C_4烃类在H-ZSM-5分子筛催化剂上的芳构化

本文为综合利用C_4烃类以扩大芳烃来源探索了新的途径。研究了H-ZSM-5分子筛催化剂的制备条件对C_4烃类芳构化催化效率的影响,以及反应条件对反应产物分布的效应。对C_4烃类在H-ZSM-5分子筛催化剂上的芳构化反应过程进行了初步探讨,并对催化剂的稳定性和再生性能作了初步考察。试验结果表明:分离掉丁二烯后的混合C_4烃类可用作制备芳烃的原料;在常压和反应温度为500～550℃,重量空速为1～1.7(小时)~(-1)条件下,液态烃收率为47～52%(重)。其中总芳烃含量达97～98%,C_6～C_8芳烃占91～93%。尾气主要由CH_4、C_2H_4、C_2H_6和C_3H_8所组成。已失活的催化剂经通空气再生后,活性能完全恢复。     

异丙醇在ZSM-5沸石催化剂上转化为芳烃的研究

本文为综合利用低碳醇类以扩大芳烃来源探索了新的途径。我们参照Mobil公司新介绍的方法原理,利用微型催化反应装置,研究了ZSM-5沸石催化剂的制备条件对低碳醇类芳构化催化活性的影响,以及反应条件对反应产物分布的效应,并对低碳醇类在ZSM-5沸石催化剂上的芳构化过程作了初步探讨。试验结果表明:在反应温度370—400℃,体积空速为3.0～4.5hr~(-1)时,异丙醇在HZSM-5沸石催化剂上芳烃的收率较高。约为16％～25％(重)。     

炼厂气在Sb/HZSM-5沸石分子筛催化剂上芳构化的研究

本文对综合利用炼厂气以扩大芳烃来源探索了一条新的途径。研究用氧化锑改性HZSM-5与沸石分子筛催化剂对炼厂气芳构化催化活性的影响,以及活化温度和反应温度对产物分布的效应,并对炼厂气(主要是C_4、烃类)在Sb/EIZSM-5沸石分子筛健化剂上芳构化过程作了初步探讨。实验结果表明,炼厂气可作为制备芳烃的原料。在活化反应温度500℃,空速为60ml/min,总芳烃平均收率为92%,C_6—C_8芳烃收率为77%,液态非芳烃含量为7.5%,     

干凝胶蒸汽辅助晶化构筑包覆结构ZSM-5及其甲醇制芳烃性能

煤基甲醇经催化转化制苯、甲苯和二甲苯是煤炭高效清洁转化的重要技术。由于其反应步骤复杂，单一结构催化剂上难以调控反应过程，实现高的芳烃选择性。采用干凝胶蒸汽辅助晶化方法将硅铝比(Si/Al)约为50的ZSM-5原粉放入硅铝比为220的干凝胶中进行晶化制备包覆结构ZSM-5,以催化耦合甲醇制烯烃和烯烃芳构化两步反应，提升芳烃选择性。考察不同硅包覆比对甲醇制芳烃性能的影响发现，硅包覆比小于0.5时，凝胶中硅铝物种可于原粉表面成功包覆。外部的高硅铝比包覆结构促进了甲醇到低碳烯烃的转化，进而强化了甲醇分步芳构化过程，总芳烃选择性可从原粉的12.9%增加至14.5%,轻质芳烃在芳烃中的选择性也由原粉的61.8%增加至66.5%.当硅包覆比继续增加到2,部分硅铝物种在原粉外围独立成核形成小晶粒ZSM-5.虽然芳烃选择性增加到15.2%,但小晶粒也促进了芳烃的烷基化，使C₉₊芳烃选择性增加，抑制了轻质芳烃的形成。     

锌改性的分子筛催化剂上丙烷芳构化的研究

在固定床微型反应器上考察了不同分子筛锌改性后催化丙烷芳构化的反应性能。结果表明：具有8元环孔道结构的4A分子筛没有催化活性,几乎无积碳生成,具有10元环孔道结构的ZSM-5分子筛以及具有10元环和12元环的MCM-22分子筛具有较好的催化性能,积碳生成量MCM-22>ZSM-5,具有12元环孔道结构的β分子筛虽然也具有一定的催化性能,但是活性较低,且积碳的生成最多。表明分子筛催化剂的芳构化活性与其孔道结构有密切的关系。针对同一种ZSM-5分子筛改变硅铝摩尔比的研究结果表明n(SiO₂)/n(Al₂O₃)＝38的Zn/HZSM-5分子筛具有较好的芳烃选择性。     

