共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 18 毫秒
1.
Mario Bunge 《Foundations of Science》2017,22(4):695-707
Axiomatization is uncommon outside mathematics, partly for being often viewed as embalming, partly because the best-known axiomatizations have serious shortcomings, and partly because it has had only one eminent champion, namely David Hilbert (Math Ann 78:405–415, 1918). The aims of this paper are (a) to describe what will be called dual axiomatics, for it concerns not just the formalism, but also the meaning (reference and sense) of the key concepts; and (b) to suggest that every instance of dual axiomatics presupposes some philosophical view or other. To illustrate these points, a theory of solidarity will be crafted and axiomatized, and certain controversies in both classical and quantum physics, as well as in the philosophy of mind, will be briefly discussed. The upshot of this paper is that dual axiomatics, unlike the purely formal axiomatics favored by the structuralists school, is not a luxury but a tool helping resolve some scientific controversies. 相似文献
2.
Woosuk Park 《Foundations of Science》2016,21(3):511-526
In some sense, both ontological and epistemological problems related to individuation have been the focal issues in the philosophy of mathematics ever since Frege. However, such an interest becomes manifest in the rise of structuralism as one of the most promising positions in recent philosophy of mathematics. The most recent controversy between Keränen and Shapiro seems to be the culmination of this phenomenon. Rather than taking sides, in this paper, I propose to critically examine some common assumptions shared by both parties. In particular, I shall focus on their assumptions on (1) haecceity as an individual essence, (2) haecceity as a property, (3) the classification of properties, and thereby (4) the search for the principle of individuation in terms of properties. I shall argue that all these assumptions are mistaken and ungrounded from Scotus’ point of view. Further, I will fathom what consequences would follow, if we reject each of these assumptions. 相似文献
3.
Seungbae Park 《Foundations of Science》2017,22(3):613-625
The pessimistic induction over scientific theories (Poincaré in Science and hypothesis, Dover, New York, 1905/1952) holds that present theories will be overthrown as were past theories. The pessimistic induction over scientists (Stanford in Exceeding our grasp: science, history, and the problem of unconceived alternatives, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2006) holds that present scientists cannot conceive of future theories just as past scientists could not conceive of present theories. The pessimistic induction over realists (Wray in Synthese 190(18):4321–4330, 2013) holds that present realists are wrong about present theories just as past realists were wrong about past theories. The pessimistic induction over antirealist theories (Park in Organon F 21(1):3–21, 2014) holds that the latest antirealist explanation of the success of science (Lyons in Philos Sci 70(5):891–901, 2003) has hidden problems just as its eight predecessors did. In this paper, I (1) criticize the pessimistic inductions over scientific theories, scientists, and realists, (2) introduce a pessimistic induction over antirealist theories, and then (3) construct two new pessimistic inductions. One is a pessimistic induction over antirealists according to which the author of the latest antirealist proposal cannot see hidden problems with his proposal just as his antirealist predecessors could not see hidden problems with their proposals. The other is the pessimistic induction over pessimists according to which since past pessimists have been wrong about their present scientific theories from the early twentieth century to the early twenty-first century, future pessimists will also be wrong about their present scientific theories from the early twenty-first century to the early twenty-second century. 相似文献
4.
5.
6.
7.
今年2月4日,约旦国王侯赛因在美国病危回国。次日约旦政府宣布他已处于“脑死亡”(braindeath)状态,依靠医疗器械维持生命;国外有传媒称他已“临床死亡”(clinicaldeath)。两天后,约旦政府正式宣布侯赛因于当天上午逝世。读了这些报道,... 相似文献
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
首先,我想谈一谈对自然界进行哲学探讨的一个特别重要的例子,这就是关于物理学真理问题的哲学探讨。我首先要问:有没有物理学的规律? 相似文献
15.
哲学是什么?哲学家应该做些什么? 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
什么是哲学?我国的哲学教科书、辞书和辅导读物,无一例外地下了这样一个定义:“哲学是关于自然知识、社会知识和思维知识的概括和总结。”这个定义全面涉及了哲学的研究对象、任务和方法。值得我们思考的是,这样界定哲学是否恰当?笔者的意见如下:1.20世纪知识的增长,使得哲学的“概括和总结”既无必要,也不可能。一、关于“不必要”。任何一项知识活动,各自有各自的概括和总结。具体知识的专家比非专业化的哲学家更熟悉也更善于总结自己知识领域的学术成果。在这方面,哲学家们未见得有特别高明之处。事实上,那些缺乏专门知识… 相似文献
16.
17.
科学家预计,从2002年起将有可能出现厄尔尼诺现象。厄尔尼诺为什么会“卷土重来”?1月30日,在厄尔尼诺现象研究中做了不少工作的我国科学家根据科学资料和发现做出了解释。 相似文献
18.
19.
Gertrudis Van de Vijver 《Foundations of Science》2012,17(1):5-7
This commentary addresses the question of the meaning of critique in relation to objectivism or dogmatism. Inspired by Kant’s
critical philosophy and Husserl’s phenomenology, it defines the first in terms of conditionality, the second in terms of oppositionality.
It works out an application on the basis of Salthe’s (Found Sci 15 4(6):357–367, 2010a) paper on development and evolution, where competition is criticized in oppositional, more than in conditional terms. 相似文献