单电流注入的三维MREIT快速重建及实验

磁共振电阻抗成像（MREIT）是将磁共振成像（MRI）与传统电阻抗成像（EIT）技术相结合的一种电导率成像技术,通过提供成像体精确的几何信息与成像体内部的磁通密度值,改善了电阻抗成像的病态性,使得电导率图像的分辨率显著提高．针对MREIT系统的快速成像问题,在分析磁共振电阻抗成像的数学模型和正逆问题的基础上,提出利用单次电流的磁通密度分量即可进行电导率图像重建的方法,缩短了测量时间,并降低了电极间的电磁干扰;将灵敏度矩阵法扩展到三维MREIT,采用半解析法计算灵敏度矩阵,使得图像重建速度得到提高;并通过仿真与仿体实验验证了该方法的有效性．结果表明获得的电导率分布图像具有较高的分辨率和图像质量,测量与重建时间的缩短为MREIT的临床应用奠定了基础．     

开放式电阻抗成像中变差正则化重构算法

采用单排固定电极模式的开放式电阻抗成像(open electrical impedance tomography, OEIT)克服封闭式电阻抗成像在临床运用中重构模型适应性差、电极定位误差大以及操作简便性差等弊病。针对OEIT逆问题求解中更加严重的病态性问题,提出以变差函数作为罚函数项的变差正则化算法获得适定的重构解。仿真实验和水槽实验表明：变差正则化算法可有效求解OEIT重构的逆问题,重构图像能够正确反映位于电极下浅表层区域的目标位置、大小,并在一定程度上反映电导率的相对值。OEIT以其简便快速而更具潜在的临床实用价值。     

基于圆柱模型的三维电阻抗成像问题研究

以胸腔模型为例,进行了三维电阻抗成像问题研究,建立了三维圆柱模型;采用有限元法进行了电阻抗正问题分析,得到的边界电位分布能够反映内部电阻抗的变化;采用基于同伦理论改进的Newton Raphson方法进行了逆问题分析,计算得到的电阻抗分布和实际分布非常接近,说明该方法适用于电阻抗成像逆问题。     

基于粒子群优化算法的电阻抗图像重建

电阻抗成像的实际应用具有许多优越性,但电阻抗图像重建是一个严重病态的非线性逆问题。目前电阻抗成像的静态算法大多采用Newton-Raphson类算法,这类算法需要计算Jacobian矩阵、使用正则化技术等,算法复杂且稳定性较差。针对该问题,采用了一种新的求解逆问题的方法:粒子群优化算法(PSO)。PSO是一种基于种群搜索策略的自适应随机算法,具有算法简单、调节参数少、收敛速度快、易于实现等特点。给出了电阻抗成像的建模模型,并对粒子群优化算法做了适当的改进以适应电阻抗问题的求解。与牛顿类算法相比,它可以省去繁复的雅可比矩阵计算过程,而采用自适应搜索来求取最优解。仿真结果表明,应用PSO进行图像重构时,能够对突变区域进行准确的定位,图像分辨率较高。     

MNR算法参数分析

电阻抗断层成像技术(Electrical Impedance Tomography,EIT)是一种有着广泛应用前景的医学成像技术。论文在介绍了EIT测量原理的基础上,给出了修正的Newton-Raphson迭代算法步骤,讨论了影响MNR算法结果的两个参量。最后通过仿真实验表明,迭代步长和正则化参数均对MNR算法结果有着一定的影响,在进行逆问题研究时应综合考虑,获得最优结果。     

脑水肿与脑出血的动态阻抗测量和阻抗成像基础研究

利用电阻抗成像技术,分别从一维阻抗测量、二维断层成像、三维立体成像等三个方面对颅内脑水肿、脑出血进行仿真研究,并对一维电阻抗成像进行了临床实验,同时还对电流的透颅效果进行了动物实验和仿真研究。研究结果表明：低频电流能够穿过颅骨;从一维颅表测量的电阻抗变化,可以反映颅内出血和水肿的动态过程;利用二维电阻抗断层成像可以反映颅内出血的变化情况;三维电阻抗重建图像对目标定位准确,可以分辨出多个成像目标。以上研究结果为脑水肿与脑出血的图像实时监护奠定了理论基础,积累了临床实践经验。     

正交各向异性磁共振电阻抗成像问题的唯一性

利用电磁学的一系列基本定理和指标理论证明了在至少有两组互不平行输入电流的条件下,  电导率分布为正交各向异性的磁共振电阻抗成像(MREIT)问题的唯一性.     

基于磁致边界振动希尔伯特变换的电导率重建简化算法

磁声成像是一种结合电阻抗成像和超声成像优点的多物理场耦合新型成像方法,能实现组织的电阻抗对比成像,重建组织内部电阻抗分布的边界.本研究首先利用强指向性换能器来提高磁致振动检测的方向精确性,通过磁声声压导数实现边界振动声源法向声压的提取;然后从换能器的接收声压出发,利用三维空间的格林函数推导了一种基于磁致边界振动法向声压的电导率重建算法,明确了重建过程中声压及其导数的物理意义;最后建立了圆柱坐标下的柱状扫描系统,对双层偏心圆柱组织模型所产生的声压和换能器所接收到的磁声声波进行了模拟,利用Hilbert变换实现波簇包络定位和相位分析,恢复磁致边界振动声压,重建扫描面的二维电导率分布和模型截面具有较高的一致性,不但获得了组织的边界信息,还实现了组织内部电导率分布的精确重建.所提出的基于磁致边界振动希尔伯特变换的电阻抗重建简化算法为组织病变的电阻抗成像和磁声诊断提供了新方法.     

电阻抗成像正则化参数的优化方法

为改善电阻抗成像逆问题的不适定性,通常采用Tikhonov正则化算法来求得适当的解。正则化参数对重建图像的质量和计算速度影响较大。笔者提出了一种基于残差范数和解范数乘积的优化方法(PRS)求取电阻抗成像的正则化参数。为验证该方法的有效性,笔者针对不同的目标大小、目标位置、目标电导率、目标数目以及不同程度的噪声分别进行了重建图像的仿真实验和水槽实验。结果表明：这种优化方法可以快速找到相对最优的正则化参数,且具有良好的抗噪性能。与传统的L曲线方法相比,提高了图像重建质量。     

低频电流场逆问题的一种算法及模拟

用广义增量线性函数的理论，结合有限元法，提出了一种解低频电流场逆问题的新 方法。通过计算机模拟和实验室模拟验证了此算法有唯一解且收敛性好。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-