Methyl cellosolve-induced sensitization of mice to bacterial endotoxin

Summary Treatment of mice with a sublethal dose of methyl cellosolve renders the animals 64-fold more sensitive to the toxic effects of bacterial endotoxin.Acknowledgments. I would like to thank Mr Larry Davis for his excellent technical assistance in these studies.This work was supported by the Naval Medical Research and Development Command, Research Work Unit No. MF585240013.1026. The opinions and assertions contained herein are the private ones of the writer and are not to be construed as official or reflecting the views of the Navy Department or the naval service at large. The experiments conducted herein were conducted according to the principles set forth in the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, Institute of Laboratory Resources, National Research Council.     

The influence of pH on the sex-related differences in renal organic ion transport

Summary The stimulating effects of elevated medium pH and androgen on in vitro transport of p-aminohippurate and N-methylnicotinamide (NMN) were additive, although the androgenic effect was pH-dependent only in the case of NMN. The similarity of response of the 2 systems supports the idea of a common passive efflux pathway for organic anions and cations.Naval Medical Research and Development Command, Research Task No. MS04101.0160. The opinions and assertions contained herein are the private ones of the authors and are not to be construed as official or reflecting the views of the Navy Department or the naval service at large. The experiments reported herein were conducted according to the principles set forth in the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources, National Research Council, DHEW Pub. No. (NIH) 74-23.     

Lead potentiation of endotoxin lethality in rats: lack of effect of kininase inhibition.

Although lead and SQ20881 are potent in vitro inhibitors of kininase II activity, SQ20881 does not alter the sensitivity of rats to endotoxin. These results indicate that marked changes in plasma kininase activity do not contribute to endotoxin morbidity and that kininase inhibition is not the mechanism whereby lead ions sensitize rats to endotoxin.     

Failure of ascorbic acid to influence brain catecholamines in the guinea-pig

Summary Lack of dietary ascorbic acid lowered plasma levels of ascorbic acid but failed to change levels of brain norepinephrine or dopamine.Investigators adhered during the research described in this report to the policy set forth in the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals by the Committee on Revision of the Guide for Laboratory Animal Resources, National Research Council.The opinions or assertions contained herein are the private views of the authors and are not to be construed as official or as reflecting the views of the Department of the Army or the Department of Defense.     

Morphological changes in the rabbit appendix following thymic transplants

Zusammenfassung Es wird nach Transplantation von homologem Thymusgewebe in den Blinddarm beim Kaninchen eine Proliferation des retikulären Gewebes erzeugt, was der Reaktion auf Gammaglobulin sehr ähnlich ist.

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In conducting the research reported herein, the investigators adhered to Guide for Laboratory Animal Facilities and Care established by the Committee on the Guide for Laboratory Animal Facilities and Care of the Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources, NAS-NRC.     

Synthesis and pharmacological properties of [1-N4-dimethyl-asparagine]-angiotensin II

Summary [1-N⁴-Dimethyl-asparagine]-angiotensin II was synthesized by Merrifield's solid-phase procedure. The analogue gave rat blood pressure about 70% relative potency to Hypertensin (Ciba). Rabbit aorta strips gave intrinsic activity _E=1, a PD₂ of 6.92±0.09 and an affinity relative to [Asn¹]-angiotensin II of 6.5%.The editors do not hold themselves responsible for the opinions expressed in the authors' brief reports. — Les auteurs sont seuls responsables des opinions exprimées dans ces brèves communications. — Für die Kurzmitteilungen ist ausschliesslich der Autor verantwortlich. — Per le brevi comunicazioni è responsabile solo l'autore. — . — Solo los autores son responsables de las opiniones expresadas en estas comunicationes breves.Acknowledgment. The authors wish to express their appreciation to Dr Emanuel Escher, School of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Sherbrooke, Quebec, for his help in providing the biological data and critical comments.     

