直热式空气源变频热泵热水系统的特性分析

模拟分析了一种直热空气源变频热泵热水系统,包括水箱模块与热泵模块的理论耦合特性和热泵系统在变工况下的运行特性,并且比较了压缩机频率每变化1Hz和冷凝温度每变化1℃对系统的影响.模拟分析表明:压缩机功率随环境温度变化的趋势为抛物线状,在20℃左右达到最高;制热量与环境温度呈正线性相关;热泵模块出热水流量随环境温度变化呈指数增长;当压缩机有效容积和吸气系数等参数不变时,制冷剂质量流量与环境温度呈正线性变化;制热COP随环境温度呈指数增长,随出水温度的升高而降低;调节频率可以更有效改善系统制热量,而降低冷凝温度从而适当降低用水温度(如42℃),可以更有效地降低功耗、增加出水流量.     

热电热泵在非设计工况条件下的性能分析

采用直流电源模拟太阳能电池板输出不稳定电压驱动热电热泵工作,通过实验测试研究了在连续长时间工作、电压跳跃变化和极限电压工况下,热电热泵冷端温度T c、热端温度T h、冷热端温差T d的变化对其制冷/制热的性能系数(COP)的影响。结果表明,在适宜的电压范围内,热电热泵的制冷速度快、工作性能稳定且能够长时间连续工作,而制热效果明显优于制冷效果,制热效率(E h)平均高于制冷效率(E c)约0.8;热电热泵的最佳工作电压区间为2~4 V,此时的冷端温度低、制冷量大、COP值在理想范围(E c=0.87~1.89,E h=1.75~2.75);随着工作电压增高,热电热泵的冷热端温差增大,COP值减小,当电压大于8V后,冷热端温差大于45℃,COP值降至最小,工作性能较差。     

热电热泵在非设计工况条件下的性能分析

 采用直流电源模拟太阳能电池板输出不稳定电压驱动热电热泵工作,通过实验测试研究了在连续长时间工作、电压跳跃变化和极限电压工况下,热电热泵冷端温度T_c、热端温度T_h、冷热端温差T_d的变化对其制冷/制热的性能系数（COP）的影响。结果表明,在适宜的电压范围内,热电热泵的制冷速度快、工作性能稳定且能够长时间连续工作,而制热效果明显优于制冷效果,制热效率（E_h）平均高于制冷效率（E_c）约0.8;热电热泵的最佳工作电压区间为2~4 V,此时的冷端温度低、制冷量大、COP 值在理想范围(E_c=0.87~1.89,E_h=1.75~2.75);随着工作电压增高,热电热泵的冷热端温差增大,COP 值减小,当电压大于8V 后,冷热端温差大于45℃,COP 值降至最小,工作性能较差。     

带回热器的高效跨临界CO_2水-水热泵的实验研究

为提高跨临界CO2水-水热泵系统的效率,在原有管壳式换热器的基础上,设计了新型套管式换热器,建立了新的水-水热泵系统.对带有回热器(IHX)和不带回热器的两种循环进行了实验研究.结果表明:在3种气体冷却器进水温度下,当获得中高温热水(45-70℃)时,随着气体冷却器进水温度的升高,制热系数(COPh)降低;带回热器循环的制热系数略高于不带回热器的循环,高5%-10%.     

部分热回收风冷热泵冷热水机组性能实验研究

以一台额定制冷(热)量为45 k W的部分热回收风冷热泵机组为平台,研究和分析了样机在名义制冷、名义制热工况,在保持使用侧和热回收侧水流量不变条件下,开启热回收功能后得到出水温度为45℃和50℃热水时样机的运行参数和性能变化规律。结果表明,在名义制冷工况45℃和50℃热水出水温度时,样机制冷性能系数(COP)比无热回收分别变化-10.55%~1.09%和3.64%~12.73%,热回收综合制冷COP分别达到3.38~3.69和2.98~3.15,出水温度由45℃升高到50℃且分别采用单双风机冷凝时,样机制冷COP下降2.44%~4.68%;在名义制热工况热水45℃和50℃出水温度时,样机制热COP比无热回收降低10.96%~21.58%,50℃出水时制热COP比45℃出水时升高4.42%,热回收综合制热COP分别达到了3.28和3.09。     

