锌酸盐镀锌镍合金添加剂研制及其镀液性能研究

以碱性锌酸盐为基液,加入适量的镍盐、络合剂和自制的添加剂,即得碱性锌酸盐镀Zn-Ni合金的电镀液.通过霍尔槽实验优选出最佳的镀液配方和工艺条件,并对镀液的分散能力、阴极电流效率、沉积速度、稳定性和镀层的耐腐蚀性等进行了测试.结果表明:该镀液成分简单、操作方便,分散能力为77.16%,平均阴极电流效率为75%,平均沉积速率为34.88μm/h,所得Zn-Ni合金镀层结晶均匀细致、光亮平整,耐腐蚀性能好.     

高温自润滑铁－铼合金电镀层

研究了用电镀法制取铁－铼高温自润滑合金的可能性。结果表明，电流密度，高铼酸根离子浓度等因素对镀层含铼量和阴极电流效率有较大影响，确定了较适宜的镀液组成和电镀条件。摩擦实验结果表明，铁－铼镀层有高温自润滑的作用，有希望代替整体冶炼的铁－铼合金。     

化学镀镍硼合金镀层组织形态及其形成机制

基于化学镀镍硼合金镀层的组织形态和成分、结构．探讨了镍硼合金镀层的沉积规律．分析表明，镀层在侧向和纵向上的相对沉积速度快慢是影响镀层组织形态的关键因素．柱状组织的形成原因是由于纵向沉积速度相对较快，该组织镀层含镍量相对较高，结构是非晶晶态混合结构；圆粒状组织是在侧向、纵向沉积速度较接近的条件下形成的，其成分中硼的含量相对较高，镀层结构趋于完全非晶态．     

电镀镍硼合金镀层结构与性能

在电镀法制取镍硼合金研究的基础上，用Ｘ射线衍射方法对镍硼合金电沉积层的结构进行了测试和分析，并研究了镀层的性能，结果表明，电镀镍硼合金镀层在镀态下硼含量较低时为过饱和固溶体，随着硼含量的增加，由晶态向非晶态过渡，在３５０℃左右析出硼化物相。镀层有很高的硬度和较好的耐磨性，镀态硬度可达７００－８００ＨＶ，经过热处理后可超过１３００ＨＶ，此外，镀层有一定的耐酸性能和很强的耐碱液腐蚀的性能。这种合金作为     

高速电镀锌－镍合金

采用高速电镀实验装置强制电解液湍流运动，在高电流密度下，对简单硫酸盐体系中Ｚｎ－Ｎｉ合金电沉积规律进行了研究，证明Ｚｎ－Ｎｉ共沉积为异常共沉积，镀液中［ＮＩ］／［Ｎｉ＋Ｚｎ］比及电流密度增加，镀层镍含量上升；镀液流速增加，镍含量下降。确定了高速电镀该合金工艺。     

高速电镀锌—镍合金

采用高速电镀实验装置强制电解液湍流运动，在高电流密度下，对简单硫酸盐体系中Ｚｎ－Ｎｉ合金电沉积规则进行了研究。证明了Ｚｎ－Ｎｉ共沉积为异常共沉积，镀液中［Ｎｉ］／［Ｎｉ＋Ｚｎ］比及电流密度增加，镀层镍含量上升；镀液流速增加，镍含量下降，确定了高速电镀该合金工艺。     

三价铬电沉积非晶态Fe-Ni-Cr合金的研究

研究了一种电镀液性能优良、重现性好且利于环保的非晶态Fe-Ni-Cr合金电沉积新技术，采用此技术获得的非晶态Fe-Ni-Cr合金中Fe、Ni和Cr的质量分数分别为45％－55％，33％－37％和9％－23％。利用正交试验法对电镀液的配方和工艺参数进行了优化，采用优化的方法于室温下电沉积20min可得到Fe、Ni和Cr质量分数分别为54.4%,33.9%和11.7%的镜面非晶态Fe-Ni-Cr合金镀层，镀层厚度达11.3μm、维氏硬度达560左右。分别采用等离子发射光谱（ICP－AES）、X－射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和X－射线荧光分析等方法对非晶态Fe-Ni-Cr合金镀层的组成、结构、性能、厚度及其影响因素了检测分析。实验结果表明，镀液组分对合金镀层成分有较明显的影响，而电沉积操作条件则对合金镀层物理性能的影响较为明显。只有当电镀液中含有稳定剂H－W时电沉积所得合金镀层中才有Cr存在，且由于稳定剂H－W与添加剂的共同作用，导致所得Fe-Ni-Cr合金镀层具有非晶态结构。     

电镀条件对镍相合金镀层结构组织和催化活性的影响

本较系统地研究了镍钼合金的电镀条件对镀层的化学组成，表面结构和析氢催化活性的影响。镀层中的钼含量和催化活性随镀液中钼含量的增加而增加。在较低ｐＨ值下电镀得到的镍钼合金具有较佳的析氢电催化活性。在ｌｍｏｌ／Ｌ ＮａＯＨ溶液，４０℃和１００ｍＡ／ｃｍ＾２电解条件下，析氢过电位约为１２２ｍＶ．用Ｘ光电子能谱和扫描电镜分别分析了镀层的表面元素价态和表面结构组织。     

电镀条件对镍钼合金镀层结构组织和催化活性的影响

本文较系统地研究了镍钼合金的电镀条件对镀层的化学组成、表面结构和析氢催化活性的影响。镀层中的钼含量和催化活性随镀液中钼含量的增加而增加。在较低ｐＨ值下电镀得到的镍钼合金具有较佳的析氢电催化活性。在１ｍｏｌ／ＬＮａＯＨ溶液，４０℃和１００ｍＡ／ｃｍ２电解条件下，析氢过电位约为１２２ｍＶ。用Ｘ光电子能谱和扫描电镜分别分析了镀层的表面元素价态和表面结构组织。     

镍—金刚石复合电镀的研究

研究耐磨性镍－金刚石复合镀层的共沉积过程，讨论镀液中金刚石微粒的悬浮量，镀液温度和阴极电流 对复合镀层中金刚石共沉积量的影响结果表明：选择适当的共沉积参数，可制备出金刚石微粒弥散较为均匀的耐磨复合镀层，镍－金刚石共沉积机理符合Ｇｕｇｌｉｅｌｍｉ的两步吸附模型，其速度控制步骤为强吸附步骤。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-