壬二酸单乙酯的合成

以蓖麻油为原料，以酯交换反应来合成壬二酸单乙酯，利用IR和^1HNMR对化合物结构进行了表征，讨论反应时间和反应温度对酯交换反应的影响．     

PC／PET共混体的酯交换反应对共混体相容性…

用ＤＳＣ研究ＰＣ／ＰＥＴ共混体的酯交换反应对共混体相容性及ＰＥＴ结晶与熔融行为的影响，结果表明：随共混体酯交换反应程度增加，共混体的相容性发生显著变化，即从无酯交换反应时的完全不相容，至部分相容，当反应程度较高时，共混体即完全相容，随反应程度增加，共混体中ＰＥＴ的结晶能力及结晶度均随之降低，共混体在酯交换反应占的升温过程中出现一新的冷结晶峰，该峰的位置及峰面积大小与反应条件密切相关，本文还报道了共     

酯交换法生产涤纶树脂中酯交换塔工程分析

本文通过对酯交换法生产涂纶树脂中酯交换塔的技术分析，从平衡原理和热效应角度，对酯交换塔的反应能力进行了讨论，假定酯交换塔中各层塔板上的物料为理想混合状态，引用多级串联反应釜的数学模型，校核了反应器中的塔板转化率，从而得出结论。     

超声强化纳米固体碱催化大豆油酯交换制备生物柴油的动力学

以大豆油为原料,以纳米KF/γ-Al2O3为催化剂催化酯交换反应制备生物柴油;考察超声和机械搅拌对酯交换反应的影响,并在酯交换反应机理的基础上探讨超声强化纳米KF/γ-Al2O3催化酯交换反应动力学.研究结果表明:机械搅拌下纳米KF/γ-Al2O3催化大豆油酯交换反应在反应初始阶段是拟二级反应,而后为一级反应,后期转为零级反应,反应初期的反应活化能Ea为21.03 kJ/mol,指前因子K0为846.49 L/(mol·min):超声强化纳米KF/γ-Al2O3催化酯交换反应动力学过程与常规法的动力学过程基本一致,反应初始阶段为拟二级反应,而后转为一级和零级,反应初期的K0为76.33 L/(mol·min),活化能Ea为12.99kJ/mol,该活化能比机械搅拌下酯交换反应的略低,表明在超声作用下,酯交换反应更容易进行;超声强化酯交换反应速率常数比常规方法的高,从而反应能够短时间内达到平衡.     

麝香酮中间体-壬二酸单乙酯的合成

以蓖麻油为原料，经酯交换或半酯化反应来合成壬二酸单乙酯并且对这两种合成方法进行对比，利用IR和^1HNMR对化合物结构进行了表征，讨论了反应时间和反应温度对酯交换的影响。     

PET/LCP反应性共混酯交换动力学研究

采用1 HNMR对聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯 (PET)与液晶共聚酯 (LCP)在少量扩链剂双 (2 唑啉 )BOZ存在下反应性共混的酯交换动力学进行了研究。设反应性共混的酯交换反应是二级可逆 ,则在 2 70、2 80、2 90℃下的酯交换反应速率常数分别为 1.5 5×10 - 2 、2 .2 0× 10 - 2 、3 .0 1× 10 - 2 (min- 1 ) ,均比不含扩链剂的体系的酯交换速率快 ;取得酯交换的活化能为 84.4(kJ·mol- 1 )较一般的PET/LCP的酯交换反应活化能低 ,这些均表明BOZ的加入对于PET/LCP的酯交换反应具有明显的促进作用。     

无溶剂体系中固定化脂肪酶催化的酯交换反应研究

采用癸酸乙酯与己醇的酯交换作为模型反应，研究了两种固定化脂肪酶在异丙醚溶液和无溶剂体系中的催化行为。考察了水活度(水含量)、反应时间、搅拌以及底物摩尔比等因素对酯交换反应的影响，并对无溶剂体系固定化脂肪酶催化反应的机制进行了初步探讨。结果表明，在无溶剂体系中，固定化脂肪酶的活力显提高，反应转化率达到90％以上。     

不饱和酸酯的酯交换反应

本文报导了在固体酸806~#催化剂作用下,丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙酸甲酯与一系列醇之间的酯交换反应。结果表明,该催化剂对不饱和酸酯的酯交换反应有较好的催化效果。丙烯酸甲酯与一系列醇的酯交换收率在83～96％;甲基丙烯酸甲酯的酯交换收率在72～89％。     

固载脂肪酶催化制备生物柴油

本实验探讨了固载脂肪酶催化蓖麻油和甲醇酯交换反应制备生物柴油，研究了醇油摩尔比、反应时间与温度等因素对酯化反应的影响.通过固载脂肪酶，很大程度上增强了其稳定性和抗酸碱性，提高了酶的重复使用率，节约成本.结果表明：固载脂肪酶催化酯交换反应最佳反应条件为醇油物质的量比为6∶1，固载酶2%（油重），反应时间为2 h，反应温度为50℃，蓖麻油的转化率最高为92.44%.     

六氯磷腈催化亚磷酸二乙酯与异丙醇的酯交换反应研究

在适当的反应条件下,六氯磷腈可高选择性地催化亚磷酸酯与醇进行酯交换反应,并基于该酯交换反应的气氛条件、温度、浓度、溶剂、水的添加量以及催化剂的用量等因素进行了优化,摸索出该反应的最佳反应条件.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with