共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 46 毫秒
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Nollaig M. Bourke Silvia Napoletano Ciaran Bannan Suaad Ahmed Colm Bergin Áine McKnight Nigel J. Stevenson 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》2018,75(5):775-783
Viral infections, including HIV, trigger the production of type I interferons (IFNs), which in turn, activate a signalling cascade that ultimately culminates with the expression of anti-viral proteins. Mounting evidence suggests that type I IFNs, in particular IFN-α, play a pivotal role in limiting acute HIV infection. Highly active anti-retroviral treatment reduces viral load and increases life expectancy in HIV positive patients; however, it fails to fully eliminate latent HIV reservoirs. To revisit HIV as a curable disease, this article reviews a body of literature that highlights type I IFNs as mediators in the control of HIV infection, with particular focus on the anti-HIV restriction factors induced and/or activated by IFN-α. In addition, we discuss the relevance of type I IFN treatment in the context of HIV latency reversal, novel therapeutic intervention strategies and the potential for full HIV clearance. 相似文献
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The suppressors of cytokine signalling (SOCS) 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
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Signalling in viral entry 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
Greber UF 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》2002,59(4):608-626
Viral infections are serious battles between pathogens and hosts. They can result in cell death, elimination of the virus
or latent infection keeping both cells and pathogens alive. The outcome of an infection is often determined by cell signalling.
Viruses deliver genomes and proteins with signalling potential into target cells and thereby alter the metabolism of the host.
Virus interactions with cell surface receptors can elicit two types of signals, conformational changes of viral particles,
and intracellular signals triggering specific cellular reactions. Responses by cells include stimulation of innate and adaptive
immunity, growth, proliferation, survival and apoptosis. In addition, virus-activated cell signalling boosts viral entry and
gene delivery, as recently shown for adenoviruses and adeno-associated viruses. This review illustrates that multiple activation
of host cells during viral entry profoundly impacts the elaborate relationship between hosts and viral pathogens.
Received 13 September 2001; received after revision 23 October 2001; accepted 16 November 2001 相似文献
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The epo genes of many teleosts, including zebrafish, have been cloned following the first identification of nonmammalian EPO
from fugu in 2004. The zebrafish (Danio rerio) animal model is well suited for both developmental and genetic analyses for
studying vertebrate erythropoiesis. The purpose of this review is to provide an update of recent progress in research on teleost
EPO with a focus on its structure, expression and secretion. The EPO receptor and the downstream JAK/STAT signaling pathway
are also discussed.
Received 29 April 2008; received after revision 23 June 2008; accepted 25 June 2008 相似文献
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JAKs and STATs in invertebrate model organisms 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
C. R. Dearolf 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》1999,55(12):1578-1584
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Negative regulators of cytokine signal transduction 总被引:20,自引:0,他引:20
D. J. Hilton 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》1999,55(12):1568-1577
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Robert W. Buckheit III Maria Salgado Karen O. Martins Joel N. Blankson 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》2013,70(6):1009-1019
The mechanisms by which a small percentage of HIV-1 infected individuals known as elite suppressors or controllers are able to control viral replication are not fully understood. Early cases of viremic control were attributed to infection with defective virus, but subsequent work has demonstrated that infection with a defective virus is not the exclusive cause of control. Replication-competent virus has been isolated from patients who control viral replication, and studies have demonstrated that evolution occurs in plasma virus but not in virus isolates from the latent reservoir. Additionally, transmission pair studies have demonstrated that patients infected with similar viruses can have dramatically different outcomes of infection. An increased understanding of the viral factors associated with control is important to understand the interplay between viral replication and host control, and has implications for the design of an effective therapeutic vaccine that can lead to a functional cure of HIV-1 infection. 相似文献
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Agnieszka Siejka Andrew V. Schally Nektarios Barabutis 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》2010,67(6):959-964
Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) can act as a potent growth factor in various cancers. The mitogenic activity of this
neuropeptide is exerted through binding to the pituitary type receptors (GHRH-R) or their splice variants (SV). In the present
work, we studied whether this hormone can activate the JAK2/STAT3 pathway which plays a crucial role in cancer cell proliferation
and is also linked to carcinogenesis. We transfected HeLa human cervical cancer cells, which are not sensitive to GHRH analogs
with the pGHRH-R. Transfected cells responded to the GHRH or its antagonist with an increase or a decrease in proliferation,
