压电探针应用于原子力显微镜液体成像的研究

研究了采用微悬臂梁上集成的ZnO压电薄膜作为微驱动的探针的直接激振方法,比较了间接激振和直接激振方法下探针在液体中的振动性能,以标准生理溶液中的海拉细胞为样品,对原子力显微镜在液体环境下轻敲模式的成像性能进行了实验研究.研究表明,采用压电探针的直接激振方法在探针振动的幅频曲线中仅有单一谐振峰,可以避免在压电陶瓷管激振方法下由液体振动造成的寄生谐振峰,因此使用压电探针不仅提高了探针振动频率的控制精度,而且减小了针尖对样品的损坏,还提高了仪器的带宽和成像速度.对于512×512点阵和60μm×60μm范围的图像,使用该方法可将采集速度由原来的2~3 min/帧提高到15~20 s/帧,并且扫描速度的提高对原子力显微镜在动态过程中的研究有着重要的参考价值.     

Cu(110)-O表面NC-AFM探针针尖的纳米指纹识别技术研究

在扫描探针显微镜(SPM)技术(包括原子力显微镜(AFM)、扫描隧道显微镜(STM)以及开尔文力探针显微镜(KPFM)等)中,探针针尖的状态和种类对于研究材料表面的物理、化学性质有着重要的影响.本论文以Cu(110)-O为例,主要研究利用AFM针尖控制技术对Cu(110)-O的不同相位,表面扫描结果及相位形成原因,Cu,O原子的关系以及针尖与表面原子种类识别的形成原因等.针对探针针尖原子种类以及尖锐程度的不同,证实了O原子针尖以及Cu原子针尖作用下对Cu(110)-O表面的Cu,O原子具有化学识别的功能.同时,研究发现针尖状态对材料表面信息识别具有重要影响,并给出了具体的解释和讨论.本研究对AFM表面原子成像、原子种类化学识别具有重要意义.     

扫描探针显微镜图像处理通用软件包的设计

扫描探针显微镜(SPM)是固体物体表面结构分析的重要手段.采用Visual Basic结合C语言编写动态链接库的方式设计了SPM图像处理的通用软件包.该软件包括SPM图像的显示、漂移校正、畸变校正、剖面线分析、傅里叶变换分析等,有效消除外界环境和仪器自身对SPM图像的干扰,丰富了SPM图的信息,并克服商品化仪器软件通用性差的缺点.     

高频复合超声扫描探针显微镜声学图像融合研究

研究高频复合超声扫描探针显微镜在不同声学频率下所得声学图像的融合.利用高频复合超声扫描探针显微镜检测乳腺癌细胞样品,在3~3 000 kHz的范围内改变声学频率,探究其对乳腺癌细胞声学成像的影响,然后用多尺度变换和稀疏表示相结合的图像融合方法对这些乳腺癌细胞声学振幅像进行融合.结果表明,高频复合超声扫描探针显微镜在不同声学频率下对同一样品得到的声学像存在差异,并且通过图像的融合,可以综合不同声学振幅像的有用信息,从而更有利于人类肉眼的直接观察或者计算机的后续处理.     

扫描探针显微镜漂移的定量测量方法

对扫描探针显微镜(SPM)仪器漂移的定量测量的几种方法进行探讨,提出应用二维零位标记进行漂移测量.分析比较使用普通样品、周期二维光栅、二维零位标记和原子光栅在测定仪器漂移中的优缺点.结果表明:应用二维零位标记的测量技术对探针与样品形貌耦合引起的图像误差不敏感,漂移测量范围不受光栅单元尺寸影响.该方法优于采用普通样品和规则周期的二维光栅样品的方法,而应用原子光栅可以预计达到亚原子量级的超高精度的SPM漂移测量.     

基于针式传感器的多功能扫描探针显微镜

为了克服传统的扫描探针显微镜 (SPM )在应用中的不足 ,采用微石英晶振来取代传统SPM的具有复杂结构的微悬臂和激光位移检测装置 ,使成本极大地下降 .通过对锯齿型光栅试件的检测 ,证明这种检测方法是可行的 .同时在微石英晶振前端安装不同种类的细针 ,可实现STM ,AFM ,MFM与EFM的测量 ,构成一机多能系统     

AFM模式下扫描图像质量的影响因素

介绍了扫描探针显微镜(SPM)的AFM模式的工作原理,观察了聚四氟乙烯胶粒的微观形貌, 并指出影响AFM图像质量的主要因素。     

新型光纤探针的研制与应用

采用熔拉与腐蚀相结合的方法，制作出了能用于近场探测的新型光纤探针。该制作方法不需要复杂的仪器设备，具有费用低廉、重复性好等优点。镀金膜的直锥型光纤探针首次用于扫描隧道显微镜，由于针尖的曲率半径比铂铱针更小，因此可获得更精细的信息，并可提高图像的分辨率。弯曲型光纤探针固定于特别设计的支架后，可作为悬臂探针用于原子力显微镜和近场光学显微镜。最后讨论了针尖的不同形状及不同镀膜对实验结果的影响。     

导电原子力显微镜在介质薄膜电流图像检测中产生的假像

对导电原子力显微镜在介质层电流图像检测中存在的假像进行了研究。发现这种假像归因于导电探针针尖较大的直径,其大小与被检测样品表面的缺陷点、漏洞、沟穴大小相关。研究表明,为提高图像分辨率,避免检测过程中存在的假像,需要使用具有纳米直径针尖的超尖导电探针。     

原子力显微镜针尖与样品间的材料转移

研究氮化硅针尖在十八烷基三甲氧基硅烷 (OTE) /云母表面的修饰过程。使用原子力 /摩擦力显微镜 ,以云母作为参考样品 ,研究了针尖在样品表面的修饰效应和修饰后针尖的清洁过程 ,并考察了湿度和载荷对针尖修饰效应的影响。修饰过程不是一个渐进的过程 ,在最初几次摩擦扫描中修饰较快 ,然后在 10～ 2 0次扫描后达到平衡态。在 OTE/云母表面修饰后的针尖在云母表面的摩擦力信号比修饰前针尖在云母表面的摩擦力信号小 ,并且大部分吸附在针尖表面的 OTE分子在云母表面的前 10次扫描中就被磨掉。相对湿度对针尖的修饰效应影响不大。在研究不同样品的摩擦性能时 ,尽量使用清洁针尖 ,并使用摩擦性能稳定的参考样品 (如云母 )来检测针尖的表面状态     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that