太阳能高压气体放电灯智能控制系统

为了提高太阳能高压气体放电灯照明效率,延长照明时间,实现智能充放电控制、智能照明控制,提出一种新型太阳能高压气体放电灯照明控制系统。系统充电控制策略实现了最大功率点跟踪技术和蓄电池三段式精确充电,照明控制策略采用变开关频率控制和恒功率控制。硬件结构采用单级式逆变结构,减少了硬件成本开销,提高了能量转化率。实验结果表明:该系统延长了蓄电池寿命及点灯时间,提高了电灯效率,效率达90%以上,使得太阳能高压钠灯照明系统智能、高效、稳定的运行。     

独立光伏照明系统中蓄电池充电控制策略

本文分析了独立光伏照明系统的组成,并研究了其控制策略,本文提出一种用于独立光伏照明系统的蓄电池充电控制策略,结合MPPT算法和蓄电池分段充电方法,能兼顾光伏电池的效率和蓄电池的寿命,实现了独立光伏照明系统的优化控制。通过Saber软件进行仿真验证,证明了理论的有效性和可行性。     

热声发电蓄电池系统最大充电功率捕获策略

目的研究行波热声发电蓄电池系统(TWTEGB)的组成结构,探索提高行波热声发电系统(TWTAEG)输出电功率稳定性和TWTEGB充电功率捕获能力的技术方法.方法根据热动力学原理,电磁感应定律和基尔霍夫定律建立了TWTEGB最大充电功率捕获控制系统模型,设计了采用Buck-Boost变换器对TWTAEG输入到蓄电池的充电电压进行斩波控制方式,实现TWTEGB最大充电功率捕获控制策略的MOSEFT开通与关断的切换方法.结果结合TWTAEG的运动学及输出电特性设计了AC/DC变换器开关管MOSEFT最优开通与关断的切换时间,利用脉冲宽度调制技术对TWTAEG输出电压进行控制,将TWTAEG输出的交变电能储存进蓄电池提高TWTEGB充电功率捕获能力.利用灶台余热TWTAEG数据进行仿真,TWTEGB捕获充电功率的能力比现有直接充电方式提高了26.6%.结论采用考虑TWTEGB运动特性和输出电特性设计的Buck-Boost变换器结构及其MOSEFT开通与关断的切换方法,不仅能提高蓄电池子系统从TWTEGB中捕获充电功率的能力,而且还可以提高TWTAEG输出电功率的能力及稳定性.     

船舶微网蓄电池储能系统安全充放电控制策略

为确保船舶微网蓄电池储能系统的安全充放电,提出一种新型充放电控制策略.该控制策略结合双向DC/DC变换器,以蓄电池侧电感平均电流为内环,充电过程外环采用恒压、涓流切换控制方式,放电过程外环采用恒功率、恒压切换的控制方式.以蓄电池剩余容量和端电压状态为约束条件,充放电过程均采用三阶段切换控制模式,详细分析了该控制策略下的运行过程,并对不同模式切换控制下的蓄电池运行特性进行仿真.搭建了一台试验样机,运行结果表明,蓄电池在该控制策略下能够在安全区域高效稳定运行,并具有快速的动态响应能力.     

基于恒压启动的MPPT光伏充电系统研究

开发了一种新型的独立光伏充放电控制系统,在最大功率跟踪(MPPT)方面以恒定的电压初值启动,开机后迅速跟踪到光伏电池的最大功率点.同时,把MPPT跟踪和充电方法结合起来,提出了一种新的三阶段充电策略.最后通过实验验证了恒压启动的MPPT和充电策略的有效性、正确性.     

基于AVR单片机的太阳能路灯照明系统设计

结合蓄电池的充电方法和特性,设计了基于ATmega 48单片机为核心的太阳能路灯照明系统,包括太阳能电池、蓄电池、充电电路、驱动电路和指示电路等,通过单片机软件算法编程科学地控制功率开关管的导通与关断,对蓄电池的充放电和路灯加以控制,科学地采用不同百分比的PWM对蓄电池进行充电,依据不同的需求选择不同工作模式进行供电照明。     

光伏发电系统中蓄电池充电控制研究

在光伏发电系统中,储能蓄电池达不到其使用寿命是制约光伏产业发展的一个重要因素。本文针对太阳能电池——蓄电池充电系统的特点,设计了一种基于PIC16F877A单片机的智能化光伏充电控制系统。该系统采用三段式充电控制策略,在快充阶段采用最大功率点跟踪控制策略,在过充和浮充阶段,采用基于比例积分PI调节的恒压充电。实验表明该控制策略很好地实现了对光伏电池的三段式充电,缩短了充电时间,具有较好的过充和浮充精度,从而达到延长光伏系统中蓄电池使用寿命的目的。     

基于FPGA的太阳能充电系统的研究与设计

针对高压输电线路污秽监测系统中光伏供电系统的特殊要求,设计了适合于小功率太阳能电池快速为超级电容器充电的系统。本设计采用BUCK-BOOST电路作为充电电路的主拓扑结构,并采用新颖的MPPT跟踪方法,即加权变步长电压滞环扰动观察技术,由现场可编程门陈列实现控制。运用Matlab／Simulink对电路和控制策略进行仿真验证,并完成了充电系统的制作和测试。测试结果表明：该充电系统采用小功率太阳能电池,在正常天气条件下,均能够在较短时间内完成为2F和5F超级电容器组的充电工作。与课题组之前的研究成果相比,本设计有效缩短了充电时间,提高了太阳能的利用率。     

基于MPPT的太阳能充电控制器的设计

本文设计了一种具有MPPT功能的光伏发电充电控制器。通过单片机检测蓄电池充电电压、充电电流的大小,自动切换充电器的工作状态,有效地提高了蓄电池的寿命。在光照条件不足时,蓄电池的电压,电流未超出给定值,开启MPPT功能,保证整个系统最大效率的充电。经matlab仿真,该设计具有可行性。     

一种光伏独立发电控制系统

采用爬山法实现了光伏系统的最大功率点跟踪(maximum power point tracking,MPPT)和铅酸蓄电池充电控制,并用单极性SPWM调制方法对逆变器进行控制.实验结果表明,本系统更充分地利用了光伏阵列的输出功率,缩短了过充阶段时间,提高了充电效率,克服了大多数光伏系统中蓄电池欠充的缺陷,延长了铅酸蓄电池的使用寿命.所采用的单极性调制相比于双极性调制,在输出同样幅值基波电压时,最小谐波频率为载波频率的2倍,且谐波幅值较低,从而使输出端滤波器的设计更加容易.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-