具有良好可再生性的新型二氧化硅磁性氧化石墨烯纳米复合材料

Graphene oxide (GO) wrapped Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by coating the Fe₃O₄ NPs with a SiO₂ layer, and then modifying by amino groups, which interact with the GO nanosheets to form covalent bonding. The SiO₂ coating layer plays a key role in integrating the magnetic nanoparticles with the GO nanosheets. The effect of the amount of SiO₂ on the morphology, structure, adsorption, and regenerability of the composites was studied in detail. An appropriate SiO₂ layer can effectively induce the GO nanosheets to completely wrap the Fe₃O₄ NPs, forming a core-shell Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO composite where Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ NPs are firmly encapsulated by GO nanosheets. The optimized Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO sample exhibits a high saturated adsorption capacity of 253 mg·g?1 Pb(II) cations from wastewater, and the adsorption process is well fitted by Langmuir adsorption model. Notably, the composite displays excellent regeneration, maintaining a ~90% adsorption capacity for five cycles, while other samples decrease their adsorption capacity rapidly. This work provides a theoretical guidance to improve the regeneration of the GO-based adsorbents.     

微波预处理对复杂铜矿磨矿及浮选动力学的影响

The effect of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ on the reduction roasting and magnetic separation of high-phosphorus iron ore containing phosphorus in the form of Fe₃PO₇ and apatite was investigated. The results revealed that Na₂CO₃ had the most significant effect on iron recovery and dephosphorization, followed by CaCO₃, the effect of CaF₂ was negligible. The mechanisms of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM–EDS). Without additives, Fe₃PO₇ was reduced to elemental phosphorus and formed an iron–phosphorus alloy with metallic iron. The addition of CaCO₃ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to generate an enormous amount of Ca₃(PO₄)₂ and promoted the reduction of iron oxides. However, the growth of iron particles was inhibited. With the addition of Na₂CO₃, the phosphorus in Fe₃PO₇ migrated to nepheline and Na₂CO₃ improved the reduction of iron oxides and growth of iron particles. Therefore, the recovery of iron and the separation of iron and phosphorus were the best. In contrast, CaF₂ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to form fine Ca₃(PO₄)₂ particles scattered around the iron particles, making the separation of iron and phosphorus difficult.     

不同硅饱和系数水榴石的碳酸化分解动力学

Carbonated decomposition of hydrogarnet is one of the vital reactions of the calcification–carbonation method, which is designed to dispose of low-grade bauxite and Bayer red mud and is a novel eco-friendly method. In this study, the effect of the silica saturation coefficient (x) on the carbonation of hydrogarnet was investigated from the kinetic perspective. The results indicated that the carbonation of hydrogarnets with different x values (x = 0.27, 0.36, 0.70, and 0.73) underwent two stages with significantly different rates, and the kinetic mechanisms of the two stages can be described by the kinetic functions R3 and D3. The apparent activation energies at Stages 1 and 2 were 41.96–81.64 and 14.80–34.84 kJ/mol, respectively. Moreover, the corresponding limiting steps of the two stages were interfacial chemical reaction and diffusion.     

一种超重力燃烧合成制备高性能高熵合金的新方法

A new method of high-gravity combustion synthesis (HGCS) followed by post-treatment (PT) is reported for preparing high-performance high-entropy alloys (HEAs), Cr_0.9FeNi_2.5V_0.2Al_0.5 alloy, whereby cheap thermite powder is used as the raw material. In this process, the HEA melt and the ceramic melt are rapidly formed by a strong exothermic combustion synthesis reaction and completely separated under a high-gravity field. Then, the master alloy is obtained after cooling. Subsequently, the master alloy is sequentially subjected to conventional vacuum arc melting (VAM), homogenization treatment, cold rolling, and annealing treatment to realize a tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation of 1250 MPa, 1075 MPa, and 2.9%, respectively. The present method is increasingly attractive due to its low cost of raw materials and the intermediate product obtained without high-temperature heating. Based on the calculation of phase separation kinetics in the high-temperature melt, it is expected that the final alloys with high performance can be prepared directly across master alloys with higher high-gravity coefficients.     

利用皮秒激光烧蚀制备非球形铝纳米颗粒

We report the picosecond laser ablation of aluminum targets immersed in a polar organic liquid (chloroform, CHCl₃) with ~2 ps laser pulses at an input energy of ~350 μJ. The synthesized aluminum nanoparticles exhibited a surface plasmon resonance peak at ~340 nm. Scanning electron microscopy images of Al nanoparticles demonstrated the spherical morphology with an average size of (27 ± 3.6) nm. The formation of smaller spherical Al nanoparticles and the diminished growth could be from the formation of electric double layers on the Al nanoparticles. In addition to spherical aluminum nanoparticles, triangular/pentagonal/hexagonal nanoparticles were also observed in the colloidal solution. Field emission scanning electron microscopy images of ablated Al targets demonstrated laser induced periodic surface structures (LIPSSs), which were the high spatial frequency LIPSSs (HSF-LIPSSs) since their grating period was ~280 nm. Additionally, coarse structures with a period of ~700 nm were observed.     

