标准火灾下U型钢-混凝土梁的耐火性能

为了研究U型钢-混凝土组合梁的耐火性能,文章采用在空间上运用有限单元与在时间上运用有限差分相结合的方法,应用ANSYS编制热分析程序,对组合梁在ISO-834标准火灾下的温度场进行了分析与计算。结果表明,在ISO-834标准火灾下,填充混凝土使U型钢-混凝土组合梁截面的温度分布不均匀,该梁的耐火特性显著优于普通型钢-混凝土组合梁,单纯地用给定临界温度来判定组合梁是否达到耐火极限不合理。此外,填充混凝土可有效降低钢梁截面的温度,产生温升延时效应,在升温前期,U型钢-混凝土组合梁的温度低于未填充混凝土的型钢梁,降幅可达15%~60%,温升延时可达约15 min。     

薄壁U型钢混凝土梁火灾-结构耦合的ANSYS分析

采用在空间上运用有限单元法与在时间上运用有限差分法相结合的方法,建立组合梁的火-结构耦合ANSYS分析模型;编制组合梁ANSYS热分析程序和全过程受火非线性分析程序,对组合梁在国际标准ISO834规定的标准火灾的温度场和挠度-时间曲线进行分析和计算.数值计算结果表明:在国际标准ISO834规定的标准火灾下,试验梁测点的...     

标准升温下轻钢-混凝土组合梁的抗火性能研究

对标准升温下轻钢一混凝土组合梁的抗火性能进行了研究：采用ANSYS软件计算了轻钢一混凝土组合梁截面的温度场;采用数值算法计算了轻钢-混凝土组合梁的全过程曲线;采用抗力折减系数法分析了轻钢-混凝土组合梁的承载力在火灾下的变化情况;同时分析了各参数对温度场分布、全过程曲线及抗力折减系数的影响．结果表明：由于混凝土的吸热作用,钢梁的温度明显低于无混凝土时的裸钢构件;影响全过程曲线和抗力折减系数的主要参数是梁高和钢梁厚度,而其他参数影响较小;抗力折减系数的变化在后期比前期剧烈一些．理论分析结果得到了有关算例的验证．     

全过程火灾下矩形截面钢管混凝土叠合柱温度场数值研究

由于钢管混凝土叠合柱(ST-RC)具有良好的抗震性能和耐火性能,本文对矩形截面钢管混凝土叠合柱在标准火灾全过程(包括升温、降温阶段)下的热学性能进行了数值研究。利用Abaqus有限元分析软件建立矩形截面钢管混凝土叠合柱的热学分析模型,结合相关试验数据对模型的准确性进行验证,并对标准火灾升温、降温全过程下试件的温度场分布情况进行分析。结果表明:矩形截面钢管混凝土叠合柱在标准火灾升温下的温度场分布呈现双轴对称形态,外围混凝土厚度较大的长轴方向上构件内部测点的温度相对短轴方向更低;在火灾作用的全过程中,混凝土的温度变化存在滞后现象,使得试件受火表面之间距离越大的区域升温、降温的滞后时间也越长;在降温的最终时刻,截面温度场分布为内高外低形式,与升温结束时刻的温度场分布方式相反;与升温结束时刻相比,火灾后(历史最高温度)的温度场中混凝土材料达到劣化温度的区域面积更大,采用历史最高温状态的温度场进行火灾全过程中叠合柱结构相关力学性能的计算时更安全。     

端部约束部分嵌入式钢-混凝土组合梁抗火性能试验

为研究有约束情况下钢-混凝土组合梁的抗火性能,以荷载比为主要参变量,开展了 2个部分嵌入式钢-混凝土组合梁在ISO 834标准升温曲线下的足尺火灾试验.借助大型结构抗火试验平台模拟火灾环境,并通过预埋热电偶测试组合梁上部混凝土板内的温度场分布;利用布设在板面的位移计测量火灾下组合梁的竖向变形;通过专门设计的装置,实现对...     

