雨生红球藻的培养及虾青素的提取与检测

以雨生红球藻为原材料,通过对光照条件、培养液pH和温度等条件的优化确定雨生红球藻在改良后的BBM培养基中的适宜生长条件;采用研磨结合超声波破碎的方法对雨生红球藻进行破壁,利用乙酸乙酯、丙酮和70%乙醇分别提取雨生红球藻中的虾青素,并通过紫外吸收光谱、红外吸收光谱以及高效液相色谱对虾青素的含量进行检测分析,确定虾青素的最佳提取方法。结果表明:在pH=8.0的改良BBM培养基中,光照度为2 000~2 500 lx时连续24 h光照条件下雨生红球藻能够快速生长和繁殖,采用研磨法破壁后利用乙酸乙酯提取虾青素的提取率可达91.41%。本实验优化了雨生红球藻的培养条件,确定了虾青素提取的有效方法,为雨生红球藻的扩大生产及深入研究奠定了基础。     

雨生红球藻的培养及虾青素累积条件的探讨

探讨了雨生红球藻(Haematoccuspluvialis) 712株的适宜培养条件及藻体诱导累积虾青素的培养基条件.重点研究了温度、pH和光照条件对雨生红球藻营养生长的影响,以及NaNO3 、Fe2 + 盐和乙酸钠浓度对雨生红球藻诱导累积虾青素含量的影响.结果表明,2 4℃、10 0 0～15 0 0lx连续光照,pH8.0左右的生长条件适合雨生红球藻游动细胞增殖,使平均生长速率达到0 .2 5 2d-1.通过正交试验表明缺氮培养基对于雨生红球藻细胞累积虾青素最为有利,虾青素含量达到6 .72 μg·mL-1,而FeSO4和乙酸钠浓度对虾青素的累积无显著性的影响     

雨生红球藻中虾青素酯的皂化及游离虾青素的纯化分离

研究了雨生红球藻细胞内提取的虾青素酯皂化水解成游离虾青素的工艺条件———碱浓度、皂化温度和时间对皂化反应的影响.结果表明:4 0g/LKOH -甲醇15℃下皂化10min ,可以将虾青素酯完全皂化,得到的游离虾青素含量最高,达到原料总类胡萝卜素含量的81.9% .经2 0 0目(0 .0 71mm)硅胶G柱层析后,薄层色谱分析表明:只有一个游离虾青素的色素斑点,用HPLC结合折光示差检测器测定可知:游离虾青素的纯度达到98%以上,产率达到16 .5 μg/mg(细胞干重) .     

雨生红球藻室外大体积培养与虾青素积累初步研究

针对雨生红球藻(Haematococcus pluvialis)大体积室外培养开展实验,对不同品系藻株、不同营养方式、胁迫条件等对雨生红球藻生长及虾青素积累的进行了初步研究.结果表明, HPM品系在室外培养过程中指数生长率为0.22,胁迫后虾青素产率为1.35 mg/L,均优于其他两个品系.室外培养中加入醋酸钠的混合培养基可以缩短胁迫时间,并且其虾青素的积累量比光合自养培养下提高了126.3%.盐胁迫比高光胁迫更能有效地积累虾青素,虾青素产率从0.76 mg/L提高到了1.33 mg/L.     

雨生红球藻和红发夫酵母混合培养体系的氮代谢机理

雨生红球藻和红发夫酵母是自然界申能够大量合成虾青素的两种主要微生物,二者混合培养比单独培养能提高虾青素的产量,氮代谢是影响虾青素合成的关键因素之一．为此,着重研究了雨生红球藻单独培养及混合培养过程中的氮代谢机理．结果表明,在强光照射诱导雨生红球藻合成虾青素的过程中,藻细胞迅速吸收硝酸盐并向胞外分泌NH_4~ ,培养液中的NH_4~ 浓度上升,同时值pH值也急剧升高．由于NH_4~ 对藻细胞有毒害作用,抑制了虾青素的进一步合成．而在混合培养过程中,即使在虾青素大量合成阶段,培养液中的NH_4~ 浓度也基本稳定．进一步的分析结果表明,红发夫酵母细胞吸收利用了雨生红球藻细胞代谢过程中产生的NH_4~ ,培养液的pH值基本稳定7．0左右,从而使藻细胞内流向虾青素合成方向的碳代谢流始终保持较高的通量,提高了虾青素产量．     

