Y~(3+)-La~(3+)共掺对MgAl_2O_4透明玻璃陶瓷结构及光学性能的影响

MgAl_2O_4透明陶瓷具有从紫外到远红外高透过率的优点,可以运用到很多领域,但透明陶瓷的制备温度极高,对设备要求高,工艺可控性差,玻璃陶瓷制备则可以克服这些缺点。采用熔融析晶法制备MgAl_2O_4透明玻璃陶瓷,并在玻璃体系MgO-Al_2O_3-SiO_2(MAS)中掺入Y_2O_3,La_2O_3及两者的混合物,研究了Y_2O_3,La_2O_3和两者的共同掺杂对样品结构、形貌及光学性能的影响。采用XRD,SEM,EDS,红外光谱和固体紫外透过率等检测手段对样品进行了表征。研究结果表明,Y_2O_3可以抑制石英相的生成,La_2O_3有助于晶粒的均化,Y_2O_3掺杂摩尔分数为0.5%时尖晶石的相对质量分数为40. 3%,La_2O_3掺杂摩尔分数为0.2%时尖晶石的相对质量分数为39. 5%,同时掺入摩尔分数0. 5%Y_2O_3和0. 5%La_2O_3时尖晶石的相对质量分数为40.2%,400～2 000 nm波长范围内的紫外透过率大于80%,样品晶粒更均匀。     

钴掺杂对二氧化钛晶粒尺寸及相变的影响

通过溶胶凝胶法制备了纯Ti O_2与不同Co浓度掺杂的Ti O_2纳米粉体,并对样品进行了450、550、650℃保温2 h的热处理.采用X射线衍射仪对制得的纳米粉体进行了晶体结构表征,研究了热处理温度以及Co掺杂浓度对Ti O_2晶粒尺寸以及锐钛矿金红石相变的影响.结果表明:纯Ti O_2与Co-Ti O_2在450℃时为单一的锐钛矿;550℃时,纯Ti O_2有微量金红石生成,Co-Ti O_2仍然全部为锐钛矿;650℃时纯Ti O_2大部分转变为金红石,当Co掺杂量较低时,Co能促进锐钛矿相向金红石相的转变,而当掺杂浓度为8%时,Co抑制锐钛矿相向金红石相的转变;热处理温度升高以及Co掺杂浓度增加有利于Co Ti O_3相的生成,相同温度下,Co掺杂后Ti O_2晶粒尺寸减小.     

Y_2O_3对氧化锆陶瓷组织和性能的影响

研究了氧化钇(Y_2O_3)添加量对氧化锆陶瓷组织和性能的影响,重点探讨了高能球磨工艺和Y_2O_3添加量对氧化锆晶粒度、组织结构和力学性能的影响.结果表明:通过高能球磨可降低ZrO_2,Y_2O_3混合粉末的颗粒度,达到细化氧化锆陶瓷晶粒度的目的,提升氧化锆陶瓷的力学性能;适量加入Y_2O_3,采用常规的烧结工艺可以获得维氏硬度为1 128 kg/mm~2和断裂韧性为10.03 MPa·m~(1/2)的细晶粒3Y-ZrO_2氧化锆陶瓷.     

添加氧化镧WC-11Co-2.1TaC硬质合金的组织及性能

硬质合金的晶粒度和组织均匀性是制约其性能的关键因素。为了细化晶粒,改善组织,提高合金性能,采用粉末碳化、冷压烧结技术,以W、Co、Ta为原料,La_2O_3为添加剂,制备WC-11Co-2.1Ta C硬质合金,研究添加La_2O_3对硬质合金组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:添加0.2%~0.4%La_2O_3可抑制WC-11Co-2.1Ta C硬质合金组织WC晶粒聚集生长,使组织均匀,WC相邻接度减小,WC/Co接触面积增大,提高抗弯强度;当La_2O_3添加量增加到0.6%时,合金组织偏聚,WC晶粒严重聚集生长,WC相邻接度增大,提高了硬质合金抵抗显微金刚石压头的刻入能力,增大了显微硬度。     

第一性晶粒大小与催化活性的关系——最适宜的分散度

为了考察金属分散度对活性的影响,本试验用浸渍法制备了两个系列的催化剂,A系列样品是加入担体表面改性剂La_2O_3使担体表面改性,然后金属镍分散在改性的表面上,增强金属与担体之间的相互作用,提高金属的分散度,当La_2O_3加量不同时,便可制得一系列晶粒度不同的样品;B系列样品是在相同的担体表面上负载不同量的金属镍,制得一系列晶粒度不同的样品。 用x光衍射法测定担体表面上金属镍和NiO的平均晶粒度。样品的活性评价在常压装置上进行,考察甲烷水蒸汽转化制氢的活性。实验证明,金属活性组份在担体表面上的分散度对催化反应的活性有显著的影响,对于本试验采用的Ni/α-Al_2O_3催化剂,CH_4水蒸汽转化制氢反应的活性最高点所对应的最适宜的金属分散度为:NiO和Ni的平均晶粒度约为210A,适宜的NiO和Ni平均晶粒度范围约200～230A。     

