Profile characterization and temperature dependence of droplet control on textured surfaces

Droplet control on textured surfaces has attracted much attention in the fields of drag reduction and high-efficiency microreactors. We investigated the profile characterization and temperature dependence of droplet control between wetting and non-wetting on a series of textured silicon surfaces. Surfaces were fabricated using photolithography, and the temperature-dependent wettability of the single phase regime droplets was characterized using dynamic contact angle measurements. The experiments demonstrated that the profile of textured surfaces characterizes the droplets Leidenfrost point. The Leidenfrost point is proportional to the micro-pillar size and rectangular wave-length of the textured surface and is inversely proportional to ambient temperature. The Leidenfrost droplets moved freely on the textured surface, almost without hysteresis. Droplets could be directed on the surface of microreactors with a low driving force.     

双疏水表面润湿和传热动力学研究

为实现润湿图案化的超疏水表面在航空电子设备散热中的应用,本文对液滴撞击双疏水表面(具有疏水性图案的超疏水基质)的润湿行为和传热特性进行了分析.通过使用高速相机和红外相机,我们获取了液滴铺展和回退阶段的动力学以及表面温度和热流量的相应空间分布.本文研究了液滴撞击超疏水、疏水和双疏水表面上的动态润湿和局部传热的差异.此外,本文还分析了表面温度和撞击高度对液滴撞击过程的影响.结果表明,所有表面在铺展阶段都具有相同的润湿特性和相似的传热行为.表面温度变化并不能对铺展阶段表面润湿特性产生较大的影响,液滴铺展时间与表面温度和撞击高度无关.在回退阶段,表面润湿特性的差异使得三个表面之间的传热特性明显不同.双疏水表面特殊润湿特性使得回退阶段液膜的接触线速度存在跳变现象,形成了许多小液滴,增加了接触面积,同时又兼具了超疏水表面的回弹特性.     

B10白铜表面超疏水膜的制备及其耐腐蚀性能研究

以B10白铜为基底,采用刻蚀、煅烧和表面改性的方法制备了超疏水膜,采用K100-MK2型张力仪测量超疏水膜的接触角,采用扫描电子显微镜观察超疏水膜的表面形貌,采用电化学工作站测试超疏水膜在3.5% NaCl（%表示质量分数）水溶液中的耐腐蚀性能。结果表明,刻蚀、煅烧后的B10白铜样品分别在溶液A中改性5 min、在溶液B中改性12 h后,得到的两种超疏水膜的接触角可分别达到153.2°和151.5°。将两种超疏水膜分别在3.5% NaCl水溶液中腐蚀10 d后,与裸B10白铜相比,仍表现出较好的耐腐蚀持久性。该方法为制备具有抗腐蚀和自清洁性能的超疏水表面提供了一条有效途径,可用于金属材料的表面改性。     

Fabrication of MgB_2 superconducting films by different methods

MgB2 superconducting films have been successfully fabricated on single crystal MgO(111) and c-AL2O3 substrates by different methods. The film deposited by pulsed laser deposition is c-axis oriented with zero resistance transition temperature of 38.4 K, while the other two films fabricated by chemical vapor deposition and electrophoresis are c-axis textured with the zero resistance transition temperature of 38 K and 39 K, respectively. Magnetization hysteresis measurements yield critical current density Jc of 107 A/cm2 at 15 K in zero field for the thin film and of 105 A/cm2 for the thick film. For the thin film deposited by chemical vapor deposition, the microwave surface resistance at 10 K is found to be as low as 100μΩ, which is comparable with that of a high-quality high-temperature superconducting thin film of YBCO.     

高温球体与水的沸腾传热特性研究

为研究高温流体与水的传热特性,采用理论分析与自由界面追踪数值技术对高温球体表面的沸腾传热过程进行研究,得到球体表面传热特性的变化规律. 分析结果表明,当球体温度不变时,蒸气膜层厚度自前滞点往后逐渐增大,膜层内温度呈非线性分布降低,速率呈抛物型分布. 当球体温度提高时蒸气膜层厚度变大,相应的蒸气速率峰值也变大,球面传热系数却变小. 数值仿真结果显示了气-液界面上不稳定性波动发展和气泡成长过程,较为真实地反映出沸腾传热的动态过程.      

Deposition of bio-mimicking graphene sheets with lotus leaf-like and cell-like structures on the nickel substrate

Bio-mimicking graphene films,deposited on textured nickel substrates,were synthesized by the following method:replicating the surface textures of the lotus leaf by polymer duplication,fabricating textured nickel substrates by electroplating on the polymer coated with a Au film,preparing bio-mimicking graphene oxide films on the nickel substrates by vacuum filtration,and electrochemical reduction.By controlling the vacuum filtration,this replica method can not only replicate the lotus leaf structure by a graphene film,but also can achieve a novel cell-like graphene film.     