窄板坯结晶器内连铸工艺参数对钢液流场的影响

Computational simulations and high-temperature measurements of velocities near the surface of a mold were carried out by using the rod deflection method to study the effects of various operating parameters on the flow field in slab continuous casting (CC) molds with narrow widths for the production of automobile exposed panels. Reasonable agreement between the calculated results and measured subsurface velocities of liquid steel was obtained under different operating parameters of the CC process. The simulation results reveal that the flow field in the horizontal plane located 50 mm from the meniscus can be used as the characteristic flow field to optimize the flow field of molten steel in the mold. Increases in casting speed can increase the subsurface velocity of molten steel and shift the position of the vortex core downward in the downward circulation zone. The flow field of liquid steel in a 1040 mm-wide slab CC mold can be improved by an Ar gas flow rate of 7 L·min?1 and casting speed of 1.7 m·min?1. Under the present experimental conditions, the double-roll flow pattern is generally stable at a submerged entry nozzle immersion depth of 170 mm.     

电渣重熔脱硫技术研究进展

Electroslag remelting (ESR) gives a combination of liquid metal refining and solidification structure control. One of the typical aspects of liquid metal refining during ESR for the advanced steel and alloy production is desulfurization. It involves two patterns, i.e., slag–metal reaction and gas–slag reaction (gasifying desulfurization). In this paper, the advances in desulfurization practices of ESR are reviewed. The effects of processing parameters, including the initial sulfur level of consumable electrode, remelting atmosphere, deoxidation schemes of ESR, slag composition, melting rate, and electrical parameters on the desulfurization in ESR are assessed. The interrelation between desulfurization and sulfide inclusion evolution during ESR is discussed, and advancements in the production of sulfur-bearing steel at a high-sulfur level during ESR are described. The remaining challenges for future work are also proposed.     

Mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al2O3?Na2O system during high-temperature sintering

The mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al₂O₃?Na₂O system during the high-temperature sintering process were systematically investigated using DSC?TG, XRD, SEM?EDS, FTIR, and Raman spectra, and the crystal structure of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was also simulated by Material Studio software. The results indicated that the minerals formed during the sintering process included Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀, CaO·Al₂O₃, and 12CaO·7Al₂O₃, and the content of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ could reach 92wt% when sintered at 1200°C for 30 min. The main formation stage of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ occurred at temperatures from 970 to 1100°C, and the content could reach 82wt% when the reaction temperature increased to 1100°C. The crystal system of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was tetragonal, and the cells preferred to grow along crystal planes (110) and (210). The formation of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was an exothermic reaction that followed a secondary reaction model, and its activation energy was 223.97 kJ/mol.     

含细夹层的分矿充填层中流动特性的可视化

Ore particles, especially fine interlayers, commonly segregate in heap stacking, leading to undesirable flow paths and changeable flow velocity fields of packed beds. Computed tomography (CT), COMSOL Multiphysics, and MATLAB were utilized to quantify pore structures and visualize flow behavior inside packed beds with segregated fine interlayers. The formation of fine interlayers was accompanied with the segregation of particles in packed beds. Fine particles reached the upper position of the packed beds during stacking. CT revealed that the average porosity of fine interlayers (24.21%) was significantly lower than that of the heap packed by coarse ores (37.42%), which directly affected the formation of flow paths. Specifically, the potential flow paths in the internal regions of fine interlayers were undeveloped. Fluid flowed and bypassed the fine interlayers and along the sides of the packed beds. Flow velocity also indicated that the flow paths easily gathered in the pore throat where flow velocity (1.8 × 10?5 m/s) suddenly increased. Fluid stagnant regions with a flow velocity lower than 0.2 × 10?5 m/s appeared in flow paths with a large diameter.     

中国秸秆露天焚烧大气污染物排放时空分布

秸秆露天焚烧过程中释放的各种气态污染物和颗粒物,是我国大气污染的重要来源之一。本研究通过问卷调查和模型计算,确定了我国秸秆露天焚烧的活动水平,采用排放因子法建立了我国秸秆露天焚烧一次大气污染物的排放清单,并分析了其时间和空间分布特征。根据问卷调查结果,我国农村平均秸秆露天焚烧比例为18.59%,焚烧量最大的为农业发达的华东和华北地区,高峰在10月前后。2006年,我国生物质露天焚烧主要大气污染物的排放量为PM2.5217万t,BC4.9万t,OC48万t,SO26.0万t,NOx36万t,NMVOC87万t,CO731万t,CO215450万t,CH437.4万t,NH38.4万t。     

正确认识鼠在传播人狂犬病中的流行病学意义

本文在穷尽式检索国内外狂犬病文献的基础上,分析了鼠在传播人狂犬病中的疫源作用,综述了国内外鼠狂犬病测毒研究,介绍了有关国家与世卫组织对鼠传狂犬病的防治建议,探讨了我国应采取的防治意见,调查了国内对鼠传狂犬病的某些夸张宣传及认识偏差,并试图究其根源,加以拨正。     