稀土改性HZSM5催化剂上石脑油馏分非临氢芳构化制取高辛烷值汽油

考察了反应温度,空速、压力及催化剂水蒸汽处理条件对石脑油在稀土HZSM-5分子筛催化剂上的非临氢芳构化制取高辛烷值汽油反应性能的影响.结果表明,反应温度和空速对催化剂的催化性能有明显影响而压力的影响不太明显,高温、低空速有利于非临氢芳构化反应,但其中高温会导致C+5收率变低.在相同处理时间（6 h）下,随着催化剂的水蒸汽处理温度的升高,其初始芳构化活性下降,但催化剂的芳烃产率随着水蒸汽处理温度的增加先提高后降低,550 ℃水蒸汽处理温度下,催化剂芳烃产率最高,为催化剂最适宜的水蒸汽处理温度.     

咪唑-钯配合物的合成及水相Suzuki交联反应

咪唑离子液体与乙酸钯反应生成的咪唑-钯配合物可高效催化水相溴代芳烃和氯代芳烃Suzuki交联反应。在0.02%(摩尔比)催化剂用量,80℃反应4h,溴苯的催化反应产物收率可达97%。循环催化试验表明:该催化剂循环使用5次仍有较高的催化效果。     

改性ZSM-5分子筛作为甲醇合成汽油催化剂的研究

本文报道在 MR-GC80微型反应器上对几种改性 ZSM-5分子筛作为甲醇转化汽油催化刺的评价。结果有:a)磷改性 ZSM-5分子筛催化剂具有气相产物中烯烃含量增多,而油相产物中,芳烃产物含量减少。b)镍改性 ZSM-5分子筛催化剂使气相产物中烯烃含量有所降低,而在油相中碳数较大的组份(包括芳烃)的含量增大。c)锑改性 ZSM-5分子筛催化剂可减少低碳数烃类在油相中的比例。d)稀土金属(镧、鈰、钍)改性的 ZSM—5分子筛催化剂可较明显地抑制了油相产物中芳烃的比例,尤其是钍改性的分子筛催化剂在二甲苯的三异构体中对二甲苯的比例可高达52.4%(GC 面积%)。     

丙烷在ZSM-5催化剂上的芳构化反应

研究了在HZSM-5及其Zn改性的催化剂上、在不同反应条件下、丙烷芳构化反应的活性和选择性。试验结果表明,锌改性后的Zn-ZSM-5催化剂与HZSM-5相比,在同样的反应条件下,可提高丙烷转化率与芳烃选择性。在520℃,丙烷重量空速为0.74h~(-1)条件下,在Zn-ZSM-5上丙烷转化率达94.3%,芳烃收率达50.4%。实验中还应用TPD技术以NH_3为吸附质研究了Zn-ZSM-5催化剂表面酸性的改变对其活性和选择性的影响。     

金属元素改性后的液化石油气制芳烃催化剂性能评价

利用X射线衍射和红外光谱分别表征了金属元素改性的HZSM-5分子筛液化石油气芳构化催化剂,并且在反应温度510 ℃、进料空速0.25 h-1和系统压力0.1MPa的条件下,利用100 mL固定床实验装置考察了改性金属元素种类、改性金属元素含量和双金属元素改性对催化剂性能的影响.结果表明,HZSM-5分子筛经锌或锌-铝改性后物相基本没有变化,但是改性后催化剂B酸中心减少,L酸中心明显增加,并出现新的芳构化活性中心.在Zn/HZSM-5催化剂上,液化气芳构化的芳烃收率比HZSM-5催化剂提高22%,并且催化剂的稳定性明显改善;Zn-Al/HZSM-5芳构化催化剂不仅能进一步提高液化气芳构化的芳烃收率,还能有效延长催化剂的使用寿命;当Zn-Al/HZSM-5催化剂上锌含量为2.0%～4.0 %,铝含量为2.0%～3.0%时,催化剂表现出最好的活性及稳定性.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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