降雨入渗对含软弱夹层堆积体滑坡的模型试验

为揭示降雨入渗对含软弱夹层堆积体边坡稳定性的影响,通过固定式双渗透降雨物理模拟技术和光纤光栅传感器技术,对4种坡角的软弱夹层顺层堆积体开展了降雨物理模拟试验,测量了降雨过程中滑坡体内关键位置的位移及力学参数变化情况。结果表明,在相同降雨情况下,不同坡度的堆积体斜坡在位移和力学变化上具有相似性,降雨前后坡体的位移、土压力和水压力变化经历上升-下降两个阶段,软弱夹层位移在降雨后仍然保持蠕变;坡角越平缓的坡体后缘位移量大于坡体较陡的斜坡,而坡体前缘则反之;坡角为平缓的坡体后缘先开始形成拉裂缝,变形破坏具有渐进性、推动式的特点;而坡度越陡的坡体前缘率先破坏,变形具有突变性、牵引式特点,为滑坡防治提供了新的试验方法和手段。     

降雨作用下堆积体岸坡变形破坏模式模型试验研究

为了进一步探究降雨作用下堆积体岸坡变形破坏模式,自主设计制作了物理模型试验系统,通过三峡库区某堆积体滑坡现场取样,在测定土样基本物理力学参数后,开展了降雨作用下不同坡角的堆积体岸坡模型试验,主要分析了不同坡角下岸坡模型的变形破坏特征及破坏模式。结果表明：坡度对岸坡变形破坏特征影响显著,坡角较大(60°与50°)时,坡体易出现浅层滑动破坏,坡角较缓(40°)时,容易出现深层滑动,35°及更小坡角时,未出现明显的变形破坏;浅层滑动破坏规模较小,变形自下而上牵引,演化发生所需的时间较短,而深层滑动破坏规模较大,变形自上而下推移,所需时间更长;降雨作用下堆积体岸坡变形破坏可分为软化剥蚀—蠕动变形—明显滑动三个阶段,变形破坏模式表现为雨水入渗→表层饱和→土体软化→饱和区扩大→土体沉降→坡顶裂隙出现→坡脚变形/坡体整体变形→浅层滑面/深层滑面→浅层破坏/深层破坏。     

降雨作用下堆积体岸坡变形破坏模式模型试验

为了进一步探究降雨作用下堆积体岸坡变形破坏模式,自主设计制作了物理模型试验系统,通过三峡库区某堆积体滑坡现场取样,在测定土样基本物理力学参数后,开展了降雨作用下不同坡角的堆积体岸坡模型试验,主要分析了不同坡角下岸坡模型的变形破坏特征及破坏模式。结果表明:坡度对岸坡变形破坏特征影响显著,坡角较大(60°与50°)时,坡体易出现浅层滑动破坏,坡角较缓(40°)时,容易出现深层滑动,坡角35°及更小时,未出现明显的变形破坏;浅层滑动破坏规模较小,变形自下而上牵引,演化发生所需的时间较短,而深层滑动破坏规模较大,变形自上而下推移,所需时间更长;降雨作用下堆积体岸坡变形破坏可分为软化剥蚀-蠕动变形-明显滑动三个阶段,变形破坏模式表现为雨水入渗→表层饱和→土体软化→饱和区扩大→土体沉降→坡顶裂隙出现→坡脚变形/坡体整体变形→浅层滑面/深层滑面→浅层破坏/深层破坏。     

某缓倾角膨胀土滑坡的成因机制及稳定性的分析

以成都凤凰山滑坡为地质原型,通过成因机制及数值模拟分析,再现了一个近水平层状的膨胀土斜坡的变形破坏过程.研究结果表明:膨胀土斜坡的失稳破坏主要受坡体内部发育的裂隙以及降雨入渗的影响,裂隙的发育使降雨入渗向坡体深部发展,并使土体的强度随降雨过程不断降低,而滑坡后缘裂隙的充水对坡体产生了较大的静水压力.在这两种因素的影响下,斜坡发生了类似于平推式滑坡的失稳破坏.     

降雨作用下的土质边坡变形破坏颗粒流仿真模拟

为研究持续降雨作用下土质边坡的变形破坏模式及机理,以四川省古蔺县竹林沟滑坡为例,结合离散元PFC~(2D)虚拟双轴压缩试验对坡体微观力学参数进行标定,随后建立1∶1数值计算模型进行稳定性计算,并记录坡体运动过程中应力及位移变化的情况。研究结果表明:该滑坡在持续降雨作用下至坡内土体饱和的过程中,坡脚应力不断积累,导致坡脚发生破坏,之后向上逐级牵引,致使坡前基岩较陡区域土体优先发生滑动。中-后缘土体因前部失稳产生临空条件,随即出现二级滑动,整体表现为典型的蠕滑-拉裂破坏模式。坡体前缘破坏后应力得到部分释放,但位移不断增长;坡内应力和位移整体上从前缘到后缘均呈递减趋势。应用颗粒流PFC~(2D)以竹林沟滑坡为例对土质滑坡在持续降雨作用下的变形发展过程进行模拟研究,揭示了滑坡的发展及破坏模式,为该类滑坡的防治提供参考。     

