溴离子在铂电极上的电化学反应

用电位扫描和环盘电极等方法研究酸性介质中溴离子在铂电极上的多步氧化反应行为，证实在１．１Ｖ电位处发生的反应是：Ｂｒ－－ｅＢｒａｄ，（１）Ｂｒａｄ＋ＢｒａｄＢｒ２（ａｑ）．（２）在电位１．５Ｖ处发生的反应是：Ｂｒ２（ａｑ）Ｂｒａｄ＋Ｂｒａｄ，（２′）Ｂｒａｄ＋Ｈ２Ｏ－ｅ＝ＨＯＢｒ＋Ｈ＋．（３）其中反应（１）具有典型的可逆性．实验测得Ｂｒ－离子的扩散系数为１．８×１０－５ｃｍ２·ｓ－１，反应（１）的标准速率常数为２．０×１０－３ｃｍ·ｓ－１．     

自硫化反应动力学的研究

以氯丁橡胶（ＣＲ）和羧基丁腈橡胶（ＸＮＢＲ）共混物为例，考察了硫化温度、时间对自硫化共混物凝胶含量（Ｇｃ）的影响．自硫化反应在很短时间内（１８５°Ｃ×５ｍｉｎ或１６０°Ｃ×１０ｍｉｎ）就达到很高的Ｇｃ．提出用Ｇｃ－ｔ曲线确定自硫化的正硫化时间；用橡胶体积分数（φｒ）表征自硫化橡胶交联密度，自硫化反应发生在两种橡胶的官能团之间，反应符合二级反应动力学．利用两个反应温度下的反应速率ｋ计算出自硫化反应的活化能Ｅａ．采用Ｅａ计算出不同温度下的ｋ值，可以预测出不同温度和时间的φｒ值．实验表明，φｒ的预测值和实验值较符合．     

甲醇介质中二(N,N─二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸)烷基黄原酸合钴(Ⅲ)与哌啶反应动力学和机理

本文用分光光度法研究了二（Ｎ，Ｎ－二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸）烷基黄原酸合钴（Ⅲ），Ｃ０（Ｓ＿２ＣＮＥｔ＿２）＿２（Ｓ＿２ＣＯＲ）（Ｒ＝Ｅ＿ｔ，ｎ－Ｐ＿ｒ）与哌啶在甲醇介质中的反应动力学。发现该反应对络合物为一级，对哌啶为正分数级。提出了先快速加成平衡，随后慢速杂化轨道转化质子转移和ＲＯＨ离去的反应机理，据此求出了２５－３５℃速控步骤的速率常数及２５℃的活化参数。反应速率常数顺序为Ｅｔ＞ｎ－Ｐ＿ｒ。并且较圆满地解释了所有实验事实。     

五水羟基合铬(Ⅲ)配合物与氨基乙酸取代反应的动力学

应用分光光度法研究了五水羟基合铬（Ⅲ）配合物与氨基乙酸取代反应的动力学，在氨基乙酸大大过量的条件下，该反应对［Ｃｒ（Ｈ２Ｏ）５ＯＨ］２＋＿为假一级反应。探讨了反应物浓度、溶液酸度、氨基乙酸浓度、离子强度及反应温度对反应速率的影响，计算了反应的活化参数，提出了反应可能的机理，表明反应通过了一个缔合交换（Ｉａ）的机理．     

Fe（Ⅱ）对Cr（Ⅳ）─I~－体系诱导反应机理的研究

本文考查了下Ｆｅ（Ⅲ）－Ｉ－、Ｃｒ（Ⅳ）－Ｉ－及Ｃｒ（Ⅳ）－Ｉ－Ｆｅ（Ⅱ）体系的反应曲线，证明由于Ｆｅ（Ⅱ）的引入，体系产生Ｃｒ（Ｖ）中间体并快速氧化Ｉ－；通过实验确定Ｃｒ（Ⅳ）－Ｉ－－Ｆｅ（Ⅱ）体系的化学计量关系，导出了诱导反应的机理及速率方程，并通过反应曲线的研究进一步证实了反应机理。     

微量钒的停流流动注射—动力学光度法测定

依据Ｖ（Ⅳ）－Ｃｒ（Ⅵ）反应对Ｃｒ（Ⅵ）－Ｉ＾－氧化还原反应的诱导，以Ｉ＾－３淀粉络合物为指示建立了一种测定微量钒的停流－诱导动力学光度法。     

氩气在直流PCVD镀硬膜中的作用

探讨了在直流ＰＣＶＤ镀膜过程中反应气体中的惰性气体Ａｒ对膜的影响。实验发现，反应气体中加入０％￣１０％Ａｒ可以显著提高膜的沉积速率，最高可以提高４０％。但是当气体中的Ａｒ超过１０％后，膜的沉积速率与Ａｒ的加入量无关。反应气体中加入Ａｒ还可以略微改善膜的组织结构和膜的耐磨性。     

聚丙烯酸甲酯—二乙烯苯微球的制备

通过无皂乳液聚合方法制备了单分散性好的丙烯酸甲酯（ＭＡ）－二乙烯苯（ＤＶＢ）交联微球。研究了引发剂、单体、交联剂的用量、温度、搅拌速率、离子强度对聚合反应速率和微球粒径的影响。得到了外形较规则、粒径为７３０ｎｍ左右、分布均匀的交联丙烯酸甲酯－二乙烯苯微球,其制备条件是：以双蒸馏水为反应体系,Ｃ（ＭＡ）０＝０．８７１ｍｏｌ／Ｌ,Ｃ（ＤＶＢ）＝０．０６７ｍｏｌ／Ｌ,Ｔ＝７０℃,转速为３００ｒ／ｍｉｎ,     

钌（Ⅲ）—KIO4（或KBrO3）—3,5—Br2—PADAP体系催化光度法测…

首次报道了硫酸介质中微量钌（Ⅲ）对ＫＩＯ４（或ＫＢｒＯ３）氧化２－（３，５－二溴－２－吡啶）－偶氮－５－二乙氨基苯酚（３，５－Ｂｒ２－ＰＡＤＡＰ）褪色具有显著的催化使用，并以此反应为指示反应建立了测定微量钌的催化光度法，在Ｒｕ（Ⅲ）－ＫＩＯ４－３，５－Ｂｒ２－ＰＡＤＡＰ体系中，钌（Ⅲ）含量在０．０８０～０．３００μｇ／１０．０ｍｌ范围内符合比耳定律，在Ｒｕ（Ⅲ）－ＫＢｒＯ３－３，５－Ｂｒ２－ＰＡＤ     

CTAB胶束溶液对丙酸乙酯皂化反应活化参数的影响

在２０℃和３０℃下，我们用准一级反应的热动力学理论和方法，研究了ＣＴＡＢ胶束溶液对丙酸乙酯皂化反应的反应速率常数和反应活化参数的影响．应用胶束溶液中的离子交换模型定量地解释了ＯＨ￣－与阳离子表面活性剂胶束的相互作用，用离子选择系数Ｋ＿（ＯＨ￣－／Ｂｒ￣－）讨论了ＣＴＡＢ胶束溶液对丙酸乙酯碱性水解反应的禁阻作用。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the