应用需求，通过SolidWorks软件建立了集成式工作舱三维模型，依据设备分布情况对其结构进行设计及分析，并通过SolidWorks Simulation对集成式工作舱基座的复杂受力位置进行应力应变分析和针对性的优化基座设计。计算结果表明，吊机载荷对基座的影响主要体现在底板与底横梁接触面，应力、位移、应变分析有力证明了不同结构的受力差异，优化设计结构能将吊机对基座的载荷均衡分配和降低局部极限受力。研究提出的优化设计方案对集成式工作舱在复杂海洋环境应用有实际指导意义。     

基于盲孔法的网架焊接空心球节点球面焊趾处残余应力的测试

基于盲孔法对3种规格的焊接空心球节点球面焊趾处焊接残余应力进行了试验测量,根据常规模型和Kirsch理论解对比计算了本次试验选取的应变片的应变释放系数。依据Scara-Mangas经验公式对计算得到的球面径向、环向焊接残余应力进行塑性修正,最终得出球面焊接残余应力分布图。探讨了焊接残余应力对工程领域中节点疲劳的影响。     

大变形条件下材料本构关系研究

推导了轴向均匀大变形等截面杆的Lagrangian-Green应变张量和Eulerian应变张量以及分别与它们能量共轭的第二类Piola-Kirchhoff应力张量和Cauchy应力张量的表达式,给出了这2对能量共轭的应力应变张量的本构关系式。计算结果表明:当工程应变较小时,可以直接用常值弹性模量代替真实弹性模量进行计算;当工程应变较大时,必须对常值弹性模量进行修正。     

循环载荷下缺口板弹塑性应变分布测定

用电测法测定了带有中心圆孔矩形铝合金（ＬＹ－１２－ＣＺ）板在循环载荷作用下横截面的弹塑性应变分布，同时测定了循环载荷下孔边应力──应变回线，弹塑性应变集中系数Ｋε和应力集中系数Ｋσ，并和四种近似公式的计算结果进行了比较。发现在循环加载情况下用电测法绘制载荷──应变回线，并根据回线出现畸变的现象，可以灵敏的检测裂纹的萌生和早期扩展。     

压实黄土应力-应变-时间特性

为研究压实黄土应力-应变-时间的关系,对比分析了Singh-Mitchell、Mesri、Lin-Wang等经验模型,在甘肃省陇西Q3压实黄土的室内一维固结试验基础上,利用参数变异法推导出适用于压实黄土的Singh-Mitchell修正模型.其中应力-应变关系与应变-时间关系都用幂次关系模拟.模型中3个参数物理意义明确,均可由室内一维固结试验得出,并分析了干密度与含水质量分数对参数的影响规律.研究结果表明,模型计算结果与实测结果一致,为研究压实黄土应力-应变-时间特性提供了一种新方法.     

抛物面形零件冲压成形悬空侧壁圆锥台变形区的应力应变计算

应力和应变的分布情况可以反映出零件在成形过程中的变形特点,它是研究零件冲压成形的基础.采用主应力法推导出了冲压成形过程中旋转抛物面形零件悬空侧壁圆锥台变形区的应力和应变计算公式,以材料为SS304不锈钢的抛物面形零件为算例,得出其应力和应变分布趋势.另外,还计算出了抛物面形零件冲压成形时的应力分界圆直径和应变分界圆直径,其中,应变分界圆直径的计算结果与已有实验数据一致.通过对旋转抛物面形零件冲压成形过程中悬空侧壁圆锥台变形区应力和应变分布的研究,明确零件的成形过程和变形特点,为其冲压成形时内皱曲极限的预报与控制奠定了基础.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.