试论祥子与其生命中女性的隐性关系

《骆驼祥子》中祥子生命中的几位女性的存在可说是祥子作为男性存在的一种命运文化的阐释。他对虎妞身上的母性依恋,是对家的温暖的寻找;对小福子精神理想的依恋,是对理想的追求;对夏太太性欲望的依恋,是沉沦的开始;而妓女白面口袋则是祥子对现实逃避的麻醉剂。从寻找母爱、理想的回归、迷茫的探寻、女性的痕迹四个角度分析了祥子与其生命中女性的隐形关系。     

论外语院校英语专业ESP课程的定位

ESP(专门用途英语)课程对于培养复合型外语人才的重要性已经是毋庸置疑的,但是在实际的外语院校英语专业课程设置中,ESP课程的定位仍有只重形式,不重内容的嫌疑。本文试图通过分析ESP与EGP(通用英语)的区别与联系,以及英语专业ESP与大学英语ESP的区别与联系,找到更明确合理的外语院校英语专业ESP课程的定位,并且探讨目前英语专业ESP课程低效的原因,从而找到相应解决途径。     

人工快渗系统处理生活污水的模拟试验研究

用自制的实验室快速渗滤系统模拟反应器对生活污水进行处理.研究结果表明,实验室模拟快渗系统对COD_(Cr),TN,TP去除效果良好,土的COD_(Cr)最大去除率为93.7%,TN为69.2%, TP为83.4%;沸石的COD_(Cr)最大去除率为86.4%,TN为45.1%,TP为55.3%;陶粒的COD_(Cr)最大去除率为74.4%,TN为37.9%,TP为38.4%.实验结果表明,在仅考虑去除率,不考虑渗滤速度的情况下,较优处理条件为土作为滤料,滤料高度为50cm.     

北京部分屏障实验动物设施环境参数监测结果

本研究以对北京市三所单位10间饲养动物房进行了为期一年的环境参数动态监测为依据,对各SPF级实验动物设施中温度、湿度、压力、气流速度、换气次数、氨浓度以及噪声等各项技术指标进行分析,将各项参数与国家标准(GB14925-2001)进行比较研究。为北京地区实验动物旧设施管理、改建、运行和今后设施内动态监测提供参考性数据,同时为新设施的建立、利用、管理、维护以及对地区实验动物设施管理操作规程的制定提供依据。     

图书馆员继续教育问题研究

馆员继续教育是对图书馆从业人员进行知识更新、拓展和提高的一种再教育。分析了我国图书馆员继续教育的现状,指出了我国图书馆员继续教育工作存在的问题,提出了改善馆员继续教育的策略。     

基于光谱特征的玉米品种高光谱图像识别

为了对玉米种子进行无损识别分类,对玉米种子的高光谱图像的光谱信息进行分析,探索高光谱图像技术在玉米种子识别分类上的可行性。利用波长范围为400～1 000 nm的高光谱图像采集系统采集11类共528粒玉米样本的高光谱图像;在每个玉米样本上提取感兴趣区域并获取此区域的平均光谱信息,对光谱曲线进行分析,去除12个奇异样本;结合偏最小二乘判别分析法对所选玉米种子样本识别分类。实验结果表明,在所选玉米样本的识别中训练集样本的识别精度可以达到99.22%,测试集样本的识别精度也达到了94.66%。研究结果表明,不同种类的玉米种子的光谱信息具有一定的差异性,利用高光谱图像技术提取其光谱信息对玉米种子品种进行无损识别分类是可行的。     

独立亲同调子图

设Ｋ是一个复形，Ｌ是Ｋ的一个子复形．如果所有从Ｌ的同调群到Ｋ的同调群的包含同态ｉ＊：Ｈｑ（Ｌ，Ｊ）→Ｈｑ（Ｋ，Ｊ）（ｑ≥０，Ｊ是整数群）都是同构，则称复形Ｋ同它的子复形Ｌ亲同调．对一个图Ｇ及其去边子图Ｆ，如果Ｆ的独立集复形Ｉ（Ｆ）与Ｇ的独立集复形Ｉ（Ｇ）亲同调，则称图Ｇ与其子图Ｆ独立亲同调．证明了一个非联图简单图Ｇ与其去边子图Ｆ独立亲同调的充分必要条件是Ｈｑ（Ｉ（Ｆ），Ｉ（Ｇ）；Ｊ）＝０（ｑ≥０），还讨论了图Ｇ与其去边主子图独立亲同调的条件．     

论我国刑事发回重审制度之重构

我国刑事发回重审制度存在诸多弊端,其发展前途在于走改革之路。改革的重点包括明确发回重审的适用条件,适当控制发回重审的适用范围,严格限制发回重审的次数,增加发回重审的方式等。