热轧带钢层流冷却中的温度演变及返红规律

用有限元法模拟热轧带钢层流冷却中的温度场并计算典型位置处的冷却速度.分析水冷期间和随后返红过程冷却速度周期性变化规律,发现在轧件横断面厚度方向上距离表面大约半厚度的1/3处存在一条冷却速度临界线;在临界线与表面之间冷却速度有正负交替现象;此临界线是冷却过程中瞬时内部热输出区与热输入区(返红区域)的分界线;在返红区域回归出返红温度随经历时间和各点到表面距离的变化规律的关系模型.此研究为组织性能预测和控制提供了参考数据.     

摩擦副表面物化特性对纳米级膜厚的影响

为研究固体表面物理化学特性对 nm级润滑膜厚度的影响 ,以铝、铬、钛和二氧化钛作为基体表面材料 ,采用NGY- 2型 nm级膜厚测量仪 ,对 136 0 4标准粘度液、添加有10 %十六酸乙酯的 136 0 4溶液和液体石蜡的膜厚进行了测量 ,并利用 Fourier红外分析仪对润滑剂在实验前后的成分变化进行了检测。红外光谱数据表明 ,不同基体下 ,润滑剂在实验前后的化学成分没有发生变化。膜厚测量结果发现 ,基体的表面物理化学性质对润滑膜厚度有较大影响 ,对基体Al,Cr,Ti,Ti O2 ,弹流润滑向薄膜润滑的转变的临界膜厚按基体表面能增大的顺序依次增大。该研究为处于薄膜润滑状态的润滑系统摩擦副的设计提供了理论基础     

烘烤温度对LaNiO_3薄膜微结构与电学性能的影响

采用sol-gel技术在单晶Si(100)衬底上制备了LaNiO3导电薄膜.利用X射线粉末衍射、原子力显微镜、扫描电子显微镜和四探针电阻测量法研究了不同烘烤温度对LaNiO3薄膜的晶体结构、表面形貌和导电性能的影响.结果表明,LaNiO3薄膜均为赝立方钙钛矿结构,表面致密、均匀,衬底与薄膜间界面清晰.烘烤温度为210℃时,薄膜具有最好的<110>择优取向性.烘烤温度在210℃的薄膜具有最低的电阻率,达到10-4Ω.cm数量级,导电性能最好.     

Anisotropic spinodal dewetting as a route to self-assembly of patterned surfaces

The ability to pattern surfaces on a microscopic length scale is of importance for technological applications such as the fabrication of microelectronic circuits and digital storage media. Devices fabricated entirely from polymers are now available, opening up the possibility of adapting polymer processing technologies to fabricate cheap, large-area devices using non-lithographic techniques--for example, by exploiting dewetting and phase separation in thin films. But the final pattern adopted by the polymer film using such approaches requires a template printed onto the substrate by optical lithography, microcontact printing or vapour deposition. Here we describe a simple process for patterning surfaces that does not require a template. Our method involves the spinodal dewetting of a polymer surface by a thin polymer film, in which a liquid film breaks up owing to the amplification of thermal fluctuations in film thickness induced by dispersion forces. A preferred orientation is imposed on the dewetting process simply by rubbing the substrate, and this gives rise to patterns of remarkably well-aligned polymer lines. The width of these lines is well-defined, and is controlled by the magnitude of the dispersion forces at the interface, which in turn can be varied by varying the thickness of the polymer substrate. We expect that further work will make it possible to optimize the degree of order in the final morphology.     

分段冷却模式下热轧双相钢的组织演变及力学性能

通过热模拟实验研究了分段冷却模式下变形温度、保温温度及保温时间对Nb-Ti微合金热轧双相钢组织演变及性能的影响.结果表明:降低变形温度可促进铁素体的转变,使马氏体形态由大块状过渡到岛状;保温温度从740℃逐渐降至580℃时,铁素体转变量先增加后减少,保温温度为660℃时铁素体转变量达到峰值;随保温时间延长铁素体转变量增加,且铁素体转变量与时间的关系曲线呈“S”型.采用超快冷+空冷+层流冷的冷却模式并通过调整终轧温度及空冷时间获得了630~710MPa的热轧双相钢,屈强比≤061,相应的组织为铁素体+马氏体或铁素体+马氏体+少量的贝氏体.     

气相外延法生长碲镉汞薄膜的形貌特性研究

MOVPE(Metal-organicvapourphaseepitaxy)是目前流行的一种生长衬底上生长半导体薄膜材料的方法.讨论在碲锌镉(CdZnTe)和GaAs衬底上生长HgCdTe薄膜,通过实验得出,碲锌镉衬底和GaAs衬底的晶片方向、结晶完整性、缺陷浓度及生长前衬底的处理工艺都会严重影响到碲镉汞薄膜表面特性.     

非理想表面层对一级相变铁电薄膜性质的影响

应用Ginzburg-Landau-Devonshire(GLD) 理论研究了 非理想表面对夹持在两个金属电极间的一级铁电薄膜性质的影响. 结果表明, 非理想表面层的存在降低了一级铁电薄膜的铁电相变转变温度, 当两个表面层不对称时, 铁电薄膜的电滞回线失去了中心对称性.     

