北京MSM人群HIV传播的贝叶斯推断

从北京地区收集了44例年轻男男同性恋(men who have sex with men,MSM)性行为者的人类免疫缺陷病毒(human immunodeficiency virus,HIV)-1基因序列,利用贝叶斯推断从中提取了一些有价值的流行病学信息,得到了传播动力学的重要参数:有效再生数Re.研究结果显示,200...     

李斯特氏菌的各种分型方法在其流行病学调查中的应用

李斯特氏菌是一种重要的人畜共患的食源性病原菌，选择适宜的方法对其进行分型研究，更有利于合理准确诠释李斯特氏菌病的流行病学。本文就李斯特氏菌的各种分型方法在其流行病学调查中的应用及其实用性进行了综述。     

移动电话射频辐射对机体免疫系统影响的研究进展

从流行病学调查、动物实验和体外研究等方面,综述了近年来国内外学者有关移动电话射频辐射对机体免疫系统影响的研究成果.目前,有关评价电磁场暴露及其危害的流行病学调查依据还很有限,动物实验和体外研究方面的实验结果也缺乏一致性,所以对移动电话射频辐射是否会影响人体健康尚无定论,主要是因为对射频场的作用机理不明确,导致无法制定测试电磁场效应的统一标准.因此,尽早明确射频场的作用机制从而确定流行病学和实验研究的生物指标,是揭示移动电话射频辐射生物学效应的必要途径.     

Fruit bats as a natural reservoir of zoonotic viruses

The outbreak of a cluster of three zoonotic diseases in Australasian region has caused devastating loss of hu-man life and economy between 1994 and 1999. Thepathogens of these diseases are newly discovered viruses and have caused a worldwide regard. The result of epide-miological research indicates that the outbreak is related to the natural history of the viruses that caused these dis-eases and fruit bats are the natural reservoir of theseagents. The appearance of atypical pneumonia referred …     

多水平Meta回归分析及其在流行病学研究中的应用

目的:介绍多水平Meta回归分析方法及其在流行病学研究中的应用.方法:检索并综合国内外Meta回归分析及流行病学资料Meta分析的相关文献.结果:检索到相关文献资料数十篇.结论:Meta分析可看作是多水平分析的一个特例.合并流行病学资料时,应进行Meta回归分析,评估各项研究间的异质性大小及来源.     

科尔沁地区幽门螺杆菌感染流行病学分析

目的:探讨科尔沁地区幽门螺杆菌(Helico bacter pylori,HP)感染的流行因素.方法:运用χ2检验和χ2趋势性检验初筛出11个因素,进行多元逐步回归分析.蒙古族、家庭成员胃病史和接触牲畜3个因素进入回归方程.结果:所调查的608例胃炎、胃溃疡病人HP感染流行因素结果显示,HP阳性率为53.94%(328/608).结论:蒙古族、家庭成员胃病史和接触牲畜这3个因素可能是本地区HP感染的主要因素,并可认为HP感染可能是人畜共患病之一.     

The spread of HIV-1 in Africa: sexual contact patterns and the predicted demographic impact of AIDS

The spread of HIV-1 in Africa is examined here in the light of recent information on the main epidemiological and behavioural determinants of transmission. Mathematical models incorporating demographic, epidemiological and behavioural processes are used to assess the potential demographic impact of the disease AIDS. These analyses highlight the significance of patterns of sexual behaviour, and in particular networks of sexual contact, on the predicted spread of infection. Current data reveal substantial variations in the degree of spread between and in countries, but new analyses support earlier predictions that in the worst-afflicted areas AIDS is likely to change population growth rates from positive to negative values in a few decades.     

Neonatal sunburn and melanoma in mice

Retrospective epidemiological data have indicated that cutaneous malignant melanoma may arise as a consequence of intense, intermittent exposure of the skin to ultraviolet radiation, particularly in children, rather than from the cumulative lifetime exposure that is associated with other forms of skin cancer. Here we use a genetically engineered mouse model to show that a single dose of burning ultraviolet radiation to neonates, but not adults, is necessary and sufficient to induce tumours with high penetrance which are reminiscent of human melanoma. Our results provide experimental support for epidemiological evidence that childhood sunburn poses a significant risk of developing this potentially fatal disease.     

氡及其子体对肺以外的组织器官是否有危险

吸入氡子体有致肺癌的危险是辐射防护界公认健康效应之一.文章总结了氡子体致肺癌的流行病调查结果.本文还给出了氡及其子体对其他组织器官所致剂量的计算结果,这些结果可用于评价氡及其子体对身体其他部分的可能危险.跟致肺癌的情况不一样,缺乏其他组织器官假设危害的流行病学调查结果.沉积到皮肤上的氡子体致皮癌的危险和溶于饮水中氡所致胃癌的危险没有过估,但其他危害好象不大.     