不同培养基对雨生红球藻生长和虾青素累积的影响

在适宜和亚适宜条件下，用BBM、HGZ两种培养基对3个不同品系的雨生红球藻培养，通过对生长速率、干重、叶绿素有虾青素累积量测定，比较不同培养基、不同培养条件对红球藻的生长与虾青素累积的影响。结果表明：BBM培养基比HGZ培养基更适合营养生长。3个品系（H17、HPM、HPB）的平均生长速率比HGZ培养基分别高57．2％、28．97％、18．1％，培养10d，叶绿素含量增加201．9％－288．2％、干重增加38．8％－114．3％。在高光强和缺氮条件培养15d后，用HGZ培养基培养的3个红球藻品素细胞的虾青素累积为BBM培养基的2．0－2．5倍。实验结果也表明：细胞生长和虾青素的累积也存在不同品系之间。     

雨生红球藻室外大体积培养与虾青素积累初步研究

针对雨生红球藻（Haematococcus pluvialis）大体积室外培养开展实验，对不同品系藻株、不同营养方式、胁迫条件等对雨生红球藻生长及虾青素积累的进行了初步研究．结果表明，HPM品系在室外培养过程中指数生长率为0．22，胁迫后虾青素产率为1．35mg／L，均优于其他两个品系．室外培养中加入醋酸钠的混合培养基可以缩短胁迫时间，并且其虾青素的积累量比光合自养培养下提高了126．3％．盐胁迫比高光胁迫更能有效地积累虾青素，虾青素产率从0．76mg／L提高到了1．33mg／L．     

维生素B1、B12在雨生红球藻不同培养阶段的作用研究

研究了维生素B1、B12对雨生红球藻营养生长及胁迫阶段各生长指标的影响.研究结果表明适量维生素的加入具有促进雨生红球藻生长、提高胁迫条件下的微藻存活率、以及促进虾青素积累等作用.其中,在培养基中添加w(B12)=5×10-8维生素B12,可以使雨生红球藻的生长率、存活率和虾青素产量分别较空白组提高21%、264%和43%以上.此外,研究还发现在单独加入维生素B1和B12的培养组中,大部分培养组的孢子比率均明显下降,这为降低虾青素的提取难度和提高虾青素的利用率提供了新的思路.     

雨生红球藻规模化培养技术的研发进展

作为一种重要的类胡萝卜素,天然虾青素因其强抗氧化能力而具有抗癌、增强免疫、抗紫外线、着色等功效,故具有很高的经济价值和市场需求.雨生红球藻(Haematococcus pluvialis)被公认为天然虾青素的最佳来源,现已成功实现规模化培养.另一方面,由于其生长缓慢、易受污染等特点使其大规模高密度培养受到限制,该领域研究遂成为当前国际研究和生产方面的重要课题.目前,雨生红球藻规模化培养技术主要分为开放式和封闭式两类,后者主要包括管道式光生物反应器、立柱式光生物反应器、平板式光生物反应器、薄膜式光生物反应器以及半球体式光生物反应器等培养技术.归纳和总结了目前全球雨生红球藻产业化培养的技术现状,并对新的培养技术做了简单的介绍,以期为我国雨生红球藻规模化养殖提供技术参考.     

雨生红球藻油柔性纳米脂质体冻干粉的制备与评价

采用熔融乳化法与冷冻干燥法制备雨生红球藻油柔性纳米脂质体冻干粉(Hpo-FNL-LP),并研究其包封率、载药量、粒径、Zeta电位、微观形态及稳定性.采用桨法测定Hpo-FNL-LP体外累积溶出率,扩散池法测定皮肤累计渗透量,高效液相色谱法(HPLC)法测定虾青素血药质量浓度.结果表明:Hpo-FNL-LP的包封率为(89.16±1.21)%,载药量为(1.34±0.04)%,粒径为(165.75±0.11)nm,Zeta电位为(-18.45±0.48)mV,微观形态为双层膜的圆形结构,稳定性较好;与雨生红球藻油乙醇溶液相比,Hpo-FNL-LP具有一定的缓释效果;Hpo-FNL-LP中虾青素24 h的皮肤累计渗透量达到(12.84±0.36)μg·cm^-2,显著高于雨生红球藻油普通脂质体;与虾青素油溶液相比,Hpo-FNL-LP的t_1/2延长,ρ_max与AUC_0-t增大,相对生物利用度高达(422.53±3.30)%.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to