基于动态描述库的汉字字形自动生成技术研究

目前汉字字形的生成仍是手工劳动和人工设计,加上汉字数据量巨大截止到现在没有一种合适的字形自动化生成工具可以使用。针对这一难题提出了一种基于字形描述库的汉字字形自动生成的技术。该技术先将汉字字形与字形描述库映射,以字形描述库为桥梁将汉字字形数据化,然后通过查找字形描述库找到汉字对应的骨架信息,提取笔画骨架。最后通过数据的逆向处理将笔画骨架信息还原为各种汉字字形,形成汉字字形库。     

基于局部信息的手写汉字笔画提取

现有计算机在指导手写汉字练习与测试中，指导依据大都基于全局特征，缺少基于更细粒度特征。提出一种基于局部信息的手写汉字笔画提取方法，为手写汉字评价与指导等任务提供数据支持。首先提取出汉字骨架并对骨架中的毛刺与断裂等问题进行优化；然后使用PBOD算法提取汉字交叉区域后，对交叉区域进行合并删除，消除笔画形变，通过局部信息计算笔画段的组合系数，根据组合系数提取笔画；最后根据获取到的笔画数与算法迭代次数，动态调整组合系数阈值，保证在正确连接笔画段的前提下提取到更可能多的笔画。将该方法在手写汉字数据集上进行实验，其准确率、召回率与F1值分别达到了95.91%、95.71%与95.81%，可用于后续的手写汉字评判与指导等任务。     

基于骨架平滑与均匀膨胀的女书轮廓字形生成方法

针对手写女书字符目前尚未规范化,提取轮廓不平滑的问题,提出了一种笔画粗细均匀的女书轮廓字形生成方法,包括骨架提取、毛刺去除、骨架膨胀和轮廓提取等四个步骤。针对女书字符多呈菱形,弧笔和斜笔居多的特点,提出了一种单像素骨架提取算法;该算法结合八邻域模板邻域像素值分析与索引表遍历查找的思想,获得的骨架可以保持平滑性与骨架整体的单像素性。针对少量骨架结果伴有部分毛刺的情况,采用Rutoviz相交数分析法和Freeman方向链码法,设定不同的长度阈值和级别进行分级处理,有效去除毛刺。然后采用形态学运算对骨架进行均匀膨胀,得到笔画粗细均匀的女书字符,并采用边缘梯度和边缘跟踪的方法提取字符轮廓和生成轮廓字形。实验结果表明,该方法能快速、有效生成笔画粗细均匀、轮廓平滑的女书轮廓字形,对其他手写字符具有一定适用性。     

基于主线段的签名下划线去除与笔画修复方法

手写签名图像中的下划线影响离线签名鉴伪准确率,为实现签名骨架图像中下划线的去除及笔画修复,提出基于主线段的直线段检测(MLSD)和限距修复(RDR)方法。首先将手写签名骨架化,通过Hough变换初步检测出签名骨架中的线段,然后基于主线段的信息从中检测下划线线段并进行像素标记,去除各下划线像素并在其8邻域内找到笔画起点和终点像素,计算各起点和终点像素距离,最终通过阈值判断进行笔画连接修复。实验结果表明,该方法可以有效检测出签名图像中的下划线,并对去除下划线后的笔画进行准确的修复。     

基于笔画平面和模糊隶属度的手写体汉字识别

基于笔画平面抽取和动态网格划分,提出一种笔画平面与模糊隶属度相结合的手写体汉字特征提取方法,该方法克服了汉字特征抽取过程中因笔画粗细不均、笔画长短变形等引起的特征抽取不稳定问题.其基本思想是：用动态网格将汉字图像分别划分为横、竖、撇、捺4个笔画平面,并赋予每个网格中的点模糊隶属度,针对每个网格求加权累积直方图,最终获得汉字特征.基于南京理工大学NUST603HW手写汉字库的实验结果表明,该汉字特征抽取方法是有效的.     

基于特征加权的汉字点笔画生成研究

针对汉字字形设计和开发的困难, 提出基于特征点抽象的汉字字形描述方法和汉字字形生成方法, 研究特征点、特征表达式、特征点的权值和权矢量等在汉字字形生成中的应用技术和方法, 并以点的生成为例, 设计汉字点笔画的生成算法, 并进行验证实验。实验结果证明该算法可靠并实用, 可切实提高汉字字形设计的效率, 为汉字其他笔画的生成提供一种解决方案。     

汉字识别中图特征提取方法

为解决图像像素表示汉字特征方法不能有效表示汉字本质特征、空间复杂度较高的问题,提出了一种汉字图特征提取方法。方法主要包含汉字图像二值化,汉字图像骨架提取,汉字图特征提取3个部分;二值化消除图像中的噪声,提高图特征提取的准确度;骨架提取保留图像中重要的像素点,剔除无关的像素点;图特征提取将汉字关键点与图数据结构结合来表示汉字形状特征。在3 908个常用汉字的5种字体上进行实验。结果表明,该方法能够正确提取笔画复杂汉字的图特征,有效表示汉字本质特征;不同字体汉字图特征相同的汉字数量最高为3 195个,方法表现较稳定;平均每个汉字可以用22.6个图节点、19.1个边表示,相较于用单通道图像表示汉字特征,可大幅降低空间复杂度。     

一种联机手写汉字识别算法的设计与实现

提出了一种统计识别算法与结构算法相结合的联机手写汉字识别算法，模糊采集手写汉字与模板的结构对应关系．应用统计算法进行特征匹配识别，实现了与书写笔划顺序无关的快速、高识别率、手写字形限制小的国标两级汉字识别．     

汉字笔画若干数据的统计方法研究与应用

统计汉字笔画信息的各种数据,这些数据主要包括:每个汉字的平均笔画数及按使用频度加权的平均笔画数、以各种笔画起笔的汉字数目、各种笔画在汉字字库中的出现次数、汉字字库中笔画相同的汉字、能与其他字区分开的汉字前若干笔画数的平均数与加权平均数以及汉字字库中相邻笔画的频度等。统计的数据对于基于笔画的汉字输入法和汉字的联机手写识别等方面具有重要的指导意义,我们根据这些统计资料设计了标准键盘和数字键盘,并在Windows下实现了以上两种笔画输入法。     

基于笔画分析和背景细化的粘连手写汉字切分

离线手写汉字的切分是识别的前提，其中粘连手写汉字的切分最为困难。提出一种基于笔画分析和背景细化的粘连手写汉字的切分新方法。对粘连字符图像作细化处理，检测端点、叉点和角点等特征点，根据特征点提取笔段。按笔段的长度、相互之间的位置关系以及投影信息确定切分点。细化粘连字符的背景图像，从切分点出发在细化的背景中选取分割路径，实现粘连手写汉字的切分。实验表明，本方法对于粘连手写汉字具有令人满意的切分效果。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to