注射成形Ti-6Al-4V合金的显微组织和力学性能

采用金属注射成形方法制备Ti-6Al-4V合金坯体,然后利用溶剂脱脂和热脱脂工艺脱除坯中粘结剂,研究了合金在真空烧结和热等静压烧结条件下的显微组织和力学性能.结果表明:真空烧结Ti-6Al-4V合金具有典型的魏氏体组织,其初始的β晶粒粗大,β晶粒内为次生片状α和薄β相片,空隙较多,合金的强度和塑性较低;合金经热等静压处理后,组织明显细化且均匀,空隙很少或几乎没有,从而强度和塑性都有所提高.     

Ti-47．5Al-2．5V-1．0Cr注射成形

以Ti-47.5Al-2.5V-1.0Cr(原子分数,%)气雾化预合金粉末为原料,采用粉末注射成形工艺制备了TiAl合金材料,研究了该TiAl合金脱脂工艺对脱脂坯碳氧残留量和组织的影响规律及烧结工艺对烧结体显微组织、密度和压缩性能的影响规律. 结果表明:在脱脂温度600℃、保温时间为1h和真空脱脂气氛条件下脱除坯体中剩余粘结剂,坯体中残余碳氧含量(质量分数)分别为0.059%和0.12%;脱脂温度从600℃升到1000℃,粉末由枝状组织转变为近γ组织;烧结温度在1410～1450℃,保温时间在1h以内,烧结体可以快速致密化;在1450℃保温30min,烧结体相对密度可以达到95%,烧结体的抗压强度为2105MPa,压缩率达到30.9%,接近铸态合金力学性能;随烧结温度升高,烧结体中的γ相逐渐减少,组织由近片层组织逐渐转变为全片层组织.     

PMMA在MIM后续热脱脂过程中的分解行为

金属粉末注射成形 (MIM)粘结剂中高分子物质的分解和排除是一个较缓慢的过程 ,对这一过程进行理论研究 ,有助于指导粘结剂的设计和脱脂过程优化 .为此 ,当Fe 2Ni粉末的注射成形坯经充分溶剂脱脂后 ,用热重法对坯块中的PMMA的热分解行为进行了理论研究和实验验证 .假设进行一级反应 ,根据各种升温速率的热重计算结果 ,得到了喂料中PMMA热分解反应速率的理论计算表达式 :ln(1-α) =1 33× 10 9t·exp(- 1479/T) ;对厚度为 6 .37mm的注射坯充分溶剂脱脂后 ,验证了坯块中PMMA分解速率 ,发现在 35 0℃和 40 0℃时等温脱脂的速率与理论值较接近 ,但低于理论值 ;经过优化 ,对 6 .37mm厚的注射坯 ,采取 5～ 10℃ /min的升温速度升温 ,可在 2h内完成热脱脂过程     

600碳化硅陶瓷的粉末注射成形及其导电特性

研究了碳化硅陶瓷的粉末注射成形工艺,分析了成形工艺及烧结助剂对其显微组织及力学性能的影响,探索了粉末注射成形碳化硅陶瓷的导电特性。以碳化硅为助剂的固相烧结温度为2100℃,脱脂坯烧结后具有最高的真实密度（3.12g/cm3）,相对密度达97.5%,烧结后试样由固相碳化硅组成,XRD及TEM能谱分析表明试样内部无残余氧化硅,制品晶粒平均尺寸小于1μm,室温弯曲强度达345MPa。采用直流电流电压测试方法,测定了粉末注射成形方法制得的SiC陶瓷在室温至800℃范围内的直流电导率。     

注射成形制备SiCp/Al复合材料电子封装盒体的预成形坯

对碳化硅陶瓷注射喂料进行流变性能分析后得到合适的注射喂料.通过注射工艺和后续的脱脂-预烧结工艺成功制备出压渗用SiCp封装盒体的预成形坯.结果表明:SiCp装载量为65%,粘结剂成分为70%PW(石蜡) 29%HPDE(高密度聚乙烯) 1%SA(硬脂酸)的喂料在较宽的剪切速率和温度范围内均具有良好的注射性能;在合适的注射参数下可以制得完整无缺陷的注射坯;采用溶剂脱脂与热脱脂两步脱脂工艺,可以成功脱除注射坯体中的粘结剂,在1 150 ℃进行预烧结,制备出了具有良好外观形貌、足够强度以及适中连通孔隙的预成形坯,可以满足后续加压渗铝制备SiCp/Al复合材料的封装盒体实验的要求.     

钨基重合金注射成形产品变形原因及其控制

研究了ＭＩＭ重合金产品在注射、脱脂和烧结３个阶段的变形原因及其解决方法，结果表明：注射时由于成形坯的冷却收缩和合模线的存在使成形坯的形状和大小与模具形腔有差异；粘结剂中聚丙烯质量分数高于３０％时可保证溶剂萃取脱脂时样品不变形；先在１３５０℃进行低温固相烧结，然后在１５３０℃进行高温液相烧结，可较好地消除烧结过程中填料对产品内孔孔径收缩的阻碍作用     

置氢TC4粉末模压成形-烧结后的组织性能

采用置氢TC4钛合金粉末室温模压成形+保护气氛下烧结工艺,研究了置氢TC4合金粉末模压成形-烧结后合金组织性能的变化规律.结果表明:随着置氢量的增加,置氢TC4合金粉末模压成形烧结体致密度基本呈现逐渐增高趋势,模压成形烧结体由魏氏体组织向双态的过渡状组织转化,模压成形烧结体退火后组织较退火前发生了明显的破碎和细化;烧结体退火后压缩屈服强度基本呈逐渐增大趋势,且烧结体真空退火后氢含量可达到安全状态,其中,置氢量0.42%(质量分数)TC4合金粉末烧结体致密效果好、综合力学性能高.     

热压烧结镍钛合金的微观结构与力学性能

采用真空热压烧结技术,分别以NiTi预合金粉末和Ni,Ti纯元素混合粉末制备等摩尔比的NiTi形状记忆合金(SMA).利用X线衍射仪、金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜及电子万能试验机对其物相组成,显微结构及力学性能进行分析.研究结果表明:在1100℃和25MPa真空热压条件下,可制备出近全致密且组织及性能优良的镍钛合金,其中预合金粉末和元素混合粉末所制备样品的相对密度分别可达到99.64％和98.03％,并且预合金粉末样品比元素混合粉末样品具有更均一的组织和更好的力学性能.     

热蒸发制备Zn/ZnO薄膜的实验研究

本文采用低真空热蒸发技术,以锌作为蒸发源,通过调节蒸发时间,蒸发温度,真空度等工艺参数,在玻璃基底上获得薄膜样品,再对薄膜进行退火处理。实验结果表明:采用低真空蒸发镀膜法可以制备得到取向很好的Zn(002)单晶薄膜,薄膜样品在450℃真空条件下做退火处理后,进一步提高金属锌膜薄膜单晶性;样品经300℃大气下退火处理后,可得取向(101)的强织构ZnO结构。     

退火对NiCr薄膜阻值的影响分析

采用磁控溅射方法在Si衬底上沉积NiCr薄膜,通过金属剥离技术制备不同膜厚的NiCr薄膜电阻.对不同膜厚样品退火前后阻值的测试表明,磁控溅射沉积NiCr薄膜的晶粒较小,退火前样品阻值较大.当退火温度超过350 ℃后,薄膜中的细小晶粒合并为较大的晶粒,晶粒间界面积减小,电阻率也相应减小;而经过450 ℃退火5 min后,晶粒尺寸趋于饱和,进一步的退火时间对阻值的变化影响不大.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to