中高温热泵热水装置的研制与实验研究

基于生产过程中对中高温工艺热水的需要和采用常规工质的中低温热泵热水装置的不足,研制了一种采用新工质的中高温热泵热水装置.实验表明,生产温度为60～90,℃的热水时,其工作压力低于1.4,MPa,制热系数大于3.4.其采用常规部件构建工业化装置,为干燥、杀菌、漂烫、清洗、供暖等领域提供了一种较好的热水制取装置.     

制冷剂中间排出式双温热泵性能研究

为满足双温供热的需要,提出了新型滚动转子压缩机制冷剂中间排出的双温冷凝热泵系统,并建立了系统模型,以R1234yf为制冷剂对系统进行了计算和分析.结果表明：随着相对中间排气量的增大,压缩机功耗下降,制热性能相应上升;随着蒸发温度的升高,压缩机的吸气流量增加,压缩机功耗和制热性能均上升;随着中温冷凝温度的升高,压缩机功耗上升,制热性能下降;随着高温冷凝温度的升高,压缩机功耗和制热性能同样分别呈现上升和下降的趋势.当蒸发温度为5℃,中温冷凝温度为40℃,高温冷凝温度为65℃,相对中间排气量为28%时,双温冷凝热泵系统的制热性能较传统单冷凝热泵系统提升接近11%.     

一种新型热电热泵暖风机的性能研究

提出了一种利用热电热泵制热且可回收余热的浴室用热电热泵暖风机,在热力学基础上,建立了热电热泵暖风机的数学模型,并对暖风机在不同室内温度下的制热性能进行了模拟,分析了工作电压和冷热端热管散热器热阻对暖风机制热性能的影响.模拟结果表明:该暖风机的最佳工作电压为5V;冷热端散热器热阻越小,暖风机制热性能越好;通过回收浴室排风余热,有效减小了热电芯片的冷热端温差,提高了暖风机制热性能;暖风机制热系数最高可达2.9,相比电热转换效率为0.9的传统浴室用电热取暖器,节能效果明显.     

基于ANSYS Workbench软件的半导体制冷器性能模拟研究

利用ANSYS Workbench数值模拟软件研究了输入电压、热端温度、半导体单元属性、半导体电偶臂及级间绝缘材料属性等因素对二级半导体制冷器冷端温度、冷端冷量及制冷系数等性能的影响.研究表明:在一定范围内,保持半导体制冷器热端温度不变,冷端温度随着输入电压的增大而递减;保持输入电压不变,冷端温度随着热端温度的升高而递增;保持输入电压和热端温度不变,冷端冷量随着冷端温度的升高而递增;在冷端温度、热端温度一定时,制冷系数ε随着输入电压的增大而迅速减小;半导体单元高度的增加和单元间距的减小都可以使冷端达到更低温度;随着半导体电偶臂及级间绝缘材料属性即热导率、高度的增加,冷端温度均呈递增趋势.模拟结果与实验数据对比显示,两者具有较好的吻合性.     

热泵热水装置的性能分析

针对食品、生物等领域中低温热水的应用特点,给出了一种适于工业热水制取的热泵热水装置,分析了热水温度、热水供应方式、时间运行模式、热泵驱动能源等对其性能的影响.研究表明,热水温度在50～90℃之间变化时,热泵热水装置的能源效率COP相应在4.5～2.4之间变化;燃气热泵热水装置与电驱动热泵热水装置相比,其热水制取费用及环境负荷均可降低一倍以上;当热泵热水装置需采用电能驱动时,宜尽量在谷值电价时段运行,且热水供应中由热泵直接制取所需温度的热水.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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