Inhibition of tumor promotion by a lecanoric acid analogue

Summary 3, 5-Dichloro-2,4-dihydroxybenzanilide, an inhibitor of histidine decarboxylase, inhibited skin tumor promotion induced by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate in mice.Acknowledgments. The authors wish to thank Miss H. Iwami for technical assistance and members of the Central Research Laboratory of Sanraku-Ocean Co., Ltd for supplying lecanoric acid analogues. This work was supported in part by the Grantsin-Aid for Cancer Research from the Ministry of Education, Science and Culture and the Ministry of Health and Welfare of Japan.     

Effect of some syntheticα-N-alkyl glutamine derivatives on transplantable mouse tumours

Zusammenfassung Es wurde die Wirkung von 4 synthetischen-N-alkyl Derivaten desl-Glutamin auf die Entwicklung von implantierten Maustumoren geprüft und-N-butyl-l-Glutamin als aktivste Substanz ermittelt. Ihre Kombination mit 6-Merkaptopurin verursacht eine stärkere Wachstumshemmung der Tumoren als die Behandlung der Versuchstiere mit Einzelsubstanzen.

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This work is supported by a research grant from the National Council for Research and Development of Israel.     

Potential for rat plague from nonencapsulated variants of the plague bacillus (Yersinia pestis)

Summary Potentials for oral and flea-borne transmission of nonencapsulatedY. pestis were demonstrated when 45% of rats that consumed infected meat died of plague and 22% of the rats that died of plague had bacteremia.The views of the authors do not purport to reflect the position of the Department of the Army or the Department of Defense (para 4-3, AR 360-5).In conducting the research described in this report, the investigators adhered to the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals; promulgated by the Committee on Care and Use of Laboratory Animals of the Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources, National Research Council.     

Potentiation by crude kallikrein of the myotropic effect of angiotensin I in the isolated rabbit aortic strip

Summary Crude kallikrein (Padutin^®), but not pure kallikrein, when preincubated with angiotensin I caused a potentiation of the myotropic effect of decapeptide on the isolated continuously superfused rabbit aortic strip. Addition of converting enzyme inhibitor, SQ 20881, to the medium inhibited this potentiation. The potentiation by crude kallikrein of the myotropic effect of angiotensin I is probably due to the conversion of decapeptide to octapeptide angiotensin II. This study indicates that Padutin is not a pure kallikrein preparation and probably contains a kininase fraction which causes the conversion of angiotensin I.The authors are greatful to Prof. G. L. Haberland, Bayer AG, Elberfeld (BRD), for his generous gift of pure Kallikrein^® KZC 1/75; to Bayer, Leverkusen (BRD), for Padutin^® and to Squibb, New Jersey, USA, for SQ 20881. This work is supported in part by Eczacibai Research Foundation, Levent, Istanbul, Turkey. The technical assistance of Mr. M. Kabaçam is greatly appreciated.     

Deuterium isotope effects in the ninhydrin reaction of primary amines

Summary The rate of development of Ruhemann's purple in the ninhydrin reaction of two deuterated primary amines, -d₂-p-tyramine and -d₂--phenylethylamine, is significantly reduced It appears to be a primary isotope effect and indicates that the cleavage of the carbon-hydrogen bond at the -position is involved in the rate-determining step of the color reaction.Acknowledgements. We thank Dr A.A. Boulton for his advice and encouragement and the Canadian Medical Research Councel and Saskatchewan Health for their continuing financial support.     

Evidence for an intracytoplasmic membrane in the core of spores ofBacillus popilliae

Zusammenfassung Die Arbeit bringt den elektronenmikroskopischen Beweis für das Bestehen einer intracytoplasmatischen Membran im Cytoplasma (core) der Sporen vonBacillus popilliae.

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This investigation was supported by a research contract from the Northern Utilization Research and Development Division, US Department of Agriculture, Peoria (Illinois).     

The mechanism of blood vessel permeability derangement under the influence of histamine,serotonin and bradykinin

, , , , 10^–2-10^–3M NaCN . (, ). .     

(±)9, 10-dihydroxy-Δ 6a(10a)-tetrahydrocanabinol and (±)8, 9-dihydroxy-Δ 6a(10a)-tetrahydrocannabinol: 2 new cannabinoids fromCannabis sativa L.