Al阳极氧化及涂膜后处理的微观组织及性能研究

为了提高铝的硬度及耐蚀性能,利用硫酸阳极氧化法对铝板材进行表面处理。采用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、显微硬度计和滴碱试验等对获得的氧化膜进行观察和性能分析。结果表明,铝硫酸阳极氧化膜具有多孔性,氧化膜主要以非晶态的形式存在,膜厚度处于5～19μm。随着阳极氧化时槽电压、电流密度和氧化时间的增加,氧化膜的厚度、耐蚀性和硬度增加;提高电解液温度和浓度,氧化膜的硬度、耐蚀性和厚度则下降。对氧膜化进行PTFE涂膜后处理能有效地改善氧化膜的多孔结构。     

铜镀层对IC引线框架表面抗氧化失效的作用

研究了在铜合金表面电镀纯铜层保护膜对铜合金引线框架氧化失效的影响.研究发现,电镀纯铜层后,纯铜层氧化速率较高,氧化膜较厚,然而,由于纯铜层的阻挡作用,可以使氧化只发生在纯铜层上,减少CuO的生成.当铜合金表面的电镀纯铜层厚度超过一个临界值,表面电镀纯铜处理可以明显改善材料的耐氧化剥离性.表面电镀前的铜合金氧化膜结构为CuO/Cu2O/Cu.电镀纯铜层后,氧化膜结构变为Cu2O/Cu,当氧化膜主要由Cu2O构成时,氧化膜结合强度较高.     

喷雾冷却沸腾传热强化试验

随喷雾流量及过热度增加,热流密度增大,但热表面中心干涸区变大、液膜覆盖区减小,表面利用率降低,传热性能有提升空间。基于此,通过改变单喷嘴高度、设计微孔阵列喷嘴两种途径,探讨热表面液膜均匀性和喷雾冲击强度对传热的影响规律。结果表明单喷嘴高度存在最佳值(4 mm),此时热表面无干涸区,喷雾冷却沸腾传热性能最强;与喷嘴高度6 mm相比,在喷雾流量为50 mL/min、过热度为20 K时,热流密度提高了13%;微孔阵列喷嘴形成的液膜分布更均匀,使得表面温度也较均匀,当过热度大于10 K,微孔阵列喷雾传热性能更优,比上述工况下单喷嘴的热流密度提高16%。强烈冲击的均匀薄液膜是决定喷雾冷却沸腾传热的关键,为进一步强化喷雾冷却沸腾传热提供了可行的方向。     

Chemically robust carbon nanotube – PTFE superhydrophobic thin films with enhanced ability of wear resistance

A chemically robust superhydrophobic nanocomposite thin film with enhanced wear resistance is prepared from a composite comprising polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE) and carbon nanotubes.The superhydrophobic thin films with hierarchical structure are fabricated by spraying an environmentally friendly aqueous dispersion containing carbon nanotubes and PTFE resin on silicon wafer.Thin films with a contact angle of 154.1°± 2° and a sliding angle less than 2° remain superhydrophobic after abrading over 500 times under a pressure of 50 g/cm~2.The thin film is also extremely stable even under much stress conditions.To further the understanding of the enhancement of wear resistance,we investigated the formation of microsized structure and their effects.The growth of microbumps is caused by attracting solution droplet to the hydrophilic islands on hydrophobic surface.     

PET核孔膜剖面制备研究

北京HI-13串列静电型加速器提供的32S离子辐照聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PET）膜,采用主峰波长为365 nm的紫外光灯对辐照过的PET膜的正反面敏化3 h,用电导法制备不同孔型的核孔膜。分别在室温（15℃）、干冰冷却（-78℃）、液氮冷冻（-196℃）条件下,制得核孔膜剖面的扫描电子显微镜样品。结果表明,温度越低,膜的塑性大幅降低且脆化程度增加。液氮冷冻条件下,薄膜不与液氮发生反应且断裂时伸长率大幅度降低。扫描电子显微镜观察结果表明,液氮冷冻后制得的截面残余形变最小,从而很好地反应了核孔膜孔道内部的形状、尺寸等特征。     

非对称热轧高品质不锈钢复合板可行性模拟研究

利用特厚规格复合板与较薄规格复合板进行非对称组坯,采用ABAQUS有限元软件对其热轧过程中的应变、接触应力及温度分布进行计算,并通过温度补偿及冷却控制的手段,对热轧非对称复合坯的可行性进行模拟分析。结果表明,采用非对称组坯设计,有利于特厚复合板碳钢层与不锈钢层在各道次轧制中的界面结合;通过控制复合坯上、下表面的温差,能有效改善板坯翘曲现象,并可一次性获得一块宽幅特厚复合板与一块宽幅较薄规格复合板,提高生产效率;此外,采用非对称组坯设计还可实现控轧控冷,保证芯部不锈钢与碳钢的协同变形,促进其界面结合。     

单晶硅衬底上金刚石成核密度的研究

本文研究了用热灯丝化学气相沉积方法在单晶硅衬底上制备金刚石薄膜时其成核密度与制备条件的关系。结果表明,衬底表面状态、衬底温度、灯丝温度、灯丝与衬底表面间距离等对金刚石成核密度有明显的影响,且表面状态的影响最大。