外刊要论

“基地”组织的媒体战略M arc Lynch(威廉姆斯大学政治学副教授)《国家利益》2006年春季刊美国《国家利益》杂志社出版“基地”组织很早就意识到并利用了卫星电视和互联网在宣传方面的优势。在遭受重击转入“地下”分散行动后,“基地”组织的信息交流和政治宣传更得益于这些影响面广泛的媒体。“基地”组织的媒体战略服务于其政治目标,即彰显伊斯兰属性,鼓动伊斯兰世界与西方对立。它要影响的对象不仅包括“圣战者”,还包括阿拉伯世界的普通穆斯林,希望获得普通大众的支持。随着“基地”老三扎卡维的崛起,“基地”组织对媒体的利用有了新的…     

伊斯兰潮:困顿与突围

目前在西方国家中有一种说法很流行,认为代表伊斯兰的“绿色”正在全球蔓延,并对西方的价值观念和西方世界的稳定构成了日益严重的威胁。穆斯林认为,伊斯兰在经历了几个世纪的衰落之后,正在走上复兴之路……现实的情况是,伊斯兰教作为一种意识形态和文化传统,正日益成为一种对当代世界格局,对国际政治具有重要影响的力量。     

波黑烽火中的伊斯兰影子

波黑内战开始以来,国内舆论尤其是西方新闻媒介大量绘声绘色地报道波黑清真寺被毁,波黑穆斯林正遭到塞尔维亚人的摧残,他们伤亡惨重,流离失所,大批沦为国际难民。这些报道在伊斯兰世界引起强烈反响。伊斯兰国家组织多次召开会议声援波黑穆斯林。在印度尼西亚召开的不结盟国家首脑会议上,伊斯兰国家积极要求把南斯拉夫联盟共和国(包括塞尔维亚共和国和黑山共和国)开除出不结盟运动。一些伊斯兰国家为支持波黑穆斯林而宣布断绝同南斯拉夫联盟     

来自伊斯兰原教旨主义的挑战

有关伊斯兰原教旨主义(Islamic Fundamen-talism)的情况,是最近10多年来国际社会广为重视的话题。一般来说,伊斯兰原教旨主义泛指穆斯林世界重返“麦地那”的思潮,它认为现代社会已经彻底背离了伊斯兰的理想,并把近代伊斯兰世界的衰落和被欺凌归结为没有按照早期伊斯兰教纯洁的教义行事。因此它宣称要用伊斯兰原旨教义规范穆斯林社会,重建伊斯兰国家,并把古兰经及圣训     

穆斯林的另外一面

今后的几年里，温和的穆斯林将在同西方关系中扮演重要角色，但目前伊斯兰世界学者关心的问题是，温和的穆斯林能不能保证中东局势稳定。著名伊斯兰教学者阿里·卡尔达维认为，     

西方传教士对近代中国伊斯兰教的认知

近代西方传教士进入中国不久就发现了生活在那里的一个"独特的"穆斯林群体,并对其投入了极大的关注和兴趣,开始了解、研究这一群体及其信仰——中国伊斯兰教。他们考证了伊斯兰教传入中国的时间,整理了中国伊斯兰教文献,在与阿訇和毛拉的接触中也形成了他们对这些中国伊斯兰教宗教职业者的认识。这些共同构建了西方传教士对近代中国伊斯兰教的初步认知。尽管西方传教士了解和研究中国伊斯兰教的直接目的是出于传教,但他们的研究开启了近代西人研究中国伊斯兰教和回族穆斯林的先河。     

“悲情效应”下的全球反恐

<正>西方国家是以基督教文明为主的,而中东地区依托的是伊斯兰文明。所以西方在中东反恐反得越狠,对穆斯林世界(包括欧美的穆斯林移民后裔)来说,"悲情效应"就越强烈,就会有越多的人起来反对西方。这就是为什么奥巴马在华盛顿反恐峰会上特别强调反恐不能和伊斯兰教联系起来的原因所在。但是他越强调这个问题,就越说明这个问题的严重性。     

欧洲穆斯林:历史与现状

9.11事件的发生及随后国际社会反恐行动的开展,把世界的目光聚焦在伊斯兰极端恐怖势力赖以存身的穆斯林世界。然而,人们对穆斯林世界的认识也仅限于恐怖分子较为猖獗的中东、中亚、南亚与东南亚地区,而对表现较为温和的欧洲穆斯林却缺乏必要的了解。进入欧洲“三步曲”伊斯兰教兴起后不久,穆斯林便开始进入欧洲。随     

奥巴马的外交（二）——中东和平进程的启动步履维艰

在小布什政府时期，美国与穆斯林世界的关系大成问题。虽然小布什政府花费了相当大的力气在穆斯林世界从事公众外交，但由于在其任内忽视了巴以和平进程，在反恐中又不够注意策略，加之一贯的口无遮拦，甚至一度使用了“伊斯兰法西斯主义”的说法。穆斯林世界对布什政府疑虑甚深，反美主义十分强烈。     

伊斯兰世界

伊斯兰国家又称穆斯林国家,通常是指国内穆斯林超过总人口的半数,或穆斯林人口虽未过半但伊斯兰文化占主导地位的国家。全世界共有50多个伊斯兰国家。这些国家主要分布在西亚、北非和东南亚一带。此外,在70多个非伊斯兰国家还散居着大量穆斯林。可以说,世界各大洲的几乎每一个角落都有穆斯林居住。据伊斯兰最高级会议1988年初公布的数字,全世界共有穆斯林9.269亿。作为与基督教和佛教并列的世界三大宗教之一,伊斯兰教徒人数仅次于基督教,为世界第二大宗教。伊斯兰教由阿拉伯半岛麦加人穆罕默德创建于公元7世纪初,到8世纪初已发展成为地跨欧亚非三洲的世界性宗教,进入20世纪,在西欧、北美和南美等地区也得到传播和发展。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that