Summary The structures of 2 new polyhydroxylated cannabinoids, (±)9, 10-dihydroxy- ^6a(10a)-tetrahydorcannabinol and (±)8, 9-dihydroxy- ^6a(10a)-tetrahydrocannabinol, obtained from a hexane extract of an IndianCannabis variant were determined by spectral means and correlation with cannabinol.Acknowledgments. Supported by contract No. HSM-42-70-109 from the National Institute on Drug Abuse and the Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi. The authors are grateful to Mrs Glenda Lewis (Research Institute) for running the gas chromatographic analyses and to Mr C. Versluis (Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, University Of Utrecht, The Netherlands) for recording an element list of both compounds.Cannabis Herbarium specimens are stored in the herbarium, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA.     

ß-Cannabispiranol: A new non-cannabinoid phenol from cannabis sativa L.

Summary An ethanol extract of Cannabis sativa L. afforded upon partitioning and repeated chromatography a new non-cannabinoid phenol [7-hydroxy-5-methoxy-spiro-(cyclohexane-1, 1-indan)-4\-ol](IIIa), named -cannabispiranol.Acknowledgments. Supported by contract HSM-42-70-109 and grant DA-00928-01 from the National Institute on Drug Abuse as well as the Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences. The authors are grateful to Mrs Glenda Lewis for running the GC analyses and to Dr Stephen Billets for running the Mass Spectra. Cannabis Herbarium specimens are stored in the Herbarium, Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, USA.     

Inheritance and expression ofEsterase-1 allozymes inPeromyscus leucopus

Summary We analyzed inheritance of 5Es-1 alleles inP. leucopus and found them to be co-dominant and segregating from a single autosomal locus, thereby verifying assumptions of Mendelian inheritance imfield data. We also described an allele that is silent in hemolysate, but is active in liver extract.Acknowledgment. Laboratory analysis was partially supported by a grant-in-aid (No. 0171-02-240-76) to Kaufman from the Research Foundation of State University of New York.     

Testicular Leydig cells and 277-1277-1277-1dehydrogenase in cadmium-treated toads (Bufo melanostictus)

Summary Injection of cadmium chloride in toad increased Leydig cell size (area) and ₅-3-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity in the testis.Acknowledgments. We would like to express our thanks to Dr C. Deb, Head of the Department of Physiology, Calcutta University, for his constant encouragement and Mr R. K. Bhattacharya, Microphotographer, Department of Physiology, for his kind cooperation. This work was supported by U. G. C. Teachers' Grants, New Delhi.     

Effects of injury on the concentration ofα 1 andα 2 in the plasmas of male and female rats

Summary The effects of injury on the concentration of ₁-macroglobulin and ₂-macroglobulin in the plasmas of male and female rats has been investigated. At 5 days after injury to the male rats the ₁-macroglobulin concentration increased to 131% of its preinjury value. The ₂-macroglobulin concentration increased more rapidly to a maximum of 86 times its initial value. In the female rats ₂-macroglobulin increased only slightly and ₁-macroglobulin not at all.     

Study of the relationship between the magnitude of biological activity and the structure of aliphatic compounds

Zusammenfassung Es wurde festgestellt, dass die experimentellen Daten der sogenannten physikalischen Toxizität von aliphatischen Verbindungen die Gleichung log ( _i/ _Ät)= erfüllen, wo _iund _Ät die Grösse der biologischen Wirkung des i-ten Derivats und des Äthylderivats bezeichnen und und die Konstanten sind. Die Bedeutung der beiden Konstanten wurde erwähnt.     

The antifertility action of α-chlorohydrin: metabolism by rat and boar sperm

Summary The male antifertility agent -chlorohydrin (I) is metabolized by rat and boar sperm to -chloroactaldehyde (III), -chlorolactate (IV) and Cl^– and not to the proposed active metabolite, -chlorohydrin-1-phosphate (III). It is proposed that -chlorolactaldehyde is produced intracellularly by a specific enzyme and that this is the metabolite responsible for the species-specific antifertility activity of -chlorohydrin.This work was supported by The National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia.