魔芋葡甘聚糖辛酸酯的制备及其吸水性能研究

用魔芋葡甘聚糖(KGM)和吡啶作为催化剂,制备了KGM辛酸酯,并讨论了产物的力学性能、粘度及吸水性.考察了制备条件对产物取代度的影响.结果表明,当反应温度75℃、反应时间6h、吡啶与KGM的用量比为6∶1(mL/g)、辛酰氯与KGM用量比为10∶1(mL/g)时产物的取代度(DS)最大,此时DS为1.5.改性后KGM的吸水性与原KGM相比有所下降.     

魔芋葡甘聚糖的改性与应用研究进展

文章综述了魔芋葡甘聚糖的基本结构、性质和国内外改性和应用魔芋葡甘聚糖的概况及新进展,对魔芋葡甘聚糖及其衍生物在生物医用材料方面的应用作为重点探讨.     

魔芋葡甘聚糖磷酸盐酯化反应的研究（Ⅱ）

研究了魔芋葡甘聚（ＫＧ）与三聚磷钠，磷酸二氢钠和磷酸氢二钠分别在干法生固液悬浮法条件下的醌化反应，对醒化反应温度，时间，ｐＨ和磷酸盐用量，以及环境的温度和ｐＨ等对酯化产物（ＫＧＭＰ）水溶胶粘度的影响进行考察，用红外光谱，Ｘ射线衍射和扫描电镜分析了ＫＧＭＰＲ的结构，阐明了其结构和功能间的关系。     

TNC和BRC对魔芋葡甘聚糖湿法改性的研究

本文叙述了ＴＮＣ和ＢＲＣ试剂对魔芋葡甘聚糖进行湿法改性的反应条件试验，结果表明，最适宜条件为：在１００ｍｌ水中，ＴＮＣ：魔芋精粉（ｗ／ｗ）＝０．２０：１．５０，ｐＨ为８，室温反应，ＴＮＣ和ＢＲＣ之间不具有相关性；经ＴＮＣ改性的魔芋葡甘聚糖不但粘度比未改性的有所提高，而且成膜性、稳定性也都有明显改善，且有一定的抑菌效果，可做保鲜剂。     

可食性魔芋葡甘聚糖涂膜对草莓的保鲜研究

本文以草莓为试材,采用以鹿芋葡甘聚糖为主剂的涂膜保鲜剂进行涂膜保鲜试验,结果表明:以KGM浓度为5.0g/L,补强剂明胶为1.0g/L.增塑剂甘油为1.0mL/L,乳化荆蔗糖脂肪酸酯为1.5g/L,大蒜提取液为1.OmL/L制成的涂膜剂,草莓的货架寿命延长到了6～8d,并保持草莓原有风味.     

魔芋葡甘聚糖阻溶剂的设计和筛选

为了设计并筛选出防止魔芋葡甘聚糖溶胀粘连的阻溶剂,对７种魔芋葡甘聚糖阻溶剂配方进行比较。结果表明２．５％的胡砂Ｎａ２Ｂ４Ｏ７作阻溶剂能有效地防止魔芋菊甘糖的溶胀粘连。经脱硼,硼元素残留量达到食品卫生标准。     

原位合成纳米羟基磷灰石/葡甘聚糖复合材料流变特性研究

采用原位合成法制备HA/KGM溶胶,应用单因素实验方法研究KGM质量分数、温度、pH值对复合溶胶黏度的影响.结果表明,HA/KGM溶胶黏度随KGM质量分数、pH值增加而递增,随温度上升而下降,但过高质量分数和pH值时溶胶转变成凝胶,黏度急剧下降.较高pH值和较高的质量分数不利于形成均匀的HA/KGM复合溶胶.此结果可为HA/KGM复合材料进一步研究提供参考.     

魔芋葡甘低聚糖醛酸丙酯硫酸酯钠盐生物活性研究

为了研究低聚KGM醛酸丙酯硫酸酯钠盐的抗凝和抗栓作用,应用玻片法研究了对小鼠凝血时间的影响;应用大鼠体外颈动脉－颈静脉血流动旁路法形成血小板血栓模型研究了其对血栓形成的影响;并进行了对兔凝血活酶时间（PT）和纤维白原（Fg）的影响的研究。结果表明剂量在0.9-3.6g/kg时,能明显延长小鼠的纤维蛋朱含量效果显著,其LD50为8.8lg/kg。说明该物质具有明显的高凝血和抗血栓作用,毒性极微,是一种有前途的防治心血管疾病的新型低分子类肝素物质。     

Characterization and property of palmitoylated konjac glucomannan

Various degrees of paimitoylated konjac glucomannan (PKGM) are prepared by heterogeneous method. Differential thermal analysis (DTA) thermographs show PKGM having certain degree of substitution (DS) gave a new crystalline peak at higher temperature. And PKGM having higher DS only shows the new crystalline state. Furthermore, the effect of the DS of PKGM on its emulsifying ability has been investigated in the water in oil (w/o) and oil in water (o/w) systems. It is demonstrated that it is a kind of good w/o emulsifier with the DS ranged between 1.00 and 1.70; Whereas for DS<0.50, It is a kind of good o/w emulsifier and an interesting phenomenon appears in o/w system. And the half-time of emulsion turbidity is more than 1.5 h with PKGM having 2.72 of DS used as the emulsifier. Tian Bingshou: born in 1938, Associate professor     

Gelation and swelling behavior of oxidized konjac glucomannan/chitosan hydrogel

The gelating and swelling mechanisms of the hydrogel formed from oxidized konjac glucomannan (OKGM) and chitosan (CS) were studied by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrometry. FT-IR spectra illustrate that the interaction of polysaccharides forms the hydrogen bonds and interchain salt bonds and the dissocation of which dominates the swelling behavior in buffer solutions of different pH. The concentration of salt ion has effect on swelling behavior through the difference of salt ion concentration between in solution and in network of hydrogel, which causes penetrating pressure. Moreover, the Swelling degree and hydrogel strength could be modulated by varying conditions. It is indicated that the hydrogel has pH-sensitive and salt ion sensitive properties. The prepared optimum condition selected by varying conditions is thatr=0.2;t=30 min;T _p=343 K andI=1.6. Foundation item: Supported by the National Science Foundation of China (29574173) Biography: He Dong-bao (1945-), male, Professor, research direction: modifying and gelating of natural polysaccharides.     

Preparation of konjac glucomannan and acrylamide grafted konjac glucomannan

Konjac glucomannan (KGM) with good water solubility was extracted and purified by a cheap and simple method including fat-extraction, protein-extraction, decolouring, centrifuge, precipitate and other procession from tubers of amorphophallus riveiri. Acrylamide grafted konjac glucomannan (AKGM) was prepared in the presence of Ce(IV) serving as initiator in order to elucidate its molecular weight. Results from the measurements of capillary viscosity by figuring out the specific viscosity and applying to Mark-Howink equation showed that the viscosity-average molecular weight of acrylamide grafted konjac glucomannan was about 9.58×10⁵. Biography: XIAO Chao-bo(1946-), male, Associate professor.     

Preparation and characterization of chitosan/carboxymethylated konjac glucomannan blend films

In order to improve the mechanical and water swelling properties of the chitosan (CS) film, a series of transparent films were prepared by blending 2% (weight) chitosan acetic acid solution with 1.5% (weight) carboxymethylated konjac glucomannan (CMKGM) aqueous solution according to predetermined ratio and drying at 30°C. The morphological structure, miscibility, thermal stability, mechanical properies, and swelling capacity of the blend films were studied by infrared (IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential thermal analysis (DTA), scanning electron micrograph (SEM), and measurements of the mechanical properties and swelling properties. The results demonstrated that there was strong interaction and good miscibility between CS and CMKGM resulted from intermolecular hydrogen bonding and electrostatic force. The mechanical properties in dry state and wet state, thermostability, and water swelling properties of the blend films were obviously improved. The best values of the tensile strength in the dry and wet state achieved 89 MPa and 49 MPa, respectively, when the CMKGM content was 30% (weight). The CS/ CMKGM blend films provided promising biomedical applications. Foundation item: Supported by the National Science Foundation of China (No.29977014). Biography: Zheng hua (1965-), male, Associate professor, research direction: renewable resource chemistry.     

