Different response of adenine nucleotide synthesis de novo in kidney and brain during aerobic recovery from anoxia and ischemia

Zusammenfassung Unter Verwendung von¹⁴C-markiertem Glycin wurden durch Bestimmung der mittleren spezifischen Aktivitäten von Glycin im Gewebe und durch Messung der Glycin-Inkorporation in die Adenin-Nucleotide die de novo-Syntheseraten dieser Verbindungen in Niere und Gehirn in vitro und in vivo unter normoxischen Bedingungen sowie nach vorausgegangener Anoxie bzw. Ischämie bestimmt. Zwischen der Fähigkeit eines Organs zur postanoxischen Nukleotidsynthese-Steigerung und seiner funktionellen Erholungsfähigkeit nach Sauerstoffmangel scheinen enge Beziehungen zu bestehen.

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Fellow of the A.-v.-Humboldt-Stiftung.

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This work was supported by a grant from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft No. Ge 129/7.     

Demonstration of microtubule independent protein secretion from rat liver

Summary The induced secretion of rat liver microsomal -glucuronidase into serum is, unlike other proteins secreted from liver, not dependent upon an intact microtubule apparatus.     

Synthesis and stereospecific synthesis of some alkyl-5-amino-1-glycofuranosyl imidazole-4-carboxylates related to intermediates in purine nucleotide de novo biosynthesis

Zusammenfassung 5-Amino-Glycofuranosylimidazol-Derivative wurden durch Kondensation der Isopropylidenglycofuranosylamine mit Äthyl-N-(Cyano-N-Äthoxycarbonylmethyl)formimidat oder durch Reaktion von Äthylformimidat-Hydrochlorid mit den Furanosylaminen, wozu Äthyl--amino--cyanoacetat hinzugefügt wurde, dargestellt. Bei den Ribose- und Mannosederivaten, wurden - und -Formen als Kristalle isoliert. Eine neue stereospezifische Synthese von Xylofuranosylaminoimidazol über ein Xyloseoxazolin wird beschrieben.     

Calcitonin: Effect on protein synthesis in different rat tissues

Summary Protein synthesis was inhibited in the pancreas whereas it was enhanced in the kidney and intestine (jejunumileum) after a single injection of porcine calcitonin (20 MRC units/kg b.wt). The incorporation of [³H]leucine into total protein in the brain, heart, liver and stomach did not change after the hormone treatment.Acknowledgment. This work has been achieved at the Institute of Medical Biochemistry, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark.     

Calcitonin: effect on protein synthesis in different rat tissues

Protein synthesis was inhibited in the pancreas whereas it was enhanced in the kidney and intestine (jejunum-ileum) after a single injection of porcine calcitonin (20 MRC units/kg b.wt). The incorporation of [3H]leucine into total protein in the brain, heart, liver and stomach did not change after the hormone treatment.     

Inhibition of protein synthesis in ischaemic liver from phenobarbitone-treated rat.

Both ribosomal factors and cytosolic inhibitors are involved in the reduction of the rate of protein synthesis which occurs in the ischaemic hepatocyte from control and phenobarbitone-treated livers. Of these 2 factors it is the latter which seems to play a major role in determining the irreversible impairment of protein synthesis. Phenobarbitone administration has no effect on the rate of protein synthesis of ischaemic and post-ischaemic hepatocyte.     

Effect of nonprotein thiols on protein synthesis in isolated rat hepatocytes

The ability of nonprotein thiols to modulate rates of protein synthesis was investigated in isolated rat hepatocytes. Addition of cysteine stimulates protein labelling by [¹⁴C] Leucine. Glutahione depletion, induced by in vivod administration of L-buthionine sulfoximine and diethylmaleate, did not alter the effect of cysteine, although it decreased the rate of protein synthesis by 32%. The effect of cysteine on protein synthesis does not seem to be related to a perturbatin of the redox state of the NAD⁺/NADH system or to changes in the rate of gluconeogenic pathway. The following observations indicate that cysteine may stimulate protein syntheis by increasing intracellular levels of aspartate: 1. Amino-oxyacetate, an inhibitor of pyridoxyal-dependent enzymes, inhibits protein labelling and decreases aspartate cellular content, whereas most amino acids accumulate or remain unchanged; 2. Cysteine, in the absence or in the presence of amino-ocycetate, stimulates protein labelling and induces aspartate accumulation, although mot amino acids diminish or remain unchanged.     

Retardation of protein synthesis in rat tumours on inhibiting histamine formation

Zusammenfassung Untersuchung der Proteinsynthese bei Virustumoren. Anhand der Inkorporierungsgeschwindigkeit von¹⁴C-Leucin wurde festgestellt, dass die Hemmung der Proteinsynthese im Rous-Sarkom höher ist als im Walker-Karzinom.     

Time-dependence of estradiol effects on protein synthesis in the rat neurohypophysis.

The incorporation of 3H-leucine into neurohypophyseal proteins was measured in vitro, 24 h after the administration of a single dose of estradiol (0.3 mug) to castrated female rats. Estradiol treatment caused a significant increase of 3H-leucine incorporation into proteins of the posterior lobe. The effects of estradiol depended largely upon time injection. Rats injected at 06.00 h, i.e., at the end of the dark period exhibited a 74% increase in protein synthesis, whereas rat injected at 14.00 h, i.e., at the middle of the light period only showed a 30% of increase.     

The site of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol stimulated protein synthesis in the rat kidney

Summary Autoradiographs of the kidneys of rachitic rats dosed in vivo with 250 pmoles 25-hydroxycholecaliferol (25-OHD₃) and³H-leucine showed increased grain counts in portions of proximal renal tubules. On incubation of kidney slices the synthesis of only 1 cytosol protein was found to be stimulated by the steroid. On disc gel electrophoresis it had the characteristics of renal calcium binding protein.     

The effect of oxine-5-sulphonic acid on the hepatic drug metabolism in the rat

Summary Oxine-5-sulphonic acid inhibits the metabolism of aminopyrine in the rat liver in vitro. The characteristics of this inhibition vary according to whether the oxidativeN-demethylation of the substrate is determined by the formation of the metabolite 4-aminoantipyrine or by the production of formaldehyde.     

Circadian rhythmycity of some key metabolites in the fasted and fed weanling female rat

Zusammenfassung Bei je 32 Ratten im Hungerzustand und mit normaler Fütterung wurden Tagesschwankungen von Na, K, Protein, Harnstoff, Phosphor und Glukose im Serum gefunden. Die Schwankungen spiegeln zweifellos die Aktivität mehrerer endokriner Sekretionen wider, welche wiederum von der Biologischen Uhr⁸ beeinflusst werden.

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This investigation was supported by U.S.P.H.S. Grant No. HE 06975 from the National Heart Institute.