respectively. These results were confirmed by the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen. We then showed that these
effects are linked to the activation of the JAK2/STAT3 pathway. Our work demonstrates the activation of JAK/STAT3 pathway
by GHRH and sheds further light to the mechanisms of the antitumorogenic action of GHRH antagonists. 相似文献
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Assel Mussabekova Laurent Daeffler Jean-Luc Imler 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》2017,74(11):2039-2054
The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster has been a valuable model to investigate the genetic mechanisms of innate immunity. Initially focused on the resistance to bacteria and fungi, these studies have been extended to include antiviral immunity over the last decade. Like all living organisms, insects are continually exposed to viruses and have developed efficient defense mechanisms. We review here our current understanding on antiviral host defense in fruit flies. A major antiviral defense in Drosophila is RNA interference, in particular the small interfering (si) RNA pathway. In addition, complex inducible responses and restriction factors contribute to the control of infections. Some of the genes involved in these pathways have been conserved through evolution, highlighting loci that may account for susceptibility to viral infections in humans. Other genes are not conserved and represent species-specific innovations. 相似文献
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Makeda Robinson Stanford Schor Rina Barouch-Bentov Shirit Einav 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》2018,75(20):3693-3714
Viruses are obligate intracellular pathogens that are dependent on cellular machineries for their replication. Recent technological breakthroughs have facilitated reliable identification of host factors required for viral infections and better characterization of the virus–host interplay. While these studies have revealed cellular machineries that are uniquely required by individual viruses, accumulating data also indicate the presence of broadly required mechanisms. Among these overlapping cellular functions are components of intracellular membrane trafficking pathways. Here, we review recent discoveries focused on how viruses exploit intracellular membrane trafficking pathways to promote various stages of their life cycle, with an emphasis on cellular factors that are usurped by a broad range of viruses. We describe broadly required components of the endocytic and secretory pathways, the Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport pathway, and the autophagy pathway. Identification of such overlapping host functions offers new opportunities to develop broad-spectrum host-targeted antiviral strategies. 相似文献
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L Stanislawski B Teutsch G F Rabotti 《Comptes rendus des séances de l'Académie des sciences. Série D, Sciences naturelles》1977,285(16):1569-1572
The genetic cellular susceptibility to avian sarcoma viruses (RSV) of subgroups A, B, C and E has been determined in one week old Chicks. Fibroblasts from pin feathers were grown in vitro and tested by focus formation after infection. This technique will allow, for the first time, the study of the influence of the host phenotypes (susceptibility or resistance to the different subgroups of RSV) upon the immune response to a given virus. 相似文献
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Ophélie Cosnefroy Anaïs Jaspart Christina Calmels Vincent Parissi Hervé Fleury Michel Ventura Sandrine Reigadas Marie-Line Andréola 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》2013,70(13):2411-2421
Higher eukaryotic organisms have a variety of specific and nonspecific defense mechanisms against viral invaders. In animal cells, viral replication may be limited through the decrease in translation. Some viruses, however, have evolved mechanisms that counteract the response of the host. We report that infection by HIV-1 triggers acute decrease in translation. The human protein kinase GCN2 (eIF2AK4) is activated by phosphorylation upon HIV-1 infection in the hours following infection. Thus, infection by HIV-1 constitutes a stress that leads to the activation of GCN2 with a resulting decrease in protein synthesis. We have shown that GCN2 interacts with HIV-1 integrase (IN). Transfection of IN in amino acid-starved cells, where GCN2 is activated, increases the protein synthesis level. These results point to an as yet unknown role of GCN2 as an early mediator in the cellular response to HIV-1 infection, and suggest that the virus is able to overcome the involvement of GCN2 in the cellular response by eliciting methods to maintain protein synthesis. 相似文献
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Individuals infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) have two possible outcomes of infection, clearance or persistent infection,
determined by a complex set of virus-host interactions. The focus of this review is the host mechanisms that facilitate clearance.
Strong evidence points to characteristics of the cellular immune response as the key determinants of outcome, with evidence
for the coordinated effects of the timing, magnitude, and breadth, as well as the intra-hepatic localisation of CD4+ and CD8+
T cell responses being critical. The recent discovery of viral evasion strategies targeting innate immunity suggests that
interferon-stimulated gene products are also important. A growing body of evidence has implicated polymorphisms in both innate
and adaptive immune response genes as determinants of viral clearance in individuals with acute HCV.
Received 16 May 2008; received after revision 07 September 2008; accepted 30 September 2008 相似文献
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A. L.-F. Mui 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》1999,55(12):1547-1558