次生林中5种次级洞巢鸟对巢址的再利用研究

在吉林省左家自然保护区的次生林内,对1996年标记的被5种次级洞巢鸟利用并保存下来的104个巢址进行了4年的再利用跟踪调查.所标记的巢址被5种次级洞巢鸟、2种初级洞巢鸟和花鼠所利用.标记巢址总的再利用率为55.16%,次级洞巢鸟对标记巢址的再利用率为51.29%,说明次级洞巢鸟利用过的巢址仍是其后续繁殖的重要资源.每种次级洞巢鸟都偏爱同一种类以前利用过的巢址,被同种鸟重复利用的巢繁殖成功率明显高于只被利用过一次的巢,表明被同一鸟种多次利用的树洞是该种鸟繁殖更适宜的巢位.次级洞巢鸟对标记巢址存在交叉利用现象,且对再利用的巢址具有选择性;影响次级洞巢鸟巢址再利用的因子主要包括洞口类型、洞口水平直径、洞内径、洞深、洞距地面高和洞口垂直直径.次级洞巢鸟在对巢址资源的再利用过程中不存在明显的时滞现象.     

三种次级洞巢鸟对巢洞洞口的选择与生态适应

以大山雀、普通?和白眉姬鹟三种同域繁殖的次级洞巢鸟为研究对象,根据自然条件下三种鸟所占巢洞的洞口倾角及大小,结合室内的防雨模拟实验,探讨分析了三种次级洞巢鸟的洞口选择模式及生态适应特征.结果表明:三种鸟均倾向于选择洞口倾角向下的巢洞,而未利用巢洞的洞口倾角多向上;大山雀和白眉姬鹟占用巢的洞口倾角无显著差异,但明显小于普通?的洞口倾角;三种鸟对洞口大小无明显的选择性;巢洞内进水量随洞口倾角和洞口大小的增大而增加,但进水量与洞口类型无显著相关性.建议利用人工巢箱招引保护鸟类时,应考虑悬挂巢箱的洞口倾角和洞口大小,以降低降雨等气候因素的影响,增加巢箱的利用率及次级洞巢鸟的繁殖适合度.     

北京地区洞巢鸟类的种群密度和群落特征

洞巢鸟是鸟类的重要组成部分,在生态系统中起到重要的作用.于2006和2007年夏季对北京地区洞巢鸟类的种群数量和群落结构进行了研究,在调查中共记录到15种洞巢鸟,其中留鸟9种,夏候鸟6种.研究结果表明,黄腹山雀(Parus venustulus)和褐头山雀(Parus songarus)有明显的种群数量优势,其次为北红尾鸲(Phoenicurus auroreus)、普通?(Sitta europaea)和大山雀(Parus major).北京地区洞巢鸟类群落多样性指数为2.03,均匀性指数为0.81.对小龙门林区不同生境类型的鸟类群落进行分析,发现公路两侧生境洞巢鸟多样性指数最大,落叶阔叶林次之,针阔混交林最低.     

两种山雀巢地选择的比较研究

对大山雀（Parusmajor）和沼泽山雀（P.palustris）巢地选择中17个生态因子作了比较研究,通过逐步判别分析得知：两种山雀在9个环境因子中都以平均树高（y2）、中心上层植物盖度（y4）和树种多样性（y5）三个生态因子判别力最强．为主要环境因子；两种山崔在8个洞因子中都以洞口短径（x2）、洞口内径（x5）和洞底短径（x8）三个生态因子判别力最强，为主要洞因子.在巢地选择中洞因子比环境因子相对重要（x2＝26.22＞13．99）两种山雀巢地选择中的区别是：3个主要环境因子中，大山雀与沼泽山雀相比较差异极显著（fmd＝6.02＞f0.01）；3个洞因子中沼泽山雀与大山雀相比较差异极显著（fmd＝6.02＞f0.01）．     

新疆四爪陆龟保护区陆龟洞穴生境特征

2012年7月,在四爪陆龟繁育区随机选择了30个龟洞,通过测定龟洞的经纬度、朝向、龟洞的宽度和高度以及龟洞周围植物,研究了龟洞与植物间的关系.结果表明:四爪陆龟龟洞分布在北纬44.08°,东经80.88°附近,该处数量多且龟洞多朝南开口；随龟洞宽度和高度增加,其洞穴周围植物丛径也缓慢增大,其中植物丛径与洞口宽度间变化较显著,而与洞口高度关系则不显著；四爪陆龟龟洞多处在多年生植物根部,并且在洞口周围多分布有其喜食的植物.     