单面受火的矩形钢管混凝土柱截面温度场分析

运用有限元分析软件ANSYS建立了单面火灾作用下矩形钢管混凝土柱截面温度场计算模型,并将计算结果与以往试验结果进行对比,理论分析结果与试验结果吻合良好.在此基础上,对单面火灾和四面火灾作用下矩形钢管混凝土柱截面温度分布形式进行了对比分析,分析表明,单面火灾作用下,矩形钢管混凝土柱截面温度整体较低,材料损伤程度较轻,因而有利于提高构件的抗火性能.但截面温度分布呈单轴对称,产生初始挠度与附加偏心距,明显区别于四面火灾作用下构件的耐火性能.在工程常用范围内,分析了升温时间、含钢率、截面宽度、高宽比、保护层种类及厚度等参数对矩形钢管混凝土截面温度场的影响规律.结果表明:升温时间、截面宽度、保护层种类及厚度对矩形钢管混凝土温度场影响较大.温度场研究结果为单面火灾作用下矩形钢管混凝土柱耐火性能分析和抗火设计提供了理论基础.     

含钢率对混凝土截面温度场分布的影响

将钢筋的圆形截面等效为面积相等的方形截面,采用四边形单元建立配置钢筋、型钢的混凝土截面的二维温度场分析模型,分析纵筋配筋率、型钢含钢率对混凝土截面温度场分布的影响.算例计算结果表明:钢筋对截面温度场分布计算结果影响较小,钢筋的存在使保护层内混凝土的温度降低,核心混凝土的温度升高,忽略钢筋对截面温度场分布的影响是合理的.型钢对截面温度场分布的计算结果影响较大,受火180min内混凝土截面内型钢翼缘中心处和截面形心处温度计算结果最大分别相差17.1℃和98.7℃;高温下型钢混凝土构件的抗火性能研究中,需要考虑型钢对截面温度场分布的影响;型钢混凝土构件火灾灾后性能评定中,核心型钢的力学性能可基本恢复.     

薄壁型钢-混凝土组合梁弹性强度的理论计算

文章针对普通的钢-混凝土组合梁存在混凝土和型钢之间滑移大、竖向掀起大、横向稳定性差等问题,从而提出了薄壁型钢-混凝土组合梁。为研究其弹性受弯承载力,采用应力积分法和换算截面法分别建立了薄壁型钢-混凝土组合梁的弹性受弯承载力。根据试验结果,验证了薄壁型钢-混凝土组合梁的弹性受弯承载力计算公式。     

基于局部火灾情况下冷弯薄壁型钢货架立柱稳定性研究

为研究冷弯薄壁型钢异型截面货架立柱在局部火灾下的轴压性能,以欧洲规范EN 1991-1-2和EN 1993-1-2为基础,采用有限元分析软件ABAQUS模拟火源在构件底部时的温度场,并对局部火灾情况下冷弯薄壁型钢货架立柱进行轴压稳定性分析。首先通过现有试验结果验证了有限元分析模型的准确性,随后对不同截面、不同长度和不同厚度的货架立柱在不同温度作用下的轴压性能进行数值分析,并在温度场分析模型中考虑了火焰长度、火焰直径和热释放率等3个因素的影响。结果表明:货架立柱的长度和温度对其轴压承载力有较大影响;在局部火灾情况下,货架立柱温度沿长度方向呈现梯度分布,并且这种温度梯度对货架立柱破坏模式有着重要影响。最后,基于数值参数分析结果,给出了冷弯薄壁型钢货架立柱在局部火灾(800℃)情况下适用于整体屈曲的直接强度法(DSM)设计曲线。     

墙角火灾环境下钢构件温度分布及响应行为的实验研究

利用ISO9705标准火灾实验系统，模拟墙角火灾环境，以薄壁方管钢梁为研究对象，对钢构件在热、力耦合作用下的行为进行实验研究。对火灾的热释放速率与室内温度场，钢构件及其表面气体的温度、构件在火灾作用下的挠度进行测量，分析真实火灾下钢构件温升及温度分布的特点与火灾发展对构件挠度的影响。研究结果表明钢构件在长向上存在着很大的温差，而构件的挠度变化也并不对称，这说明以往研究中往往假设钢构件在长向上温度一致并不恰当，这种非均匀温度场对构件的行为有着重要影响，它使得构件高温区部分更易发生局部屈服而失效，在相同规模的     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that