采用视觉显著性和深度卷积网络的鲁棒视觉车辆识别算法

针对传统采用人工特征的机器学习算法难以满足复杂交通场景下鲁棒车辆识别需求的问题,以视觉显著性理论为依据,提出一种利用显著图的车辆候选提取方法.在深度学习的知识框架下,提出了一种采用深度卷积网络(deep convolutional neural networks,DCNN)的鲁棒视觉车辆识别算法.该DCNN分类器采用卷积层和池层构建2组隐层,并直接以灰度图片像素作为输入,经由随机梯度下降算法进行训练,最后以全连接层输出车辆识别判断.选择KITTI标准库作为测试数据库进行了车辆识别试验.结果表明,所提出的车辆识别算法可实现98.13%的检测率和1.77%的误检率,总体性能优于已有算法.     

基于对抗学习的讽刺识别研究

为了避免现有讽刺识别方法的性能会受训练数据缺乏的影响, 在使用有限标注数据训练的注意力卷积神经网络基础上, 提出一种对抗学习框架, 该框架包含两种互补的对抗学习方法。首先, 提出一种基于对抗样本的学习方法, 应用对抗生成的样本参与模型训练, 以期提高分类器的鲁棒性和泛化能力。进而, 研究基于领域迁移的对抗学习方法, 以期利用跨领域讽刺表达数据, 改善模型在目标领域上的识别性能。在3个讽刺数据集上的实验结果表明, 两种对抗学习方法都能提高讽刺识别的性能, 其中基于领域迁移方法的性能提升更显著; 同时结合两种对抗学习方法能够进一步提高讽刺识别性能。     

基于Tri-training直推式支持向量机算法

针对直推式支持向量机错误累积及获取无标记样本空间信息慢的问题,结合Tri-training算法、KKT条件及富信息策略提出一种基于Tri-training的直推式支持向量机算法,用KKT条件选择标注样本,用富信息策略选择加入的分类器,利用多个分类器的投票结果进行标注,提高样本标注的准确度,利用多个分类器进行协同训练提高算法的训练速度.最后实验结果表明,算法能够提高最终分类器的分类精度和算法的训练速度.     

基于人工听觉描述子的零样本音频分类

音频分类使机器具有识别音频样本类别的功能,而与传统音频分类模型不同,零样本学习模型可以识别训练期间未出现的音频类别样本。但是,当前的零样本音频分类方法在做类间信息迁移时大多依靠类别标签文本语义信息的先验知识,而语义的先验知识包含大量与音频非相关的冗余信息,所导致的知识转移性能的局限性大大限制了零样本学习模型识别能力。基于此,文中提出将与音频信息高度相关的人工听觉描述子作为类间迁移信息,同时使用合成分类器,构建了零样本音频分类模型。在ESC-50数据集的实验中,与先前的工作相比较,基于人工听觉描述子的零样本音频分类具有更好的分类性能。     

基于多传感器融合的越野环境路面信息识别

为实现精准的越野环境路面信息识别，文中提出了一种基于多传感器信息融合的路面信息识别方法.首先，针对车辆簧下振动加速度信号设计了特征提取算法，通过双线性池化方法融合加速度特征与图像+深度特征，以实现对越野路面类型的多维度特征融合与识别.然后，为提高越野路面可通行区域检测效果，引入迁移学习方法，将越野场景路面类型识别模型中路面特征提取的共性知识向通行区域分割模型进行迁移.在真实越野环境数据集下对模型进行训练与测试，测试结果表明文中提出的识别方法不仅在越野场景路面类型识别任务上获得了98.65%的平均分类准确率，而且引入先验知识可明显提升通行区域检测效果.     

基于语义模式的半监督中文观点句识别研究

大规模和高质量的标注语料是进行监督算法分类器训练的重要前提,而进行大规模的语料标注是一项费时费力的工作,并且针对特定的领域还需要该领域专家的介入.提出一种基于语义模式的半监督中文观点句识别方法,可以通过小规模语料的训练识别出中文观点句.首先,通过语义模型提取算法从训练集当中识别出观点句语义模型和非观点句语义模型;然后,将两种模型转化为语义特征,并且加入词汇特征和词性特征两方面特征,通过BootStrapping对小规模标注语料进行训练,得到朴素贝叶斯分类器;接着,使用朴素贝叶斯分类器对大规模未标注的语料进行分类,将可信度高的样本加入训练模型迭代进行训练,直到无样本加入;最后经过多轮迭代得到最终的分类器.实验表明,该方法在只具备少量样本的情况下就可达到83.7%的准确性,证明了该方法的有效性.     

基于并行交叉PCANet车辆检测算法

针对传统机器学习车辆检测算法对复杂场景下车辆检测率低的问题,提出了一种并行交叉PCANet车辆检测算法,该算法使用2条PCANet,用实际车辆图像数据集和卷积神经网络提取的车辆轮廓图像数据集训练2个特征提取器,并且将提取的特征进行融合,作为最终的车辆特征,训练SVM分类器.实验结果表明,相比于传统的车辆检测算法,本文提出的检测算法结构简单,学习更充分,识别效率更高,具有较好的分类效果和检测效果.     

基于SBN模型的Internet应用协议识别方法

针对网络流量协议标注比较困难的问题,提出一种基于贝叶斯网络的半监督学习模型,以提高Inter-net协议的识别精度.该模型首先使用少量的标注样本训练贝叶斯网络分类模型,并对未标注样本进行初始分类,然后从未标注样本中挑选分类损失最小的样本加入到训练集中并重复训练分类模型,经过多次循环训练出最终的分类器.该模型可以使用未标注样本和标注样本共同训练分类模型,非常适合于标注比较困难的Internet应用协议的识别.实验结果表明：在标注样本较少的情况下,该模型的识别精度和稳定性均优于朴素贝叶斯模型和贝叶斯网络模型,对于提高Internet协议的识别精度是有效的.     

基于自学习的行人检测方法

离线训练的分类器应用于特定场景时,其检测性能将急剧下降.手工标注虽然可以提高检测性能,但是需要耗费大量的人工成本.为此提出一种基于自学习的行人检测方法,该方法可以改变任意离线训练的分类器用于特定场景的行人检测,并且取得了较好的识别率.首先将训练级联分类器作为离线分类器,并使用任意公开的行人图片训练高斯混合模型(GMM);然后利用离线分类测器对特定场景进行行人检测并获取候选对象的置信分数;再根据置信分数的高低构建正负样本集合并使用高斯混合模型重新标识样本;最后使用SVM分类器在线训练行人分类器,对候选对象进行重新预测.在公开和自制数据集上的实验结果表明,该方法提高了通用行人检测器的准确性,并且明显优于传统方法.     

基于主动学习SVM分类器的视频分类

提出一种基于主动学习SVM分类器的视频分类算法.该算法分为两个步骤:首先分析并提取与视频类型有关的十维底层视觉特征;然后用SVM分类器建立这些底层特征与视频类型之间的联系.在获取SVM分类器所需的训练样本时,采用主动学习的方法选择对SVM分类器最"有用"的样本提供给用户进行标注,用更少的训练样本获得与大量训练样本近似的分类效果,从而减轻用户标注负担.针对多类SVM分类的主动学习问题,提出用后验概率计算分类器对未标注样本的置信度进行样本选择.实验结果表明,主动学习算法与随机采样标注的被动学习算法相比,在相同的训练样本情况下能够获得更高的分类精度;而基于后验概率选择样本的主动学习要略好于传统的基于变型空间(version space)选择样本的主动学习.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that