复合破乳剂的性能评价

摘要：大庆油田原油脱水效率不稳定,环境污染严重,为此,本文选用PRJ-1生物破乳乳剂与化学破乳剂SP-169和GT-D01复配,对大庆原油进行破乳实验,结果PRJ-1能很好的与SP-169复合破乳,破乳速率快、脱出水清澈;而与GT-D01复合,破乳效率提高不明显。通过实验表明,PRJ-1生物破乳剂与SP-169化学破乳剂具有良好的协同作用,能够满足目前油田对破乳剂的要求。     

酸化返排液/原油乳状液的破乳脱水研究

 酸化返排液与原油混合可形成稳定性强的乳状液,影响原油的脱水及原油沉降罐的安全运行.通过室内实验考察温度、破乳剂加量、pH 值及降黏剂加量对乳状液黏度和破乳效果的影响,并采用显微镜观察不同阶段乳状液微观形态变化.实验表明:酸化返排液与原油混合成的乳状液其黏度随温度升高先急剧下降,后平缓下降,在温度低于40℃时乳状液稳定性较强,温度50~60℃时,随着温度升高,乳状液脱水率上升幅度不大,综合选取破乳温度为50℃;添加破乳剂有利于降低乳状液黏度,但效果不明显,破乳剂加量越大,乳状液破乳效果越好,当破乳剂加量达到150 mg/L 后,随破乳剂用量加大,乳状液脱水率上升幅度不大,综合选取破乳剂加量为150 mg/L;调节酸化返排液pH 值至6.0～7.0 有利于乳状液破乳,pH 值越高,油水界面变得棱角分明,脱出水的原油结构更加紧密;加入降黏剂后,乳状液脱水速度明显加快.研究结论对指导油田酸化改造后,井口初期返出的乳状液实施破乳具有借鉴作用.     

原油破乳剂破乳的认识浅谈

原油乳状液的稳定性越强,破乳难度越大,给原油的脱水处理带来了很多问题。原油乳状液破乳的问题得到许多专家的分析研究,目前化学破乳剂破乳法被全国各大油田所广泛应用。但对于马北试采作业区而言破乳剂的研究还不够深入,仍然存在破乳剂种类单一,破乳剂破乳温度、用量不够准确等诸多问题。     

高含聚合物原油破乳剂Pel-01的研制及应用

针对河南油田破乳剂主要是以复配为主,油田使用的原油破乳剂BP-169和SP169对高含聚合物的破乳效果较差的情况,采用三组分复配法研制了水溶性低温高效破乳剂Pel-01.室内对比评价表明:Pel-01在脱水率、脱水速度、油水界面等指标上均明显优于BP-169和SP169.下二门联合站6d的现场试验结果表明,使用Pel-01破乳剂破乳效果明显提高,投入使用后平均每天可减少加药量20kg,而且指标均达到外输原油的要求.     

高含聚合物原油破乳剂Pel—01的研制及应用

针对河南油田破乳剂主要是以复配为主，油田使用的原油破乳剂BP—169和SP169对高含聚合物的破乳效果较差的情况，采用三组分复配法研制了水溶性低温高效破乳剂Pel—01．室内对比评价表明：Pel—01在脱水率、脱水速度、油水界面等指标上均明显优于BP—169和SP169．下二门联合站6d的现场试验结果表明，使用Pel—01破乳剂破乳效果明显提高，投入使用后平均每天可减少加药量20kg，而且指标均达到外输原油的要求．     

原油生物破乳剂的研究与应用

研制了一种原油生物破乳剂 ,并对其进行了室内与现场中试试验 ,考察了其对油田采出液的破乳及脱水效果。室内及现场试验结果表明 ,与标样及目前现场常用的化学破乳剂相比 ,原油生物破乳剂具有优良的破乳及脱水性能。破乳后的油水界面清晰 ,脱出水中含油量低。对原油生物破乳剂的破乳机理分析结果表明 ,破乳作用的主要因素是微生物胞体。     

原油生物破乳剂的研究与应用

研制了一种原油生物破乳剂，并对其进行了室内与现场中试试验，考察了其对油田采出液的破乳及脱水效果。室内及现场试验结果表明，与标样及目前现场常用的化学破乳剂相比，原油生物破乳剂具有优良的破乳及脱水性能。破乳后的油水界面清晰，脱出水中含油量低。对原油生物破乳剂的破乳机理分析结果表明，破乳作用的主要因素是微生物胞体。     

一种高效原油破乳剂的合成与性能评价

通过以对叔丁基酚醛树脂作为引发剂与环氧丙烷、环氧乙烷聚合得到二嵌段聚氧丙烯聚氧乙烯醚破乳剂。采用端基酯化法,在一定温度下利用浓硫酸对二嵌段聚氧丙烯聚氧乙烯醚破乳剂进行酯化,合成了一种高效原油破乳剂,并采用锦州9—3油矿的原油进行了实验室破乳脱水实验。实验结果表明,经过酯化后的二嵌段聚醚破乳剂在70℃,加药质量浓度为50mg/L,脱水15min时脱水率为75%;脱水90min时脱水率达到了93.75%,实现了出水速度快,破乳效率高且油水界面整齐。     

原油超声破乳研究

超声波原油破乳是一种很有发展前景的新型破乳方法，重点研究了可控因素包括超声声强、作用时间、沉降时间、破乳剂用量、温度等对超声波原油破乳脱水的影响，用声压换算法测量了声强。     

陕北原油破乳剂与添加剂复配研究

为了得到陕北原油的优良复配破乳剂，用该地区有代表性的宝塔区、安塞和子长原油，在实验条件下从该地区正在使用的商品破乳剂申筛选出四种．破乳脱水睦能较好的破乳刺．GT-940、YT-100、SP-169、HQ96-1。将这四种破乳剂与OP乳化剂、洗衣粉等添加剂按不同比例进行破乳剂-添加剂复配。发现只有GT-940与OP乳化剂和洗衣粉的复配破乳剂对宝塔区原油的破乳脱水性能得到改善。对宝塔区原油GT-940与OP乳化剂复配脱水率最高配比是4：1；GT-940和洗衣粉的复配物脱水率最高配比是2：3。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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Brief Introduction to “Journal of Jilin University( Science Edition) ”

<正>"Journal of Jilin University(Science Edition)"is a comprehensive academic journal in the fields of science sponsored by Jilin University and administrated by the Ministry of Education of the Peoples Republic of China.The journal started publication in 1955.The original name at starting publication was"Journal of Natural Science of Northeast People University",which was changed into"Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Jilinensis"in 1958 owing to the name change of the university.The present journal name has