Lead and child development

A group of independent epidemiological studies shows that fetal exposure to levels of lead previously considered safe is linked to impairment of infant mental development.     

山东省青岛地区兔皮肤真菌病的流行病学调查

该调查于2009年6月至2010年5月采集山东省青岛地区880份疑似病兔的结痂和皮屑,用沙堡弱培养基培养,镜检其菌丝特点,并收集兔群的相关流行病学资料,最后对这一地区兔皮肤真菌病的流行情况进行分析.结果表明:确诊兔皮肤真菌病病例为162例(18.4%),其中须毛癣菌73例(45.1%),犬小孢子菌56例(34.6%),石膏样小孢子菌31例(19.1%);兔群在0-3月龄时最易感染该病,感染率高达14.3%,夏季为本病的高发季节(3.0%).     

A draft genome of Yersinia pestis from victims of the Black Death

Technological advances in DNA recovery and sequencing have drastically expanded the scope of genetic analyses of ancient specimens to the extent that full genomic investigations are now feasible and are quickly becoming standard. This trend has important implications for infectious disease research because genomic data from ancient microbes may help to elucidate mechanisms of pathogen evolution and adaptation for emerging and re-emerging infections. Here we report a reconstructed ancient genome of Yersinia pestis at 30-fold average coverage from Black Death victims securely dated to episodes of pestilence-associated mortality in London, England, 1348-1350. Genetic architecture and phylogenetic analysis indicate that the ancient organism is ancestral to most extant strains and sits very close to the ancestral node of all Y. pestis commonly associated with human infection. Temporal estimates suggest that the Black Death of 1347-1351 was the main historical event responsible for the introduction and widespread dissemination of the ancestor to all currently circulating Y. pestis strains pathogenic to humans, and further indicates that contemporary Y. pestis epidemics have their origins in the medieval era. Comparisons against modern genomes reveal no unique derived positions in the medieval organism, indicating that the perceived increased virulence of the disease during the Black Death may not have been due to bacterial phenotype. These findings support the notion that factors other than microbial genetics, such as environment, vector dynamics and host susceptibility, should be at the forefront of epidemiological discussions regarding emerging Y. pestis infections.     

科尔沁细毛羊“猝死症”的PCR快速检测

对科尔沁细毛羊猝死症的病原菌使用多联PCR扩增技术进行鉴定,确诊病原菌为A型魏氏梭菌.     

深圳地区儿童幽门螺杆菌抗体检测的流行病学调查

目的为了了解和探讨深圳地区儿童幽门螺杆菌(Helicobacter pylori 简称Hp)的感染状况而开展了本次血清流行病学调查.方法采用ELISA法对2000～2004年深圳地区来儿童医院就诊患儿进行抗Hp抗体阳性检测.结果显示722例儿童血清男性儿童Hp阳性率(9.09%)和女性儿童Hp阳性率(9.72%)大致相近, 随着年龄增加阳性率也随着增加,与年龄呈正相关.深圳关外的儿童的幽门螺杆菌感染率(13.77%)明显高于深圳关内的儿童的幽门螺杆菌感染率(8.11%).深圳地区儿童幽门螺杆菌感染呈逐年上升趋势.结论 ELISA法适合于在儿童中展开Hp的流行病学调查,同时也提示深圳地区儿童幽门螺杆菌感染状况不容忽视.     

一类带时滞的SIR传染病模型的稳定性与Hopf分岔分析

研究了一类带有时滞且具有预防接种免疫力的SIR传染病模型.借助特征值理论分析了无病平衡点和地方病平衡点的稳定性,同时以时滞为分岔参数,得出Hopf分岔的条件,进一步应用规范型和中心流形定理得出了关于Hopf分岔周期解的稳定性和分岔方向的计算公式.     

一个传染病模型的传染平衡位置的稳定性

本文研究了在恢复类中具有分布时滞和非线性接触率的ＳＩＲＳ传染病模型的传染平衡位置的稳定性。     

一类具Logistic增长的SIS传染病模型的周期解

讨论一类非自治两种传染病传染的Logistic增长SIS模型,得到系统至少存在一个正周期解的条件。     

禽流感的流行病学及其危害

通过对禽流感的易感动物、传染来源、传播途径、易感日龄等流行病学特点,对其的消毒药物与消毒方法的详细介绍,帮助人们正确认识禽流感并进行有效防治     

具有非线性接触率和种群动力学流行病模型

本文研究了具有非线性接触率和易感类中具有种群动力学的ＳＩＳ传染病模型的正不变集、平衡位置以及平衡位置的稳定性。     

产气肠杆菌和液化沙雷氏菌事感染引起鸭眼炎的诊断

流行病学调查、细菌分离培养鉴定及动物试验证明，成都某种鸭场流行的眼炎是由产气肠杆菌与液化沙雷氏菌混合感染引起的，并初步证明：该病可能经过破损的粘膜而感染，被污染的水源本是病发生和流行的传染来源。