浅谈山岭公路隧道的洞外平面控制测量

本文主要结合河西隧道的实例研究了隧道施工测量的内容、施工测量的特点。重点介绍了隧道洞口测设必须进行的洞外控制测量。其中分为洞外平面控制测量和洞外高程控制测量、洞外平面控制测量的方法。结合实际工程简介精密导线法。河西隧道的洞外控制测量示意图以及洞口测设的控制。     

栗斑腹鹀巢捕食及影响因素研究

2018—2019年,在内蒙古扎鲁特旗地区开展了栗斑腹鹀的巢捕食率及影响巢捕食因素的研究.结果表明:蛇和草原黄鼠是栗斑腹鹀繁殖期的主要巢捕食者.两年间共找到栗斑腹鹀繁殖巢94巢,其中44巢被捕食,巢捕食率为46.8％,占繁殖失败的65.7％.对栗斑腹鹀被捕食巢和繁殖成功巢的9个巢址因子进行二元逻辑斯蒂回归分析发现,裸地...     

喀斯特旅游洞穴微气候环境要素时空分布特征及影响因素研究--以贵州织金洞为例

为了解喀斯特旅游洞穴微气候环境要素的时空分布特征,分析其内在原因和规律,以织金洞为对象,对洞穴CO_2、温度及湿度进行为期一年半的监测。从季节变化、昼夜变化及空间变化特征等多尺度对洞穴微气候环境进行系统性研究,结果表明:(1)织金洞微气候要素在不同季节存在明显的空间分布特征,CO_2由洞口向洞内深处逐渐增加,且渐趋稳定,雨季前半洞段浓度高于后半洞段,旱季则相反;夏季温度由洞口向洞内逐渐降低,至洞内深处逐渐稳定,而冬季在洞口附近略有降低后逐渐升高,至深处逐渐稳定。相对湿度由洞外至洞内逐渐增高,至深处稳定在85%;(2)季节变化上,洞穴内CO_2浓度变化具有明显季节性变化;洞口附近温度、湿度由于受洞外环境的影响有较大波动,至洞内深处逐渐稳定。三者均存在明显的年际间周期变化;(3)昼夜变化上,游客数较多时,CO_2浓度白昼明显高于夜间,游客量较小时,白昼比夜间低;温度白昼总体上比夜间高,白昼波动大于夜间;相对湿度白昼较夜间低,三者均以昼夜为周期变化;(4)通过研究影响洞穴微气候要素变化的主要因素有游客数量、洞内外气流交换和洞道结构、洞穴水体和灯光系统等,其变化是多要素相互耦合的结果。     

普通(币鸟)不同窝雏数雏鸟的生长发育

在吉林左家自然保护区,对次生阔叶林中的普通(币鸟)进行的研究中发现,不同窝雏数的在巢雏鸟生长发育存在显著差异(t-检验P＜0.05),且各生长参数出现差异的日龄有所不同.对不同窝雏数雏鸟的体重生长状况进行了比较,发现出飞前雏鸟的平均体重与窝雏数呈负相关.该区域普通(币鸟)的平均窝雏数为(7.59±0.94)只(n=17).对不同窝雏数的亲鸟的日活动进行了全天观察,发现亲鸟喂食次数、清理粪便次数与窝雏数呈显著正相关(F-检验P＜0.05).     

顶管工程测量控制与进出洞口设计

顶管进出洞口控制是顶管施工质量控结合工程实践,对顶管进出洞技术涉及到工作井洞口的设计,洞口外土体的加固、洞口止水装置的设计、测量控制等诸多技术问题进行探讨并提出一些建议,可供相关工程参考.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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