一种低功耗全CMOS电压基准电路的设计

提出一种低功耗全CMOS电压基准电路,它是根据NMOS载流子迁移率与阈值电压互补的温度效应原理产生的电压基准。采用0．5um n阱硅栅工艺模型．通过Hspice软件对电路进行了仿真,在-20- ＋100℃）g．范围内温度系数为33ppm／℃,电路工作在3～5V电压下,静态功耗仅为10-5uA。     

低功耗高电源抑制比CMOS带隙基准源设计

基于Ahujia基准电压发生器设计了低功耗、高电源抑制比CMOS基准电压发生器电路.其设计特点是采用了共源共栅电流镜,运放的输出作为驱动的同时还作为自身的偏置电路;其次是采用了带隙温度补偿技术.使用CSMC标准0.6μm双层多晶硅n-well CMOS工艺混频信号模型,利用Cadence的Spectre工具对其仿真,结果显示,当温度和电源电压变化范围为-50-150℃和4.5-5.5 V时,输出基准电压变化小于1.6 mV(6.2×10-6/℃)和0.13 mV;低频电源抑制比达到75 dB.电路在5 V电源电压下工作电流小于10 μA.该电路适用于对功耗要求低、稳定度要求高的集成温度传感器电路中.     

一种高性能的BiCMOS带隙基准电压源

提出了一种新颖的利用负反馈环路以及RC滤波器提高电源抑制比的高精密CMOS带隙基准电压源．采用上海贝岭的1．2μm BiCMOS工艺进行设计和仿真,spectre模拟表明该电路具有较高的精度和稳定性,带隙基准的输出电压为1．254V,在2．7V-5．5V电源电压范围内基准随输人电压的最大偏移为0．012mV,基准的最大静态电流约为11．27μA;当温度-40℃-120℃范围内,基准温度系数为1mV;在电源电压为3．6V时,基准的总电流约为10．6μA,功耗约为38．16μW;并且基准在低频时具有100dB以上的电源电压抑制比（PSRR）,基准的输出启动时间约为39μs．     

高精度可调节CMOS带隙基准电路设计

为了实现可变参考电压的电路结构,且降低该参考电压的温度系数,采用CSMC 0.6 μm的CMOS N阱工艺模型,设计了一种新型高精度可调节CMOS带隙基准电压源电路.该电路在传统带隙基准的基础上,增加了一级运算放大器,并详细分析了合理的参数取值,可以通过调整电阻值来得到任意输出参考电压.设计结果表明,在-55℃～125℃温度范围内,该电路不仅具有良好的温度特性,对工艺也不敏感.     

一种高精度的 CMOS 电流基准

设计了一种高精度的电流基准电路.电路采用正温度系数和负温度系数的电流并联相加,并考虑了电阻的温度系数,得到与温度无关的基准电流源.说明了核电流基准的工作原理,并给出设计公式和误差分析.电路采用0.6 μm CMOS 工艺实现,仿真结果表明,在3 V的电压下,电路的耗电电流为105 μA,在温度-40～120℃范围内,输出电流为5 μA,温度漂移为72 ppm/℃.     

一种低电压、低功耗CMOS基准电压源的设计

本文设计了一种低电压、低功耗、高电源抑制比CMOS基准电压源。该电路基于工作在亚阈值区的MOS管,利用PTAT电流源与微功耗运算放大器构成负反馈系统以提高电源电压抑制比。SPICE仿真显示,在1V的电源电压下,输出基准电压为609mV,温度系数为72ppm/℃,静态工作电流仅为1.23μA。在1-5V的电源电压变化范围内,电压灵敏度为130μV/V,低频电源电压抑制比为74dB。该电路为全CMOS电路,不需要用到寄生PNP三极管,具有良好的CMOS工艺兼容性。     

一种三阶曲率补偿带隙基准电压源的设计

在传统电流求和模式带隙基准电压源的基础上进行改进，设计了一种简单的三阶曲率补偿带隙基准电压源。该基准源由启动电路、低压高增益两级运算放大器、基准核心电路和高阶曲率补偿电路组成。在低温段，通过PMOS管进行二阶补偿；在高温段，通过PTAT2电流进行三阶补偿。基于CSMC 0．35μm CMOS工艺，采用Cadence软件对设计电路进行仿真分析。结果表明，在－40～125℃温度范围内，5 V电源电压下，基准源输出电压为1．226V，输出电压变化范围为0．51mV，基准源的温度系数为2．5×10－6／℃，低频时的电源抑制比为－67 dB。     

3.53×10-6m/℃非带隙VT/Vth互补偿CMOS电压基准

提出了一种基于阈值电压Vth与热电压VT相互补偿的新型非带隙CMOS电压基准源.采用一种新型电路结构提取正比于Vth的电流,通过自偏置电流镜结构获得正比于两个三极管VBE之差的电流输出,两者在公共电阻上的线性叠加,实现Vth与VT的相互补偿.基于3.3 V电源电压0.35 μm标准CMOS工艺模型在Cadance Spectre仿真环境下对电路进行模拟验证,获得以下结果输出基准电压为716.828 mV,在-55℃～+125℃范围内,其温度系数为3.53×10-6m/℃;VDD在2.7 V～4 V之间变化时,输出电压变化率为1.346%.     

基于体驱动技术的低压CMOS带隙基准电路设计

为满足低电源电压设备对精密电压基准的需求,文章设计了一款低压CMOS带隙基准电路。该电路的放大器使用体驱动技术,提高了输入电压共模范围;基准电路采用电阻分压结构,通过调节电阻之间的比值获得所需要的基准电压;并采用TSMC 0.35μm CMOS工艺模型对电路进行了仿真,电源电压工作在1 V,输出电压在550 mV左右,在-40-120℃范围内温度漂移大约为19×10-6℃。     

一种BiCMOS带隙基准电压源的设计

设计了低温度系数、高电源抑制比BiCMOS带隙基准电压发生器电路.综合了带隙电压的双极型带隙基准电路和与电源电压无关的电流镜的优点.电流镜用作运放,它的输出作为驱动的同时还作为带隙基准电路的偏置电路.使用0.6μm双层多晶硅n-well BiCMOS工艺模型,利用Spectre工具对其仿真,结果显示当温度和电源电压变化范围分别为-45~85℃和4.5~5.5 V时,输出基准电压变化1 mV和0.6 mV;温度系数为16×10-6/℃;低频电源抑制比达到75 dB.电路在5 V电源电压下工作电流小于25μA.该电路适用于对精度要求高、温度系数低的锂离子电池充电器电路.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.