基于大型物理模型试验的强降雨诱发全风化花岗岩滑坡失稳分析

随着极端天气的增多,极端强降雨诱发滑坡对人民生命财产安全造成重大威胁。以典型强烈风化花岗岩地区青岛崂山的7.23返岭前滑坡为实例,基于相似准则,采用大型滑坡模型试验箱,开展了3组不同极端降雨条件下的室内模型试验,分析了不同降雨强度条件下边坡对降雨入渗的响应规律、边坡变形过程与破坏模式,总结了强烈风化地区极端降雨诱发花岗岩类滑坡的诱发机理与降雨成灾过程。结果表明：(1)降雨诱发全风化花岗岩滑坡经历了浸润侵蚀、表层变形、破坏加深和整体失稳4个阶段,坡体呈现“片状溜滑”特征;(2)降雨强度越大,降雨入渗速率越高,土压力、孔隙水压力和含水率变化越快,滞后效应越弱;(3)坡体变形破坏与降雨入渗具有一定的空间分布规律,研究成果可为强烈风化花岗岩地区的滑坡预警与治理提供参考。     

大型堆积体滑坡持续降雨条件下破坏机制研究

堆积体滑坡是一种典型的、多发的滑坡类型,大多数土质滑坡均属此类,其中80%以上的土质滑坡都是由持续性降雨或者暴雨引发。介于上述原因,采用Geo-studio软件中的SEEP/W模块和SIGMA/W模块,以贵州省沿河县院子岩滑坡为例,对持续降雨条件下,滑坡体内二维渗流场及应力场进行数值模拟耦合分析,分析在持续降雨条件下大型堆积体滑坡变形破坏机制。模拟结果显示,持续降雨条件下雨水渗入滑坡中后沿岩土接触面流动,对滑带土进行浸润、软化、冲刷;滑坡体内的孔隙水压力以及动水压力不断增大,在坡脚处有效应力减小,在此过程中坡体应力不断调整,局部出现应力集中和位移增大,进而造成坡体失稳破坏。     

降雨条件下花岗岩残积土边坡失稳模式及预警阈值现场试验

降雨是诱发边坡失稳的主要因素,为探明不同降雨强度条件下花岗岩残积土边坡的失稳模式,通过75mm/h、125mm/h、150mm/h、175mm/h等4组不同降雨强度下边坡失稳现场试验,基于工程边坡原位监测试验采集的含水率-时间与位移-时间曲线研究了花岗岩残积土边坡渐进失稳破坏特征,并提出了降雨条件边坡失稳的持续时间与降雨量阈值。研究表明:降雨条件下花岗岩残积土边坡为渐进失效破坏,根据降雨强度斜坡失稳破坏可分为“浅层局部滑动”、“浅层整体滑动与崩塌”、“深层局部滑动”、“深层整体滑动”等四种模式,斜坡发生变形失稳的区域主要位于坡脚位置,坡中次之,坡顶最小。边坡深层滑动从显著变形到失稳破坏历时18~20min,而浅层滑动持续时间为25min~135min。土壤界限含水率可特征边坡失稳破坏过程,当斜坡土壤含水率上为42～45%时,斜坡开始出现开裂、蠕动变形等失稳征兆;当土壤含水率上升到47～50%时,坡面土体开始崩解并迅速发生滑坡、崩塌。     

尖山营古滑坡复活变形特征及成因分析

为了分析浅埋煤层采动对古滑坡复活的影响,通过调查地表变形迹象,对实时监测数据分析,以及采用数值模拟的方法研究了古滑坡复活变形特征及复活成因.结果表明:古滑坡在煤层开采后,坡体前缘发生局部溜滑,后缘形成了拉张裂缝,且在侧翼形成剪切裂缝,但目前尚未形成贯通的滑带;古滑坡变形阶段分为初始变形阶段—加速变形阶段—减速变形阶段,目前坡体处于减速变形阶段;古滑坡坡体整体在采空区影响范围内,采空区的顶板塌陷和变形使得坡体前缘受到较大的水平推力并产生水平位移,极大降低了古滑坡坡体的稳定性.可见,尖山营古滑坡目前处于减速蠕变阶段,破坏范围较小;古滑坡复活主要受到地形地貌、地层岩性、降雨、煤层开采共同作用影响,但煤层开采是促进古滑坡复活的主控因素.     

三峡库区兰陵溪滑坡形成机理及稳定分析

兰陵溪锚地是三峡坝上供载运易燃易爆危险货物船舶停泊的锚地之一,地处兰陵溪滑坡影响范围内,为评估滑坡对锚地的安全风险,对其进行致灾机理研究十分必要.本文利用滑坡变形监测数据、降雨量及库水位变化数据,运用Geo-Studio软件及MatDEM离散元软件,模拟分析了降雨及库水位下降不同工况对滑坡的影响,探讨了滑坡致灾机理及其稳定性.结果表明：该滑坡的破坏始发于坡脚,属于推移式滑坡,但随坡脚进一步破坏,带动滑坡坡体中、上部位产生变形,逐渐向牵引式滑坡转变.在不同降雨工况下,滑坡后缘都是受影响较大区域;而坡脚的变形破坏主要由库水位下降引起;中后段错动形成的多级平台及后缘张拉裂缝则与降雨和库水位密切相关.研究结论可为该滑坡的预报、预测提供参考,具有实际工程意义.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that