稀土掺杂对BSPT压电陶瓷的性能影响

在0.36 BiScO3-0.64 PbTiO_3(BSPT64)系压电陶瓷中,掺入适量稀土元素氧化物(Tm_2O_3、Sm_2O_3),采用固相烧结工艺制备出性能得到改善的高居里温度压电陶瓷.XRD图谱表明少量稀土掺杂不影响材料晶体结构,SEM图样表明稀土掺杂对晶粒尺寸有影响,Tm2O3和Sm2O3可促进晶粒生长,提高材料致密度.适量的稀土氧化物掺杂可调节陶瓷性能,当掺入Sm2O3的质量分数达到0.100%时,材料的相对介电常数εT33/ε0=2 199;当掺入Tm2O3的质量分数达到0.075%时,压电应变常数d33=480 p C/N.     

In_2O_3-10SnO_2陶瓷中In_4Sn_3O_(12)与富Sn析出相特征

以SnO_2质量分数为10%的共沉淀ITO粉为原料,在1 600℃氧气氛下烧结制备ITO陶瓷,采用X线衍射、电子探针、透射电子显微镜、扫描电子显微镜对其物相组成、元素分布和微观结构进行研究。研究结果表明:在In_2O_3:Sn晶粒内析出纳米尺寸的体心立方结构的富Sn相,晶粒边缘内侧出现低Sn浓度的无析出带,其三晶交界处生成In_4Sn_3O_(12)晶粒;In_2O_3:Sn晶内富Sn析出相按照从晶粒中部到晶界边缘尺寸逐渐减小、排布由疏到密的的规律分布;随着保温时间的延长,In_4Sn_3O_(12)晶粒尺寸、In_2O_3:Sn晶内的富Sn析出相尺寸和无析出带宽度增大。     

稀土Sm_2O_3对Mo_2NiB_2基金属陶瓷微观组织和力学性能的影响

以NiB、Mo、Cr、V、Ni等几种粉末为基本原料,并以稀土Sm_2O_3为添加剂,采用真空液相烧结法制备Mo_2NiB_2基金属陶瓷。利用XRD、SEM、EDS、洛氏硬度计和电子万能试验机等研究添加Sm_2O_3对Mo_2NiB_2基金属陶瓷微观组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,添加0.3%~0.9%的Sm_2O_3后,金属陶瓷晶粒明显细化,组织分布更加均匀,材料的硬度和抗弯强度也得到提高。当Sm_2O_3添加量为0.6%时,所得试样的晶粒最为细小,晶粒尺寸大致在0.8~3.0μm,材料的力学性能最佳,其硬度和抗弯强度分别达到HRA88.7和1550 MPa。     

高居里温度Ba_(1-x)Pb_xTiO_3系PTCR陶瓷的研究

利用混合氧化物方法和半导化剂Nb_2O_5含量较高的配方、采用高的烧结温度、短的保温时间、以及快速升温、快速降温的快速烧结技术,能有效地防止铅的挥发及控制晶粒长大,制备出晶粒尺寸为2～5μm、PTCR效应强的Ba_(1-x)Pb_xTiO_3系半导体陶瓷。居里温度T_c=310℃的陶瓷样品,室温电阻率小于10~3Ω·cm,PTCR效应达4·5个数量级。     

高温水热处理后Ni/a-Al_2O_3催化剂的镍分敏度对抗结碳性能的影响

本文研究了烃类蒸汽转化催化剂Ni/α-Al_2O_3 经高温水热处理(987K,H_2O/H_2 为7.5)后,平均镍晶粒度的变化及其对催化剂抗结碳性能的影响规律。实验证明,镍晶粒随水热处理时间的增加先是熔结长大,当水热处理足够长时间后,镍晶粒产生再分散。其积碳速率与镍晶粒大小的变化完全相适应。将La_2O_3 加入催化剂后可以显著提高镍在载体表面上的分散度,从而提高催化剂的抗碳性能。将La_2O_3和BaO同时加入Ni/α-Al_2O_3 催化剂时,在水热处理条件下所产生的 LaAlO_3和尖晶石结构的BaAl_2O_4,能促进金属颗粒在载体表面上的铺展,并阻止晶粒的熔结长大,使镍晶粒的再分散作用更为明显。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the