脱乙酰基魔芋葡甘聚糖-壳聚糖共混膜制备工艺条件研究

以魔芋精粉、壳聚糖为主要原料,利用其混合溶胶在适当条件下的成膜特性制备可食性包装膜.通过单因素试验和正交试验,探讨了魔芋精粉(主成分为脱乙酰基魔芋葡甘聚糖)和壳聚糖的浓度及二者的配比、补强剂的添加量、增塑剂的添加量等因素对膜制备及膜性能的影响.结果表明,膜制备的最佳工艺条件为:魔芋精粉和壳聚糖浓度为2%,二者的配比为3∶7(体积比),补强剂6%,增塑剂6%,60℃下干燥成膜.在最佳工艺条件下制备的可食性包装膜其断裂强力可达585cN,伸长率达7.8%.     

KGM-AM-（DMAEA-EB）三元接枝共聚物的性能研究

以魔芋粉、丙烯酰胺和季铵盐等为原料,经接枝共聚合成了魔芋粉一丙烯酰胺一季铵盐类树脂。讨论了引发剂、丙烯酰胺、魔芋粉等的用量,反应时间和温度等因素对树脂溶胀性能的影响。结果表明反应温度为55-65℃,反应时间为4h,反应单体质量比为1：1,引发剂用量为0.5％（占单体总质量）,单体与KGM质量比为4：1下制得树脂的溶胀度可达到最大值149.85g／g。     

不同引发体系对魔芋粉与丙烯酸接枝共聚反应的影响研究

研究以硝酸铈铵、过硫酸钾、过硫酸钾-亚硫酸氢钠为引发剂的魔芋粉与丙烯酸接枝共聚体系.对引发剂浓度、反应温度、单体浓度、单体中和度、反应时间等反应条件进行了考察,并比较了以硝酸铈铵、过硫酸钾、过硫酸钾-亚硫酸氢钠为不同引发体系的魔芋粉与丙烯酸接枝共聚反应,实验表明以过硫酸钾-亚硫酸氢钠为引发剂的引发效果最佳.     

魔芋胶对高脂小鼠血脂和抗氧化能力的影响

为研究魔芋胶对高脂小鼠血脂和抗氧化能力的影响,建立了高脂小鼠模型.设正常对照组、模型对照组及魔芋胶低、中、高剂量组.正常对照组常规饲养,模型对照组生理盐水0.5 mL/d灌胃,魔芋胶各剂量组分别以0.25,0.50和0.75 g.kg-1.d-1魔芋胶灌胃,连续30 d后,尾部取血,测定血清中总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)和低密度脂蛋白(LDL)的含量;将小鼠处死,取心、肝、脑等组织,测定超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性,以及丙二醛(MDA)含量.正常对照组小鼠饮食饮水量显著高于其他组(P<0.01);魔芋胶中剂量组小鼠血清中TC含量低于模型对照组(P<0.05),正常对照组小鼠血清中LDL含量显著低于其他各组(P<0.01);与模型对照组相比,魔芋胶中剂量组小鼠肝脏中SOD活性及低、高剂量组小鼠脑中CAT活性显著升高(P<0.05),魔芋胶低、中剂量组小鼠脑中MDA含量显著低于模型对照组(P<0.05).说明魔芋胶对高脂小鼠具有降血脂和增强抗氧化能力的作用.     

羧甲基葡甘聚糖铁凝胶球对磷的吸附性能

用Fe3+交联羧甲基葡甘聚糖制得了一种新型吸附材料,研究了羧甲基葡甘聚糖铁凝胶球对磷酸根的吸附性能.分别考察了吸附时间、羧甲基葡甘聚糖浓度、FeCl3浓度、pH值、温度和磷酸根浓度对吸附的影响,同时用红外光谱初步表征了羧甲基葡甘聚糖铁凝胶球-磷酸根复合物的结构.结果表明:293K时,羧甲基葡甘聚糖铁凝胶球对磷酸根的吸附反应在12h时达平衡,当羧甲基葡甘聚糖浓度为2.0%,Fe3+质量分数为2.0%,磷浓度为100mg/L时,吸附量为23.26mg/g,吸附率达93%.     

高取代度(0.7)阳离子淀粉干法制备研究

在碱催化剂BZ-1存在下，以N-（2,3-环氧丙基）三甲基氯化铵（GTA）为阳离子化试验，干法制备了高取代度季铵型阳离子淀粉，考察了BZ-1，水质量分数、反应温度和反应时间对取代度和反应效率的影响。当淀粉用量为5.5g。GTA用量为4.5g时，最佳反应条件为BZ-1 0.8g，反应温度60℃，反应时间4h，反应体系水质量分数21.0%，此时取代度可达0.74，反应效率为74%。