北极及长白山苔原带昆虫多样性研究进展

苔原是冷湿型极地自然景观类型,全世界现代苔原仅分布于北半球.综述北极苔原带昆虫的物种组成:部分苔原带种类存在较明显的形态适应,北极苔原带温度和紫外线对昆虫有较大影响,较低温度和较短的生长季节是导致昆虫多样性较低和形态变化的主要原因,当温度升高时昆虫能快速扩散到北极苔原带;综述长白山苔原带昆虫种类组成,侵入种及侵入原因,直翅目蝗虫种群适应变化和天牛、食蚜蝇、蝶类访花昆虫种类及其访花习性等研究进展.     

九寨沟自然保护区华西箭竹生长研究

在九寨沟国家级自然保护区6类森林群落中设置样方对华西箭竹(Fargesia nitida)种群进行了取样,对2002年和2007年同一群落中华西箭竹的种群密度、平均高度和平均生物量的差异进行了统计检验.发现5年中,青杄林群落中箭竹平均高度增加,巴山冷杉林群落中箭竹平均生物量增加,白桦林群落中箭竹种群密度下降,而油松-红桦林、铁杉-糙皮桦林和红桦林群落内华西箭竹的种群密度、平均高度和平均生物量没有显著变化.这些结果说明九寨沟自然保护区内华西箭竹种群生长基本处于停滞状态.华西箭竹具有一个下降种群的年龄结构,使得上世纪80年代开花后种群恢复很差.分析了光照、湿度等因素对华西箭竹种群生长可能有重要影响,它们之间因果关系的证实,需要控制光照或湿度进行生态学试验.     

长白山岳桦林表土花粉分析

长白山岳桦林带表土花粉分析表明,除桦外,孢粉组合中的乔木植物花粉系其它林带传播而来,草本和蕨类植物孢粉组合代表了林下植被的特征,林带中主要建群种植物花粉与其植被的R值均小于1。并讨论了其它植被带孢粉组合与植被的关系。     

长白山区牛皮杜鹃研究进展

综述长白山区牛皮杜鹃分布、生境、遗传多样性、形态、繁殖等研究现状.结果显示：牛皮杜鹃为杜鹃花科常绿杜鹃亚属常序杜鹃亚组，国内分布以长白山高山苔原带为主，吉林省二级保护植物，濒危种；气候变暖及雪斑线上升引起牛皮杜鹃种群沿海拔上移、扩张，群落内物种间竞争显著；土壤动物对牛皮杜鹃及群落植物凋落物分解作用明显；遗传多样性丰富，不同地带牛皮杜鹃遗传差异较大；有性、无性繁殖均可获取种源.建议加强牛皮杜鹃繁殖研究；开展以小叶章为代表的草本植物种群快速扩张引起的牛皮杜鹃种群衰退研究；建立长期样地，监测牛皮杜鹃种群变化.     

长白山区珍稀濒危植物毛毡杜鹃种群现状及保护

毛毡杜鹃(Rhododendron confertissimum)分布于长白山的亚高山地带,属长白山区珍稀特有种,观赏价值高.对毛毡杜鹃生长环境、土壤特点、伴生植物进行调查,分析其种群退化原因,指出物种入侵及游客破坏是导致种群衰退的主要原因.     

长白山区珍稀濒危植物刺参种群现状及保护

刺参(Oplopanax elatus)在长白山区呈间断性窄地域分布,受到森林锐减、过度采挖等因素影响,导致种群衰退.通过对野生刺参生长环境、土壤特点、伴生植物的调查,分析其种群退化原因;指出通过政府引导,加快产业调整,实施人工驯化栽培满足市场需求是解决刺参濒危的主要途径.     

长白山区珍稀濒危植物钻天柳种群现状及保护

钻天柳(Chosenia arbutifolia)在长白山区呈窄地域分布,种群数量稀少,人为破坏严重.对钻天柳种群生长环境、土壤特征、伴生植物进行调查,解析钻天柳的濒危机理.加大保护力度,开展科学研究并尽快实现成果转化是保护与可持续利用钻天柳的关键.     

井冈山地区荞麦叶大百合野生种群分布及其生长动态

荞麦叶大百合为国家二级重点保护植物,野生资源较为匮乏。为评估其在井冈山地区的分布情况,探明野生种群生长动态,通过实地踏查的方式对井冈山区域的荞麦叶大百合野生资源进行调查,调查结果表明：（1）在荆竹山、上井、百竹园、大窝里和寨子里发现荞麦叶大百合野生种群,海拔分布范围在840 ~ 1130 m之间,种群大小为荆竹山＞上井＞百竹园＞大窝里＞寨子里;（2）荞麦叶大百合为林下植物,主要分布在林缘、林窗等区域,周边伴生植物以草本为主,是所在群落的优势种;（3）荆竹山种群的荞麦叶大百合长势最好,上井种群长势最差;（4）荞麦叶大百合种群大小与海拔呈现显著正向关;繁殖生长期荞麦叶大百合株高、鳞茎重量与pH值显著负相关、与湿度显著正相关。     

长白山北坡访花昆虫研究(Ⅲ)——访花昆虫多样性

2004—2005年6—9月对长白山北坡各垂直带访花昆虫进行了系统调查研究,并用各种多样性指数对访花昆虫的多样性进行了测度.研究结果表明,该区访花昆虫有251种,分别隶属于9目、62科、179属.群落的α多样性分析表明,不同群落多样性指数从高到低的变化顺序是:针阔混交林群落>针叶林群落>岳桦林群落>苔原带群落;不同月份多样性指数从高到低的变化顺序是:7月末>7月中旬>6月末>6月中旬>8月中旬>9月初;在4个不同群落中,针阔混交林群落访花昆虫的物种数、个体数、物种多样性指数及物种均匀度指数均高于其他群落;群落的相似性分析和聚类分析表明,各不同群落访花昆虫之间的相似性差异显著,访花昆虫群落多样性变化主要与植被类型有关.     

濒危植物合柱金莲木伴生群落特征

【目的】研究濒危植物合柱金莲木(Sinia rhodoleuca)的伴生群落特征,为该物种的保护提供参考。【方法】采用样地调查法对合柱金莲木的5个分布点:广西融水(P1)、广西金秀(P2)、广西德保(P3)、广东封开(P4)和广东连山(P5)进行调查,分析其伴生群落的种类组成、区系成分、结构特征、物种多样性及其种群年龄结构。【结果】在2000m2样地中共有维管束植物153种,隶属58科113属,主要优势科为樟科、壳斗科、紫金牛科、茜草科等。合柱金莲木伴生群落种子植物包含12个分布区类型,以泛热带分布、旧世界热带分布、热带亚洲分布为主,热带成分占优势,温带成分所占比例较小。合柱金莲木伴生群落结构分层现象明显,可分为乔木层、灌木层和草本层,层间植物匮乏。与P1、P2、P3样地相比,P4、P5样地生境破坏较小,Shannon指数和Simpson指数高。除P5样地内的合柱金莲木种群为增长型外,其余样地的合柱金莲木种群均为衰退型。【结论】合柱金莲木伴生群落的组成种类丰富,科、属组成复杂,其区系特点具有明显的热带-亚热带性质;伴生群落物种多样性与生境破坏程度有关;合柱金莲木种群多呈衰退趋势,应对其加强保护。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that